0F 

N*  p 

JAN  26  1940  s 
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PR  1195" 
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Parker  h  son.  Ltd.. 

fjjGLSSH  fk  FOREIGN  BOOKSELLERS, 

Zl.  Broad  StbseT,  Oxford 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2019  with  funding  from 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary  Library 


https://archive.org/details/cavalierpuritanOOroll 


4 


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CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


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CAVALIER  AND 
PURITAN 

Ballads  and  Broadsides  Illustrating 
the  Period  of  the  Great  Rebellion 

i 640-1660 


Edited  with  an  Introduction  Notes 


BY 


HYDER  E.  ROLLINS,  Ph.D. 

Associate  Professor  of  English ,  New  York  University 


THE  NEW  YORK  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

32  WAVERLY  PLACE:  NEW  YORK  CITY 

1  9  2  3 


0 


COPYRIGHT  I923  BY  NEW  YORK  UNIVERSITY 


THE  NEW  YORK  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

Arthur  Huntington  Nason,  Ph.D., Director 


PRINTING  HOUSE  OF  WILLIAM  EDWIN  RUDGE 
MOUNT  VERNON,  N.  Y. 


TO 

EARLE  BROWNELL  BABCOCK 


“0  tu  che  onori  e  scienza  ed  arte ” 


PREFACE 


THE  seventy-five  ballads  and  verse  broadsides  in  this 
book  are  reprinted  by  permission  from  collections  in 
the  Bodleian  Library,  the  British  Museum,  and  the  Man¬ 
chester  Free  Reference  Library.  To  the  officials  of  these 
libraries  cordial  acknowledgment  is  made  for  this  per¬ 
mission  and  for  many  other  favors.  Only  one  of  the 
seventy-five  broadsides  has  appeared  in  any  modern  bal¬ 
lad-book,  and  not  more  than  six  have  been  reprinted  at 
any  time  or  in  any  place.  To  some  of  them  the  subject- 
matter  lends  an  interest  disproportionate  to  their  literary 
value ;  several  are  pure  doggerel ;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
not  a  few  have  considerable  poetical  merit.  Not  one, 
however,  needs  any  apology  if  a  reader  loves,  as  Shake¬ 
speare  did,  “a  ballad  in  print  a-lifeT  Probably  the  seventy- 
five  broadsides  and  ballads  give  a  more  comprehensive 
view  of  the  period  of  the  interregnum  than  does  any  col¬ 
lection  hitherto  published.  For  a  discussion  of  that  matter 
reference  may  be  made  to  the  “Historical  Sketch  of  the 
Broadside  Ballad,  1640— 1660,”  given  in  the  general  In¬ 
troduction. 

In  every  essential  particular  the  texts  of  the  broadsides 
have  been  reproduced  exactly.  No  notice  has  been  taken 
of  broken  or  blurred  type  or  of  apostrophes  that  are  turned 
the  wrong  way  or  printed  upside  down,  but  all  other  mis¬ 
prints  are  duly  indicated.  When  emendations  are  made 
in  spelling  or  punctuation,  attention  is  called  to  them  in 
the  foot-notes;  and  as  a  general  rule  only  unmistakable 
typographical  errors  are  amended.  Letters,  words,  or  lines 
that  are  torn  off  the  original  sheets  are  restored  conjec- 
turally  between  square  brackets.  Brackets  are  used,  fur¬ 
thermore,  in  three  cases  to  enclose  ballad-titles  that  are 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


supplied  because  there  are  no  titles  at  all  in  the  originals. 
Arabic  numerals  for  stanzas  (in  one  case,  No.  54,  for 
lines)  are  an  editorial  addition;  but  where  roman  numer¬ 
als  are  used  to  mark  stanzas  they  belong  to  the  original 
texts.  Titles  and  tunes  have  been  normalized  in  printing, 
black-letter  type  being  used  uniformly  for  the  former, 
italics  for  the  latter.  Finally,  the  woodcut  illustrations 
have  been  reproduced  without  change.  In  this  untouched 
condition  they  faithfully  present  the  crude  but  attractive 
“art”  that  distinguished  the  broadside  ballad. 

The  separate  introductions  purpose  to  give  the  neces¬ 
sary  bibliographical  details  and  such  other  facts — when 
they  can  be  ascertained — as  may  be  essential  for  an 
understanding  of  the  ballad,  its  author,  and  its  tune.  But 
no  effort  has  been  made  to  treat  the  historical  background 
exhaustively  or  to  pile  up  references  and  general  notes. 
Where  necessary,  certain  proper  names  mentioned  in  the 
texts  are  explained  in  foot-notes,  but  such  further  ex¬ 
planation  of  words  and  phrases  as  appears  desirable  has 
been  made  in  the  glossarial  index.  For  the  frankness  of 
language  used  by  the  ballad-writers  no  apology  is  de¬ 
manded.  With  one  slight  exception  (which  is  indicated 
in  a  foot-note)  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  purify 
coarseness  of  diction. 

For  various  helpful  suggestions  about  the  manuscript 
or  the  proof-sheets  or  both,  I  am  indebted  to  Professor 
W.  P.  Trent,  of  Columbia  University,  and  to  my  col¬ 
leagues,  Professor  Albert  S.  Borgman,  Professor  Theo¬ 
dore  F.  Jones,  and  especially  Professor  Arthur  H.  Nason, 
the  Director  of  the  New  York  University  Press. 

New  York  City,  ^ 

July  1,  1923. 


CONTENTS 


Preface  page  vii 

Introduction:  An  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Broadside 

Ballad  1640-1660 .  3 

1 .  An  Exact  Description  of  the  Manner  How  His 
Majesty  and  His  Nobles  Went  to  the  Parliament 
on  Monday,  April  13,  1640.  By  Martin  Parker. 

{wood) . 77 

2.  A  True  Subject’s  Wish  for  the  Happy  Success  of 
Our  Royal  Army  (1640).  By  Martin  Parker. 

{wood) . 83 

3.  Britain’s  Honor  in  theTwo  Valiant  Welshmen  Who 
Fought  against  Fifteen  Thousand  Scots  (1640). 

By  Martin  Parker,  {wood) . 89 

4.  News  from  Newcastle  (1640).  By  Martin  Parker. 

{MANCHESTER) . 95 

3.  Good  News  from  the  North  (1640).  By  Martin 
Parker,  {wood) . 100 

6.  The  Great  Turk’s  Terrible  Challenge  This  Year 

164O.  {MANCHESTER)  . 1 07 

7.  A  Pleasant  New  Song  that  Plainly  Doth  Show  that 

All  Are  Beggars  Both  High  and  Low  (1641  ?).  By 
Humphrey  Crouch.  {Manchester) . 113 

8.  The  True  Manner  of  the  Life  and  Death  of  Sir 

Thomas  Wentworth  (1641).  By  Laurence  Price. 
(c.2o.f.2(8)  ) . 1 19 

9 .  Keep  Thy  Head  on  Thy  Shoulders  and  I  Will  Keep 
Mine  (1641).  By  John  Lookes.  {Manchester)  .  .  125 

I  o.  The  Bishops’  Last  Good-night  (1642). 

{THOMASON) . I32 

II.  Thanks  to  the  Parliament  (1642).  {luttrell)  .  .  139 

I  2.  A  Godly  Exhortation  to  This  Distressed  Nation 

(1642).  By  Humphrey  Crouch,  {thomaso n)  .  .  .  144 


IX 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

PAGE 

I  3  •  A  Satire  on  James  I  and  Charles  I  (1645). 

( thomason ) . 150 

1 4-*  A  Common  Observation  upon  These  Times  (1645). 

( THOMASON ) . 154 

I  3  •  The  World  Is  Turned  Upside  Down  (1646). 

(thomason) . 160 


16.  The  Zealous  Soldier  (1646).  ( thomason )  ....  163 

17*  The  Mercenary  Soldier  (1646).  (thomason).  .  .  167 

I  8 .  The  Anabaptists  Out  of  Order,  or  the  Relation  of 

Samuel  Oates  (1646).  (Manchester) . 171 

I  9 .  Alas  Poor  Tradesmen,  What  Shall  We  Do  ?  ( 1 646  ?) . 


(MANCHESTER) . 1 79 

2  Q.  Lex  Talionis,  or  London  Revived  (1647). 

(thomason) . 184 


2  1.  A  Harmony  of  Healths  (1647).  (Manchester)  .  188 

2  2 .  Strange  and  Wonderful  Predictions  Declared  in  a 
Message  as  from  the  Lord.  By  John  Saltmarsh 

(1647).  (MANCHESTER) . 1 95 

2  3 .  Come  Buy  a  Mouse-trap,  or  a  New  Way  to  Catch 
an  Old  Rat  (1647?).  By  Humphrey  Crouch. 

(MANCHESTER) . 201 

2zj_.  The  Good-fellow’s  Complaint  (1647?). 

(MANCHESTER) . 207 

2  3 .  England’s  Monthly  Predictions  for  This  Present 

Year  1649  (1648).  (Manchester) . 214 

26.  O  Brave  Oliver  (1648).  (thomason) . 221 

27.  The  Honest  Man’s  Imaginary  Dreams  and  His 
Good  Wishes  for  the  Prosperity  of  the  King  ( 1 648  ?) . 

(MANCHESTER) . 224 

28.  The  King’s  Last  Farewell  to  the  World,  or  the 
Dead  King’s  Living  Meditations  (1649). 

(thomason) . 227 


x 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 


» 


29*  King  Charles’s  Speech  and  Last  Farewell  to  the 

World  (1649).  (Manchester) . 232 

30.  The  Weeping  Widow,  or  the  Sorrowful  Lady’s 
Letter  to  Her  Beloved  Children  (1649). 

(MANCHESTER) . 236 

3  I .  The  Fatal  Fall  of  Five  Gentlemen  and  the  Death 

of  Three  of  Them  (1649).  (Manchester)  .  .  .  .  241 

3  2 .  The  Royal  Health  to  the  Rising  Sun  (1649). 

(MANCHESTER) . 247 

3  3  •  The  Twelve  Brave  Bells  of  Bow  (1649). 

(MANCHESTER) . 25 1 

34*  The  Fame,  Wit,  and  Glory  of  the  West  (1649?). 

(MANCHESTER) . 256 

3  5  •  The  Credit  of  Yorkshire,  or  the  Glory  of  the  North 

(1649).  By  Charles  Hammond.  (Manchester)  .  265 

36-  Gallant  News  from  the  Seas  (1649).  By  Tom  Smith. 

(MANCHESTER) . 273 

37.  A  Brief  Relation  of  an  Atheistical  Creature  Living 

at  Lambert  (1649).  (Manchester) . 277 

38.  Gallant  News  from  Ireland.  Being  a  True  Relation 

of  the  Lord  Inchiquin’s  Taking  the  City  of  Drog¬ 
heda  (1649).  (MANCHESTER) . 284 


39.  A  Hymn  to  Cromwell  (1649).  (thomason)  .  .  .  288 
q_0.  The  Wily,  Witty,  Neat,  and  Pretty  Damsel  (1649?). 

(MANCHESTER) . 29 1 

I .  There  I  Mumpt  You  Now,  or  Mumping  Meg’s 
Resolution  (1649?).  (Manchester) . 298 

q_2 .  A  New  Ballad  (on  the  Death  of  the  Earl  of  Pem¬ 
broke,  1650).  (THOMASON) . 3O4 

4.3 .  Articles  of  Agreement  betwixt  Prince  Charles  and 

the  Parliament  of  Scotland  (1650).  (Manchester)  309 

The  Lady’s  Lamentation  for  the  Loss  of  Her  Land¬ 
lord  (1651).  (C.20.F.14)  315 


XI 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

PAGE 

4  5*  The  Character  of  a  Time-serving  Saint  (1652).  By 

Lionel  Lockier.  ( thomason ) . 320 

46.  Catch  (1652).  By  John  Crouch?  ( mercurius 

Democritus) . 325 

47*  Christmas  Carol  (1652).  By  John  Crouch? 

( MERCURIUS  DEMOCRITUS ) . 326 

4  8 .  The  Salisbury  Assizes,  or  The  Reward  of  Witch¬ 

craft  (1653).  ( MANCHESTER ) . 329 

49 .  The  Hungry  Bloodhounds  (1653).  ( thomason )  .  336 

^O.  A  Constant  Lover  Being  Lately  Frowned  On 

(i653).ByJohnCrouch?(M£JRct/JR/t/6’  Democritus)  339 

5  I .  Joyful  News  for  England  and  All  Other  Parts  of 

the  Peace  Which  Passed  between  England  and 
Holland  (1654).  (C.20.F.14) . 341 

^2.  Two  Antagonists  in  Love  (1654).  By  John  Crouch? 

( MERCURIUS  FUMIGOSUS ) . 348 

53*  A  Catch  (1654).  By  John  Crouch?  ( mercurius 

FUMIGOSUS ) . 352 

54.  The  Lady  Pecunia’s  Journey  unto  Hell  with  Her 
Speech  to  Pluto  (1654).  By  Humphrey  Crouch. 
[thomason) . 354 

C>C>.  Jack  the  Plough-lad’s  Lamentation  (1654).  ByT. 

R.  (C.20.F.14) . 361 

56.  A  Looking-glass  for  Young' Men  and  Maids  (1655). 

(C.20.F.14) . 366 

C  7.  Strange  and  Wonderful  News  of  a  Woman  Who 
Had  Her  Head  Torn  Off  from  Her  Body  by  the 
Devil  (1655).  By  Laurence  Price.  (C.20.F.14)  .  .  372 

j  8 .  A  Warning  for  All  Wicked  Livers  by  the  Example 
of  Richard  Whitfield  and  Master  Gibs  (1655).  By 
Laurence  Price.  [Manchester) . 379 

59*  A  Dreadful  Relation  of  the  Cruel,  Bloody,  and 
Most  Inhuman  Massacre  of  the  Protestants  in 
Savoy  (1655).  (C.20.F.14) . 385 


XII 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 


60.  A  Kiss  of  a  Seaman’s  WorthTwo  of  Another  (1655). 

By  Samuel  Smithson.  (C.20.F.14) . 391 

61.  No  Ring,  No  Wedding  (1656).  (Manchester)  .  .  396 

62.  The  Quakers'  Fear,  or  Wonderful,  Strange,  and 

True  News  of  James  Parnel  (1656).  By  Laurence 
Price,  (wood) . 402 

63-  A  New  Merry  Dialogue  between  John  and  Bess 

(1656).  By  Laurence  Price,  (c. 20. f.  14) . 409 

64.  The  Two  Jeering  Lovers,  Dick  and  Nancy  (1656). 


By  Laurence  Price.  (C.20.F.14) . 414 

6  5  •  Deplorable  News  from  Southwark,  or  The  Loving 
Lassies'  Lamentations  for  the  Loss  of  Their  Sweet¬ 
hearts  (1650-56).  (C.20.F.14) . 420 


6  6 .  The  True  Lover’s  Summons  Sent  in  a  Letter  to  His 

Dearest  Sweeting  (1650-56).  (C.20.F.14)  ....  426 

67.  The  Faithful  Maid’s  Adventures  (1650-56).  By 

Laurence  Price.  (C.20.F.14) . 433 

6  8 .  The  Matchless  Shepherd  Overmatched  by  His  Mis¬ 

tress  (1650-56).  By  Laurence  Price,  (rawlinson)  439 

69.  The  Flattering  Damsel,  or  a  False  Heart  Brings 

Sorrow  (1650-56).  (C.20.F.14) . 444 

70.  Kissing  Goes  by  Favor  (1650-56).  (C.20.F.14).  .  451 

71.  The  Roaring  Blacksmith’s  Resolution  (1650-56). 

ByT.  J.  (C.20.F.14) . 458 

7  2 .  The  Lovers’  Farewell,  or  The  Constant  Resolution 

of  Two  Faithful  Lovers  (1650-56).  (C.20.F.14)  .  .  465 

7  3.  Love’s  Return,  or  The  Maiden’s  Joy  (1650-56).  By 

Samuel  Smithson.  (C.20.F.14) . 471 

74*  A  New  Prophecy,  or  Some  Strange  Speeches  De¬ 
clared  by  an  Old  Woman  Living  Now  in  Cheshire 


(1657).  (C.20.F.14) . 477 

7  5  •  England’s  Object,  or  Good  and  True  News  for  the 

Taking  of  Hugh  Peters  (1660).  (wood) . 484 

Index  of  Titles,  First  Lines,  Refrains,  and  Tunes.  .  .  .  493 
Glossarial  Index . 503 


XIII 


ILLUSTRATIONS 
FROM  THE  ORIGINAL  BROADSIDE 

BALLADS 


“An  Exact  Description  How  Charles  I  and  His  Nobles 
Went  to  the  Parliament,  1640”  (wood  401  (139)  )  page 

Between  76  and  77 

Archbishop  Laud,  the  Bishops,  and  Parliament  (669. 

f-4(6i)) . 134 

The  Pope  of  Rome  and  His  Minions  (669. f.4(6i)  ) .  .  .  136 
A  Soldier  in  Complete  Armor  (669.  f.  10  (50)  )  Facing  164 
A  Gallant  of  Charles  I’s  Time  (669. f.  10  (49)  )  Facing  168 
An  English  Tavern  in  1647  (Manchester,  II,  38)  ...  189 

“England’s  Monthly  Predictions  for  1649”  (Manchester, 

II,  44) .  .  .  .  .  Between  214  and  215 


A  Nobleman  Beheaded  on  the  Scaffold  (Manchester, 

H>43) . 243 

Roistering  Cavaliers  in  an  Ale-house  (Manchester, 

i>  44) . 248 

A  Tub-preacher  and  Plis  Congregation  (Manchester, 

1, 35) . 278 

A  Cavalier,  His  Sweetheart,  and  Cupid  (0.20^.14(32)  )  316 

A  Mounted  Soldier  of  the  Commonwealth  (C.20.F.14 

(23)) . 342 

Lady  Pecunia  Riding  to  Hell  on  a  Peacock  (669. f.  17 

(75)) . 355 

Hell’s  Fiends  Dancing  for  Joy  (669^.17(75) ) . 358 

Execution  of  a  Criminal  by  Hanging  in  1655 

(MANCHESTER,  1, 32) . 380 

A  Naval  Battle  (c.2o.f. 14(16) ) . 392 

A  Drummer,  a  Piper,  a  Standard-bearer,  and  Pikemen 
(c.ao.F.i4(3) ) . 421 

A  Knight  and  His  Lady  (0.20^.14(14) ) . 427 

Bust  Portraits  of  a  Lady  and  a  Gentleman  (C.20.F.14 
(19)) . 466 


xv 


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INTRODUCTION 


4 


INTRODUCTION:  AN  HISTORICAL  SKETCH 
OF  THE  BROADSIDE  BALLAD,  1640-1660 


I 

PRACTICALLY  no  study  of  the  ballad  in  England 
during  the  years  1640-1660  has  heretofore  been 
made,  and  that  chapter  has  remained  the  most  obscure  in 
all  ballad-history.  Even  William  Chappell,  in  his  admir¬ 
able  and  indispensable  Popular  Music  of  the  Olden  Time, 
gave  a  bare  forty-one  pages  to  the  interregnum;  and  more 
than  half  of  the  ballads  and  tunes  he  discusses  really 
date  back  as  early  as  the  reign  of  James  I.  Chappell  had 
seen  comparatively  few  Commonwealth  ballads,  and  in 
those  few  was  but  slightly  interested.  The  same  state¬ 
ment  applies  to  Thomas  Wright,  who  edited  for  the 
Percy  Society  in  1841  a  small  volume  of  Political  Ballads 
Published  in  England  during  the  Commonwealth;  to 
W.  W.  Wilkins,  whose  Political  Ballads  of  the  Seven¬ 
teenth  and  Eighteenth  Centuries  appeared  in  i860;  and 
to  Charles  Mackay,  who,  in  1863,  compiled  (largely 
from  the  identical  sheets  used  by  Wright  and  Wilkins) 
his  Cavalier  Songs  and  Ballads  of  England  from  1642  to 
1684.  These  editors  depended  for  their  Commonwealth 
ballads  almost  entirely  on  the  Thomason  Collection  in 

the  British  Museum.  None  of  them  had  any  interest 

* 

in  ballads  as  such. 

Almost  as  little  interest  in  ballad-history  had  J.  W. 
Ebs worth,  the  well-known  editor  of  the  Roxburghe 


3 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Ballads  and  the  Bagford  Ballads;  but  he  wrote  and  sev¬ 
eral  times  prematurely  announced  the  publication  of  a 
book  of  Civil-War  ballads,  the  manuscript  of  which,  after 
his  death,  is  said  to  have  been  sold  from  his  library  to  a 
private  collector.  Ebsworth  had  thoroughly  ransacked 
all  the  available  printed  and  manuscript  sources;  and  it 
is  probable  that  his  book  would  have  excelled  in  bulk  any 
edition  of  Commonwealth  ballads  that  has  been  or  can 
now  be  made.  Certainly  it  would  have  been  Ebsworthian, 
with  all  his  grave  defects  as  an  editor.  Nevertheless,  the 
book  would  undeniably  have  been  worth  consulting,  and 
would  no  doubt  have  contained  transcripts  of  ballads 
that  may  now  remain  unknown  for  years.  It  is  a  pity  that 
Ebsworth  failed  to  publish  his  Commonwealth  Ballads. 

The  most  important  printed  collections  of  Civil-War 
and  Commonwealth  ballads  are  those  in  the  British 
Museum.  Many  ballads  collected  by  the  bookseller 
George  Thomason  are  preserved  among  the  twenty-four 
folio  volumes  (669  f.  1,  669  f.  2,  etc.)  popularly  called, 
after  their  former  owner,  George  III,  the  King’s  Pamph¬ 
lets,  and  in  the  hundreds  of  quartos  that  have  the  press- 
mark  “E”  followed  by  a  numeral.  Most  of  these  are 
political  in  subject-matter,  and  hence  give  a  distorted 
view  of  the  activities  of  the  ballad-press.  A  more  varied 
choice  of  subjects  is  found  in  the  so-called  “Book  of 
Fortune”  (C.  20.  f.  14),  a  collection  of  some  forty  black- 
letter  ballads  in  which  journalism,  love,  and  satire  are 
more  prominent  than  politics.  It  is  from  these  two 
sources  that  many  of  the  broadsides  here  reprinted  are 
taken.  One  comes  from  the  highly  important  collection 
of  broadsheets  made  by  Narcissus  Luttrell.  Various 
Commonwealth  ballads,  dating  from  1659  and  i66o„ 

4 


INTRODUCTION 


are  scattered  through  other  collections  in  the  British 
Museum,  but  are  not  here  used. 

A  number  of  important  ballads  are  preserved,  too,  in 
the  celebrated  collection  of  the  Earl  of  Crawford  (de¬ 
scribed  in  Bibliotheca  Lindesiana ,  Catalogue  of  English 
Ballads ,  1890),  several  of  which  are  duplicated  in  the 
Thomason  tracts  (cf.  No.  28).  Others  are  in  the  Euing 
Collection  at  the  University  of  Glasgow  (described  in 
J.  O.  HalliwelFs  Catalogue  of  An  Unique  Collection  of 
Ancient  English  Broadside  Ballads ,  1856),  most  of  them 
of  the  years  1659  and  1660.  Still  others  are  scattered 
through  the  great  collections  of  Anthony  Wood  and 
Rawlinson  at  the  Bodleian,  and  a  very  few  appear  in 
Samuel  Pepys’s  five  volumes  at  Magdalene  College,  Cam¬ 
bridge.  The  Wood  and  Rawlinson  Collections  are  rep¬ 
resented  in  this  volume;  but  the  chief  untapped  source 
used  in  preparing  it  is  the  remarkable  collection  at  the 
Manchester  Free  Reference  Library. 

In  the  hasty  notes  added  by  Ebsworth  to  the  final 
volume  of  his  Roxburghe  Ballads ,  there  are  occasional 
references  to  this  collection  and  a  few  reprints,  usually 
unspecified,  from  it.  It  is  preserved  in  two  folio  volumes 
(press-marks  310  D  2,  310  D  3),  which  contain  about 
one  hundred  and  thirty  separate  printed  ballads.  Most 
of  them  are  sadly  mutilated,  but  several  are  unique,  and 
the  collection  as  a  whole  is  of  very  great  importance. 
Noteworthy  are  the  ballads  signed  by  Laurence  Price, 
John  Lookes,  and  Humphrey  Crouch.  A  few  of  the 
ballads  are  of  early  date — like  “The  shamefull  downe- 
fall  of  the  Popes  Kingdome”  (printed  with  no  indica¬ 
tion  of  its  source  in  the  Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VIII,  Pt.  I, 
xv ),  which  deals  with  the  execution  of  Steven  Garnet  in 

5 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


1606.  But  by  far  the  majority  date  from  the  years  1640— 
1660,  and  the  twenty-nine  unique  ballads  reprinted 
below  from  this  collection  show  clearly  that  George 
Thomason  paid  scant  attention  to  buying  ballads  as  they 
came  from  the  press,  and  throw  a  flood  of  light  on  the 
attitude  of  the  common  people  during  the  interregnum. 

All  other  editions  of  Commonwealth  ballads  have 
been  purely  political.  The  satirical  songs  and  libels  that 
make  up  the  bulk  of  Thomason’s  Collection  are  of  unfail¬ 
ing  interest;  but  they  put  a  false  emphasis  on  one  ac¬ 
tivity  of  the  ballad-writers.  Furthermore,  they  neces¬ 
sarily  give  the  impression  that  the  rise  of  Cromwell  to 
power  brought  to  an  end  the  ballad-singing  that  for  a 
century  had  made  England  in  general  and  London  in 
particular  merry.  But  such  a  notion  is  totally  false. 
London,  though  overawed  by  the  Puritans,  was  a  far 
from  doleful  city;  her  amusements  were  far  from  being 
completely  crushed.  The  light-hearted  ditties  of  the  years 
1649-1656  printed  in  this  volume  furnish  indisputable 
evidence  that  war  and  censorship  did  not  at  all  change 
the  type  of  ballads.  London  people  craved  and  obtained 
songs  exactly  like  those  to  which  they  had  for  years  been 
accustomed.  And  it  is  significant  that  these  ditties  almost 
without  exception  bear  in  their  colophons  the  names  and 
business  addresses  of  the  printers — significant  because  the 
laws  against  printing  should  have  hindered  their  appear¬ 
ance.  Thomason  may  have  thought  these  ballads  un¬ 
worthy  of  preservation  because  of  the  frothiness  of  their 
subjects.  The  modern  reader,  on  the  other  hand,  will 
find  “A  K  iss  of  a  Seaman”  (No.  60)  quite  as  sig¬ 
nificant  as  the  most  libelous  ballad  written  against 
Cromwell. 


6 


INTRODUCTION 


II 

During  the  early  years  of  the  reign  of  Charles  I, 
lyrical  ballads  surpassed  in  number  those  of  a  journal¬ 
istic  type,  and  some  really  good  songs  were  written  by 
Martin  Parker  and  Laurence  Price.  With  the  outbreak 
of  civil  war,  however,  the  situation  changed.  Under 
the  impulse  of  the  Bishops’  Wars  (May,  16,39-October, 
1640),  ballad-writers  turned  almost  exclusively  to  jour¬ 
nalism.  A  few  ballads  on  merely  local  news  are  pre¬ 
served;  for  example,  “The  Reward  of  Murther,”  which 
tells  of  the  execution  of  one  Richard  Smith,  on  December 
12,  1640,  for  the  murder,  near  Moorfields,  of  his  mistress, 
Mary  Davis.1  The  majority,  however,  deal  with  the 
comparatively  new  field  of  war-correspondence.  An  early 
production  (April  24,  1640)  called  “The  Soldiers’  De¬ 
light  in  the  North”2  purported  to  describe  the  loyalty  of 
the  King’s  army  and  the  joy  of  his  men  at  an  opportunity 
for  active  service.  The  government  may  actually  have 
encouraged  the  writing  of  ballads  against  the  Scots, 
though  on  March  30  it  had  issued  a  proclamation  against 
“libelous  and  seditious  pamphlets  and  discourses  from 
Scotland”  which  were  said  to  be  widely  circulated  in 
manuscript  and  print,  especially  in  London.3  In  any 
case,  it  was  undoubtedly  pleased  by  the  popular  feeling 
ballads  aroused;  and  the  author  of  Vox  Borealis  (1641) 
marveled  at  the  number  written.  According  to  that 
pamphlet,  Martin  Parker  wrote  “many  base  ballads 
against  the  Scots.”4 

1  Manchester  Collection,  II,  20.  2  Ibid.,  II,  32. 

3  John  Rushworth,  Historical  Collections,  II,  ii,  1094. 

4  Harleian  Miscellany,  1809,  III,  219.  See  my  “Martin  Parker,”  Modern 
Philology,  XVI  (1919),  449-474. 


7 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Four  of  these  are  reprinted  in  this  book.5  All  four 
have  real  value,  in  particular  “Good  News  from  the 
North”  (No.  5),  which  ends  with  a  brief  prose  account 
of  a  battle  between  the  Scots  and  the  English  and  a  list 
of  the  thirty-eight  prisoners  taken.  Another  (No.  4), 
suggested  by  the  loss  of  Newcastle  in  1640,  is  character¬ 
istically  entitled 

Newes  from  Nezv-castle  with  An  Advertisement,  To  all  English  men 
that  (for  the  safety  of  themselves,  their  King  and  Country)  they 
would  abandon  the  fond  opinion,  (which  too  many  doe  conceave)  of 
the  Scots  good  meaning  to  England ,  which  our  fore-fathers  have  ever 
experienced  to  the  contrary;  they  having  bin  oftentimes  found  to  bee 
circumventing  Machiavillians,  and  faythles  truce  breakers. 

Parker’s  hostility  to  the  Scots  was  fanned  into  fury  when, 
a  few  years  later,  they  surrendered  Charles  I  to  the 
English  Parliament. 

Every  rumor  from  the  front  was  put  into  rhyme  and 
sung  in  the  streets.  One  seditious  pamphleteer  remarked 
that  these  rumors  come  out  “by  Owl-light ,  in  little  Books , 
or  Ballads ,  to  be  sold  in  the  Streets ;  and,  I  fear,  it  is  held 
a  prime  Piece  of  Policy  of  State:  For  otherwise,  how 
could  so  many  false  Ballads ,  and  Books  be  tolerated"? 
Yet  the  next  Morning-Sun  exhales  all  their  vain  Evening 
Vapours:  As  that  News  of  taking  Lesley  Prisoner;  kill¬ 
ing  of  Colonel  Crayford ;  and  imprisoning  most  of  the 
Nobility:  But  I  never  believed  it,  because,  if  they  had 
been  true  Ballads,  they  would  have  been  sung  by  Day¬ 
light,  Books  printed,  Bonfires  made,  and  a  solemn  Pro¬ 
cession,  with  a  Te  Deum ,  at  least,  had  not  been  wanting 
at  Lambeth .”6  Furthermore,  in  1641  every  stationer  in 

5  Nos.  2-5. 

The  Scots  Scouts  Discovery ,  1642  ( Phoenix  Britannicus,  1732,  p.  467). 

8 


s 


INTRODUCTION 


London  had  “some  Pamphlet,  Sonnet  or  Ballet”  ridi¬ 
culing  the  notorious  Alderman  Abell.7 

During  the  second  Bishops’  War,  ballads  poured  into 
Stationers5  Hall.  About  one  hundred  were  registered  in 
1640,  most  of  them  celebrating  the  graciousness  of  the 
King’s  bearing  as  he  went  before  Parliament,  or  rejoic¬ 
ing  in  good  news,  often  without  foundation,  from  Scot¬ 
land.  Parker’s  “Exact  Description”  (No.  1)  of  the 
ceremonies  that  marked  the  opening  of  Parliament  on 
April  13,  1640,  voiced  the  general  hope  that  all  wrongs 
would  be  redressed,  all  troubles  averted. 

At  times  the  ballad-writers,  carried  away  by  zeal  and 
loyalty,  overstepped  the  bounds  of  propriety  and  offended 
the  King’s  government.  Parker’s  enemies  asserted  that 
his  anti-Scottish  ballads  came  near  winning  him  a  place 
in  prison,  and  such  actually  was  the  fortune  of  another 
writer.  “There  was  a  poor  man,”  says  Vox  Borealis , 
“who,  to  get  a  little  money,  made  a  song  of  all  the  caps 
in  the  kingdom,  and,  at  every  verse’s  end,  concludes  thus, 

Of  all  the  caps  that  ever  I  see, 

Either  great  or  small,  blue  cap  for  me. 

But  his  mirth  was  quickly  changed  to  mourning,  for  he 
was  clapped  up  in  the  Clink  [a  Southwark  prison],  for 
his  boldness,  to  meddle  with  any  such  matters.”  Further¬ 
more,  “one  Parker ,  the  Prelats  Poet,  who  made  many 
base  Ballads  against  the  Scots ,  sped  but  little  better ,  for 
he,  and  his  Antipodes  were  like  to  have  tasted  of  Justice 
Longs  liberalitie:  and  hardly  he  escaped  his  Powdering- 
Tubb,  which  the  vulgar  people  calls  a  Prison.  But  now  he 

7  The  whole  Life  of  Alderman  Abel ,  1641  (669.  f.  4  (15))-  On  Abell  see 
Gardiner’s  History  of  England ,  1603—1642,  VIII,  286,  and  the  British  Museum 
Catalogue  of  Satirical  Prints ,  I,  192  ff. 


9 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


sweares  he  will  never  put  pen  to  paper  for  the  Prelats 
againe,  but  betake  himselfe  to  his  pitcht  Kanne,  and 
Tobacco  Pipe;  and  learne  to  sell  his  frothie  Pots  againe, 
and  give  over  Poetrie.” 

That  Parker  kept  an  ale-house,  or  tavern,  is  certain, 
and  probably,  too,  Vox  Borealis  stated  the  truth  about 
his  misfortunes  in  ballad-writing.  For  during  1640  he 
was  three  times  summoned  before  the  Court  of  High 
Commission,  over  which  Archbishop  Laud  presided.  The 
records  of  the  Court,  unfortunately,  give  no  specific  de¬ 
tails  of  the  nature  of  Parker’s  offense.  In  them,  however, 
he  is  called  “Martin  Parker,  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Giles  in 
the  Fields,  victualler.”  On  June  1 1  he  appeared  before 
the  Court,  and  was  sworn  and  admonished;  reappearing 
on  June  18,  “hee  was  monished  to  bee  exa^med  befor 
this  day  in  prox.”  On  June  25  “hee  is  exa/m/zed,  but  not 
repeated.  This  day  ye  said  Martin  Parker  was  monished  to 
finish  &  repeate  his  answers  betwixt  this  &  ye  next  Court 
day.”8  It  seems  safe  to  believe  the  statement  of  his  enemy, 
Vox  Borealis ,  that  Parker  escaped  the  Archbishop’s  prison, 
the  Clink,  however  narrowly;  but  several  of  his  ballads 
later  in  date  than  June,  1640,  reprinted  below,  refute  the 
remark  that  he  had  decided  to  “sell  his  frothy  pots  again,  • 
and  give  over  poetry.”  “As  for  the  Song  which  goes  Blue 
cap  for  mee ,”  Mercuries  Message ,  or  The  Coppy  of  a 
Tetter  sent  to  William  Laud  late  Archbishop  of  Canter¬ 
bury*  derisively  remarks,  Laud  will  “have  it  chang’d  to 
Black  cap  that' s  his  fee." 

8  State  Papers,  Domestic,  Charles  I,  vol.  434  A,  fol.  47 -,  vol.  434,  fols.  202v, 
217}  Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic ,  1640,  pp.  421,  425,  430.  The  Dictionary 
of  National  Biography  states  that  there  is  no  evidence  to  prove  that  Parker  kept 
an  ale-house. 

*1641,  sig.  A  2V.  This  pamphlet  is  preserved  in  the  Harvard  Library  (Gay 
1641.  629.5). 


10 


INTRODUCTION 


In  1641  only  a  dozen  ballads  were  registered  at  Sta¬ 
tioners’  Hall.  Their  titles  reflect  the  ominousness  of  the 
political  situation,  as,  “Glad  Tidings  of  Great  Joy,” 
“The  Happy  Proceeding  of  This  Hopeful  Parliament,” 
“England’s  Cure  After  a  Lingering  Sickness,”  “An 
Honest  Man  Will  Stand  to  It.”  Many  others  of  the  date 
1641,  though  not  entered  in  the  Register,  are  preserved; 
and  among  these  unregistered  ballads  are,  naturally 
enough,  a  number  hostile  to  the  party  of  the  King.  “Judge 
Berkeley’s  Complaint”  about  his  impeachment  for  con¬ 
curring  with  the  King  on  the  ship-money  levy10  and  “Good 
News”  by  Francis  Mussell,  vintner,  showing  that  “the 
parliament  goes  on”  and  that  peace  will  soon  come,11  may 
be  mentioned.  The  execution  of  Strafford  is  the  subject 
of  two  ballads  reprinted  below,  the  one  (No.  8)  a 
lugubrious  warning  to  traitors  by  Laurence  Price,  the 
other  (No.  9)  an  airy  ditty  in  which  John  Lookes  satir¬ 
izes  the  “running  disease”  contracted  by  Strafford’s 
friends.  Wholly  non-political  is  Humphrey  Crouch’s 
“Beggars  All  A-Row”  (No.  7).  Certain  straight-laced 
Puritans,  however,  objected  to  all  ballads,  whatever  their 
subject.  It  is  significant  that  the  twenty-third  article  in 
Cor  da  Angliae :  Or,  The  Generali  Expressions  of  The 
Land;  Moving  xxv.  Particulars  to  the  Honourable  As¬ 
sembly  in  the  High  Court  of  Parliament 12  petitions  that 
“all  vaine  and  ungodly  bookes,  ballads,  love-songs,  and 
lascivious  bookes,  and  vaine  pamphlets,  may  be  called  in, 
and  no  more  such  may  be  ever  tolerated  hereafter,  or 
dispersed  either  in  print,  or  in  manuscript;  which  vaine 
bookes,  ballads,  and  pamphlets,  have  taken  deeper  im- 

10  Lord  Crawford’s  Catalogue  of  English  Ballads,  No.  1273. 

11  Ibid.,  No.  440;  E.  669  (32).  12  1641,  pp.  18-19. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


pression  upon  the  hearts  of  many  thousands,  to  draw 
them  to  love  and  delight  in  those  actions  of  sin,  into 
which  they  have  beene  seduced  by  reading  of  them.” 

No  ballads  were  registered  in  1642,  but  there  was 
little  stoppage,  if  any,  in  their  publication.  “The  Bishops’ 
Last  Good-night”  (No.  10),  “Thanks  to  the  Parliament” 
(No.  11),  and  “A  Godly  Exhortation”  (No.  12)  belong 
to  this  year.  For  the  absence  of  registrations,  various 
reasons  may  be  given.  In  July,  1641,  the  Star  Chamber 
had  been  abolished,  and,  as  a  result,  the  necessity  for 
licensing  printed  matter  ceased.  Moreover,  Thomas 
Symcocke  held  an  oppressive  patent  on  “all  things,  that 
are,  may,  or  shall  be  Printed  upon  one  side  of  a  sheet, 
or  any  part  of  a  sheet;  provided  one  side  thereof  be  white 
Paper,”  a  fact  vigorously  complained  of  in  a  petition  of 
the  Masters  and  Workmen  Printers  of  London  to  the 
High  Court  of  Parliament  in  March,  1642. 13  If  it  had 
been  strictly  enforced,  this  patent — which  was  originally 
granted  by  James  I — would  have  permitted  the  publi¬ 
cation  of  ballads  only  by  Symcocke  or  such  assigns  as  he 
chose  to  appoint.  Finally,  since  there  was  no  power  to 
enforce  the  laws,  no  imperative  reason  existed  for 
spending  money  on  licenses  that  could  be  safely  evaded. 
But  this  condition,  theoretically  at  least,  did  not  long 
continue. 

In  1643  the  Humble  Remonstrance  of  the  Company 
of  Stationers  testified  that,  as  a  result  of  the  enormous 
amount  of  printing  during  the  last  four  years,  “propriety 
of  copies”  had  disappeared,  and  asked  for  various 
changes.  A  board  of  licensers  was  established  by  Par¬ 
liament  in  June,  1643,  the  first  appointee  being  Henry 

13  669.  f.  4  (79). 


12 


INTRODUCTION 


Walley,  clerk  to  the  Company  of  Stationers.  Other 
licensers  followed  in  due  succession — among  them  being 
John  Rushworth  (1644),  Gilbert  Mabbott  (1646  and 
1653),  and  Theodore  Jennings  ( 1649).  In  the  ordinance 
creating  licensers,  their  duties  are  said  to  be  to  license 
pamphlets  and  news-books.  Nevertheless,  they  were 
responsible  for  ballads  as  well ;  and  noteworthy  in 
the  present  volume  are  the  ballads  bearing  the  official 
imprimatur  of  Mabbott  and  Jennings.  From  1656  to 
1660,  ballads  occasionally  bore  the  legend  (cf.  No.  62) 
“Licensed  according  to  Order,”  and  this  legend,  as  well 
as  the  name  or  initials  of  the  official  licenser,  regularly 
appeared  on  ballads  after  1660.  That  unscrupulous 
printers  sometimes  forged  a  license  is  certain.  When 
Mabbott  was  retired  in  1649,  defended  himself  by 
saying  that  “many  thousands  of  scandalous  and  malig¬ 
nant  pamphlets  have  been  published  with  his  name  there¬ 
unto  as  if  he  had  licensed  the  same,  though  he  never  saw 
them,  on  purpose  as  he  conceives  to  prejudice  him  in  his 
reputation  amongst  the  honest  party  of  this  nation.”14 

Comparatively  few  ballads  about  events  of  the  Civil 
War  are  extant.  During  the  years  1642-1647,  they  were 
printed  in  enormous  numbers;  but  nearly  all  escaped 
entry  in  the  Stationers’  Register,  and  the  Company  of 
Stationers  was  never  able  to  regain  its  hold  on  the  ballad- 
printers.  Political  ballads  abounded.  On  August  26, 
1641,  a  libeler  who  wrote  “a  scandalous  ballad  concern¬ 
ing  the  Queen  Mother’s  going  away”  was  committed  to 
prison  by  the  House  of  Lords  and  his  ballads  were 
ordered  burned  by  the  public  hangman.15  “Halter  and 

14  J.  B.  Williams,  A  History  of  English  Journalism,  p.  116. 

3j  John  Evelyn’s  Diary ,  ed.  Bray-Wheatley,  IV,  75. 

13 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


ballad-makers  are  the  two  principal  trades  of  late,”  says 
the  Scots'  Scout's  Discoveries  (1642),  “ballads  being  sold 
by  whole  hundreds  in  the  city,  and  halters  sent  by  whole 
barrels  full  to  Berwick,  to  hang  up  the  rebels  with,  as 
soon  as  they  catch  them.”10 

The  number  of  ballad-writers  had  greatly  increased, 
not  only  to  supply  the  demand  for  news  and  satire  but 
also  to  get  the  increased  profits  that  arose  from  unlicensed 
printing  and  easy  sales.  The  Downfall  of  T  emporizing 
Poets  (1641)  remarks  that  the  ballad-writers  formed 
“an  indifferent  strong  Corporation:  23  of  you  sufficient 
writers,  besides  Martin  Parker."  More  than  twenty-four 
ballad-writers  are  known  by  name,  and  this  number  was 
considerably  increased  by  men  of  letters  who  saw  in  the 
ballad  an  effective  weapon  to  use  against  Parliament  and 
for  the  King.  Among  these  were  John  Cleveland,  John 
Taylor,  Alexander  Brome,  Sir  John  Birkenhead,  and  Sir 
John  Mennis.  The  Actors'  Remonstrance  (1643)  declares 
that  the  silencing  of  their  profession  by  Parliament  has 
already  caused  many  players  to  join  “ Martin  Parkers 
societie,  and  write  ballads,”  and  will  probably  cause 
others  to  do  likewise.  This  statement  was  certainly  true. 
The  actor  Thomas  Jordan,  who  had  written  several  plays 
before  the  theatres  were  closed  in  1642,  turned  promptly 
to  ballading,  a  number  of  his  productions  (like  those  in 
his  Royal  Arbor  of  Loyal  Poesie ,  1664)  being  mere  sum¬ 
maries  of  the  Merchant  of  Venice,  Philaster,  and  other 
popular  dramas.  Other  actors  became  pamphleteers. 
Thus  Mercurius  Militaris  was  “written  by  one  John 
Harris ,  sometimes  a  Players  Boy,  a  Rogue  by  the  Statute ; 
and  since  the  suppression  of  Play-houses,  hath  betaken 

16  Phoenix  Britannicus ,  1732,  p.  466. 

H 


INTRODUCTION 

himself  to  the  Profession  of  a  Printer.”17  During  the 
interregnum,  there  was  practically  no  distinction  between 
ballad-writers  and  pamphleteers. 

The  influence  of  the  balladists  was  enormous.  They 
helped  to  mold  popular  opinion.  A  correspondent  in¬ 
formed  Sir  John  Coke  (Secretary  of  State,  1624—1639) 
on  May  30,  1642,  of  a  riot  in  London  that  had  been 
quelled  by  the  militia,  and  remarked  that  the  dexterous¬ 
ness  of  these  citizen  troops  “was  much  commended  by 
both  Houses  [of  Parliament]  and  the  French  Ambas¬ 
sador,  who  were  spectators.  But,”  he  added  significantly, 
“all  people  cannot  be  pleased  with  the  commendable 
endeavours  of  others,  for  the  ballettmongers  sing  to  the 
contrary.”18  Pecuniary  rewards,  to  be  sure,  did  not  always 
keep  pace  with  popularity  and  influence;  and  the  authors 
of  ballads  sometimes  fell  on  evil  days — like  Robert  Guy, 
to  whose  support  and  funeral  obsequies  the  parish  of 
St.  Giles-in-the-Fields  contributed.19  Martin  Parker,  on 
the  other  hand,  must  have  been  well-to-do:  his  ballads 
were  so  widely  known  as  to  be  anathema  to  15,000 
London  citizens!  On  December  11,  1640,  “Alderman 
Pennington,  with  some  hundreds  following  him,  pre¬ 
sented  the  Citizens  Petition,  subscribed  by  15000,  against 
the  Discipline,  and  Ceremonies  of  the  Church.”20  The 
petition  itself  was  supported  by  “A  Particular  of  the 
manifold  Evils,  Pressures,  and  Grievances  caused,  prac¬ 
tised,  and  occasioned  by  the  Prelates  and  their  Depen¬ 
dants,”'  of  which  this  was  Article  VIII: 

The  swarming  of  lascivious,  idle,  and  unprofitable  Books  and 

‘  Mercurius  Impartialis ,  No.  1,  p.  2. 

18  Historical  MSS.  Comm .,  Twelfth  Report ,  Appendix ,  II,  317. 

See  Rollins,  A  Pepysian  Garland ,  1922,  p.  393. 

Whitelocke’s  Memorials ,  1732,  p.  39. 

i5 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Pamphlets,  Play-books,  and  Ballads,  as  namely,  Ovids  fits  of  Love,  the 
Parliament  of  Women  [which]  came  out  at  the  dissolving  of  the  last 
Parliament,  Barnes  Poems,  Barkers  Ballads  in  disgrace  of  Religion,  to 
the  increase  of  all  vice,  and  withdrawing  of  people  from  reading, 
studying,  and  hearing  the  Word  of  God,  and  other  good  Bookes.21 

The  Bishops  were  not  always  praised  by  street-poets. 
The  anonymous  author  of  “The  Bishops’  Last  Good¬ 
night”  (No.  10)  was  rabidly  anti-episcopal,  enthusias¬ 
tically  Puritan.  Such,  too,  was  the  attitude  of  Laurence 
Price.  He  wrote,  for  example,  A  new  Disputation  Be- 
tweene  the  two  Lordly  Bishops,  Y orke  and  Canterbury. 
With  a  discourse  of  many  passages  which  have  hapned 
since  they  were  committed  to  the  Tower  of  London — a 
copy  dated  February  15,  1642,  purports  to  be  the  fifth 
edition22 — an  abusive  pamphlet  that  shows  how  widely 
he  and  Martin  Parker  differed  in  their  religious  and 
political  views. 

In  1642,  indeed,  Parker,  with  Thomas  Herbert  and 
John  Taylor,  the  Water  Poet,  was  regarded  as  a  thor¬ 
oughly  objectionable  defender  of  the  episcopacy,  as  “the 
prelates’  poet.”  Accordingly,  all  three  were  attacked  in 

The  Popes  Proclamation :  Together  With  the  Lawes 
and  Ordinances  established  by  him  and  his  Shavelings 
(1641)23: 

2.  We  appoynt  lohn  Taylor ,  Martin  Barker ,  Herbert ,  and  all  three 
English  Poeticall,  Papisticall,  Atheisticall  Ballad  makers,  to  put  in 
print  rime  doggery  from  the  river  of  Styx  against  the  truest  Prot¬ 
estants,  railing  lines  and  in  the  end  young  Gregory  \Brandon ,  the 
hangman]  shall  be  their  pay -master. 

The  three  “poets”  were  close  friends.  Parker  mentions 

21  A  reprint  is  in  Rushworth’s  Historical  Collections,  III,  i,  94. 

*2  J.  P.  Collier,  A  Bibliographical  and  Critical  Account  of  the  Rarest  Books, 

II,  186;  E.  1113  (2).  23  E.  164  (9). 

16 


INTRODUCTION 


the  other  two  a  number  of  times;  Herbert  speaks  flatter¬ 
ingly  of  Parker;  and  Taylor,  though  not,  I  believe,  men¬ 
tioning  Parker  by  name,  refers  to  him  in  Taylors  Feast 
(1638)  as  one  of  the  “choicest  wits”  of  the  time.  Parker 
and  the  Water  Poet  were  constantly  associated  by 
envious  or  sarcastic  writers.  Of  these  writers,  Samuel 
Sheppard,  though  for  a  time  linked  with  the  two  in 
publishing  Royalist  news-books,  reveals  the  most  curious 
attitude.  He  sneers  frankly  at  them  both  in  his  Times 
Displayed  (1646), 24  in  his  comedy  of  The  Committee 
Man  Curried  (1647), 25  and  in  his  Jovial  Crew  (1651)  ;2b 
but  in  his  Epigrams  (1651) 27  he  derides  “M.  P.’s  son¬ 
nets”  while  praising  Taylor  even  to  the  extent  of  com¬ 
paring  him  with  Ben  Jonson.  The  author  of  Taylors 
Physicke  (1641),  however,  considered  the  Water  Poet  a 
shameless  ballad-monger,  “the  Bawdes  Poet,”  distin¬ 
guished  by  “scurrilous,  oylye  sonetting,  and  pandrall 
Poetry,  to  stirre  up  luxury  in  the  clients.”28  To  John 
Thomas29  (the  anonymous  author  of  Mercuries  Mes¬ 
sage30)  and  other  pamphleteers  who  had  ridiculed  them, 
Herbert,  Taylor,  and  Parker  replied.  Taylor  doubtless 
triumphed  over  his  adversaries,  for  he  was  a  master  in 
scurrilous  controversy;  Parker  certainly  appears  to  good 
advantage  in  his  poem  The  Poet’s  Blind  man1  s  Bough  (or 
Buff),  where  he  dealt  out  blows  to  Mercuries  Message, 
to  The  Popes  Procla?nation,  and  to  Vox  Borealis;  but 

24  p.21.  25  p.  7.  26  p.  8. 

27  PP.  55-56,  148-149.  2sSig.  A  3. 

29  “John  Thom-asse,  that  Episcopall  Castillion;  that  drawes  twelve  three-penny 
ordinaries  through  his  throat  at  one  meal,  lets  out  non-sense  to  hire  of  his  own  covn- 
ing;  and  commits  fornication  with  a  penny  worth  of  wit,  out  of  Scoggins  jeasts.” 
— Mercurius  Mslancholicus  (almost  certainly  under  Parker’s  editorship)  in  its 
issue  for  January  22—29,  1648,  p.  129. 

20  Cf.  p.  10,  note  9,  above. 


17 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Herbert  was  not  successful  with  his  Answer  to  the  Most 
Envious ,  Scandalous ,  and  libelous  Pamphlet  intitled 
Mercuries  Message  (  1641 ). 

In  “A  Postscript  to  Thomas  Herbert”  added  to  A 
Second  Message  to  William  Laud  (1641),  the  unlucky 
ballad-writer  (who  is  confused  in  the  Dictionary  of  Na¬ 
tional  Biography  with  a  much  more  important  Thomas 
Herbert)  is  thus  described: 

His  long  shag’d  lockes,  and  tatter’d  coat  him  tell, 

For  Reputation  he  can  have  no  more, 

Hee’s  run  so  deepely  in  the  chandlers  score, 

And  those  sociats  with  whom  he  is  partaker, 

At  best  they  are  but  wretched  balladmakers. 

“The  Authors  Answer  will  come  forth  ere  long,”  it  is 
promised ;  and  but  a  short  time  passed  before  the  answer 
appeared  under  the  title  of  Mercuries  Message  Defended , 
against  the  vain ,  foolish ,  simple,  and  absurd  cavils  of 
Thomas  Herbert,  a  ridiculous  Ballad-maker  (1641).31 
This  book  informs  us  that  “ Herbert  a  poor  threedbare 
ballad-maker”  lived  in  “a  company  of  louzy  Ballad- 
singers.”  It  continues: 

One  day  being  necessitated  to  passe  through  a  stinking  Alley,  in  a 
blinde  alehouse,  1  heard  a  crew  of  roaring  Ballad-singers  trouling  out 
a  merry  Ballad  called,  The  more  Knaves  the  better  company.  And 
one  amongst  the  rest  cried  out,  Well  sung  Herbert ,  who  as  it  seems, 
bore  up  the  base  amongst  them,  and  in  that  deboist  manner  consumeth 
his  time,  and  when  his  money  is  all  spent,  (as  for  the  most  part  it  is 
six  or  seven  times  a  week)  wrrites  a  new  merry  book,  a  good  godly 
Ballad,  or  some  such  excellent  piece  of  stuffe  even  as  the  droppings  of 
the  spigot  inliveneth  his  muddy  muse,  to  put  his  feeble  purse  in  fresh 
stocke  again:  looking  in  at  the  name  Herbert ,  and  seeing  such  a  poore 

31  E.  160  (13)  and  Harvard  Library. 

18 


INTRODUCTION 


ragged  companion,  I  tooke  him  rather  to  be  some  dung-hill  rakers  page, 
than  a  lackey  to  the  Muses. 

Unfortunately  none  of  Herbert’s  poetry  is  suitable  for 
this  volume.  Most  of  his  ballads,  too,  have  long  since 
disappeared,  but  their  titles  are  interesting.  He  wrote, 
Mercuries  Message  Defended  declares,  a  ballad  or  two 
“of  the  life  and  death  of  William  Laud  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury :  who  was  executed,  &c.  leaving  a  space  to 
put  in  the  day  of  the  moneth,”  a  book  called  “ Romes 
ABC  consisting  altogether  of  jeeres  for  the  Bishops,” 
and  “a  ballad  called,  Alas  poor  scholar ,32  (For  no  other 
workes  of  yours  can  I  alleage,  unlesse  it  be  Dicke  and 
Robing  the  downefall  of  the  new  Bear-garden ,34  or  the 
like.)”  Fie  is  satirized  also  in  J.  B.’s  The  Poets'  Knavery 
Discovered  ( ca .  1641 )  as  a  poet  who  “Harberd  his  froathy 
Muse  in  the  Rheumaticke  exhalations  of  muddy  taplash, 
which  made  his  fancy  so  extreamely  dull,  that  when  he 
writ  anything,  every  What  lack  you  Sir ,  or  Stationers 
Apprentice  could  conceive  it  to  be  Harberts  Lye.”  Abuse 
like  this  indicates  that  Thomas  Herbert  was  a  clever  and 
popular  ballad-writer.  It  is  a  pity  that  almost  every¬ 
thing  he  wrote  is  now  unknown  and  that  he  himself 

32  This  statement  seems  to  dispose  of  the  claim  of  Dr.  Robert  Wild  (see  Rox- 
burghe  Ballads,  VI,  455)  to  the  authorship  of  “Alas,  poore  Scholler.”  A  MS. 
copy,  of  the  date  1641,  is  preserved  in  the  Diary  of  John  Rous  (Camden  So¬ 
ciety  ed.,  p.  115).  Cf.  also  p.  179,  below.  Romes  A  B  C  =  E.  156  (15). 

33  “A  dialogue  between  Dicke  &  Robin”  was  registered  for  publication  on 
February  5,  1641.  Cf.  Hazlitt’s  Handbook,  1867,  s.v.  “Herbert.” 

34  This  ballad,  “To  the  tune  of  So  old,  so  old,”  is  added  to  Herbert’s  N ewes 
out  of  Islington,  1641  (reprinted  by  J.  O.  Halliwell-Phillipps,  p.  29).  For  a 
pamphlet  called  A  guide  to  salvation,  registered  under  Herbert’s  name  on  Sep¬ 
tember  24,  1641,  see  the  Stationers’  Register,  ed.  Eyre,  I,  34.  Probably  Herbert 
was  the  T.  H.  whose  initials  appear  on  several  pamphlets  that  are  usually,  but 
mistakenly,  attributed  to  Thomas  Heywood.  Cf.  also  the  introductory  note  to 
No.  8,  below. 


19 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


disappears  from  view  on  the  outbreak  of  the  Great  Rebel¬ 
lion.  That  he  was  a  Royalist  his  Newes  out  of  Islington 
shows. 

Perhaps  he  went  to  war  with  his  fellow  ballad-writers, 
for  most  of  them,  in  one  way  or  another,  did  rally  to  the 
support  of  the  King.  Nor  were  their  efforts  despicable. 
The  ballad  of  “When  the  King  Enjoys  His  Own  Again” 
(“ Martin  Parker  never  got  a  fairer  Brat,”  says  The 
Gossips'  Feast ,  164730),  which  appeared  in  its  earliest 
form  in  1643,  is  universally  admitted  to  have  played  no 
small  part  in  keeping  up  the  spirits  of  the  Royalists  and 
in  bringing  about  the  Restoration.  A  loyal  ballad  printed 
in  this  book  (No.  55)  indicates  that  Thomas  Robins  fol¬ 
lowed  Parker’s  example.  What  part,  if  any,  Samuel 
Smithson,  John  Lookes,  Humphrey  Crouch,  Thomas  Joy, 
and  Thomas  Jones  played  in  the  war  is  not  ascertainable. 
For  few  ballads  were  signed  during  the  years  1642—1659. 
As  the  editor — probably  Alexander  Brome — of  Rump: 
Or  An  Exact  Collection  of  the  Choycest  Poems  and  Songs 
Relating  to  the  Tate  Times  (1662)  remarks:  “We  have 
not  subjoyned  any  Authors  Names;  heretofore  it  was 
unsafe,  and  now  the  Gentlemen  conceive  it  not  so  proper. 
’Tis  hoped  they  did  His  Majesty  some  Service,  ’twas  for 
that  end  they  were  scribbled  .  .  .  and  ’tis  wondrous 
happy  to  see  how  many  are  his  Majesties  Faithfull  Sub¬ 
jects,  who  were  ready  to  hang  the  Authors  of  these 
Ballads .”  Laurence  Price,  however,  is  thought  to  have 
been  a  renegade:  certainly  he  affected  a  peculiar  moral¬ 
izing  and  sanctimonious  tone,  as  in  his  prose  pamphlet 
on  England' s  Unhappy  Changes  (  1648),  that  was  greatly 
at  variance  not  only  with  the  spirit  of  the  Royalists  but 

35  p.  s. 


20 


INTRODUCTION 


also  with  the  licentiousness  of  his  work  during  the  last 

days  of  the  Protectorate. 

* 

Poets  like  John  Taylor,  Alexander  Brome,  and  John 
Cleveland  sometimes  composed  ballads,  but  more  fre¬ 
quently  still  did  the  ballad-writers  turn  to  pamphleteer¬ 
ing.  In  1641,  one  J.  B.,  writing  The  Poets'  Knavery  Dis¬ 
covered,  expressed  his  disgust  at  the  three  hundred 
pamphlets  that  had  already  appeared  since  Strafford’s 
execution:  “The  temporizing  Poets  have  broached  such 
impudent  scurrility,  and  ementitious  Pamphlets  out  of  the 
inexhaustible  mintage  of  their  roving  fancies,  that  the 
whole  City  is  embroydred  with  nothing  but  incredible 
lyes.”  Three  poets  in  particular — Bray,  Walker,  and 
Herbert — are  named.36  Their  products  are  said  to  be 
“such  sencelesse,  stigmatick,  ballad  Balderdash:  As  our 
every  Street-Cantors  .  .  .  shrug  to  heare  it.”  The 
increase  in  the  number  of  news-pamphlets  was  indeed 
great.  A  Presse  full  of  Pamphlets  (1642)  accounts  for 
it  thus: 

The  first  Inventors  of  the  Art  of  Printing  Pamphlets  .  .  .  was 
Clerks,  or  a  Clerk,  as  it  is  supposed,  who  being  but  a  single  man,  could 
not  be  contented  to  live  of  15  s.  the  week.  .  .  .  But  in  hope  of  more 
gain  to  himself,  by  undoing  of  others,  put  the  first  Copy  of  the 
Diurnall  Occurrence  that  was  printed  to  a  Printer,  and  then  came  all 
other  things  true  and  false  to  the  Presse.37 

Ill 

Parliament  was  determined  in  its  resistance  to  the  flood 
of  pamphlets.  On  October  9,  1643,  it  passed  an  ordi¬ 
nance  prohibiting  the  sale  of  pamphlets,  libels,  and  news- 
books  in  the  streets  of  the  City  of  London  and  the  Liber- 

j 

36  Sig.  A  2.  37  Sig.  A  3. 


21 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

ties,  reviving  the  old  Elizabethan  and  Jacobean  laws 
against  rogues  and  vagabonds  to  cover  the  offenses  of 
vendors.1  A  few  months  later  it  empowered  its  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Examinations  to  employ  searchers  for  printers 
of  lying  and  scandalous  pamphlets  and  to  demolish  the 
presses  and  imprison  their  owners,  a  measure  probably 
aimed  also  at  scandalous  ballads.  The  first  result  of  these 
measures  was  an  astonishing  increase  in  the  number  of 
licensed  news-pamphlets.  Beginning  in  1643,  and  for  years 
thereafter,  the  Clerk  of  the  Stationers’  Company  seldom 
used  his  pen  except  to  register  the  various  Diurnal  s , 
The  Kingdom? s  Weekly  Intelligencer ,  The  Parliament 
Scout ,  Certain  Informations  from  Several  Parts  of  the 
Kingdom ,  Mercurius  Brita?inicus,  and  Mercurius  Civicus, 
all  of  which  were,  of  course,  pro-Parliament  pamphlets. 
The  Royalist  Mercurius  Aulicus ,  which  first  appeared  at 
Oxford  in  January,  1644,  announced  in  its  issue  for 
February  17  that  there  were  “22  several  Newes-men”  in 
London,  and  concluded  each  of  its  subsequent  issues  by 
retorting  to  the  “lies”  they  told. 

The  three  ballads  registered  during  1643  were  entitled 
“England’s  Lamentation  in  Great  Distress,”  “The  Dis¬ 
contented  Lover,”  and  “Heaven  Is  Angry,  Lord  Send 
Peace.”  What  seems  to  be  a  fragment  of  the  last  ballad 
is  preserved  in  the  Manchester  Collection2: 

Great  God  of  gods  to  thee  I  pray, 

That  thou  wilt  turne  thy  wrath  away, 

Twixt  King  and  Parliament  send  peace, 

•And  grant  that  civill  warres  may  cease, 

Amen,  amen,  all  good  men  prayes, 

And  then  we  shall  see  happy  dayes. 

1  669.  f.  7  (49).  2 II,  47. 


22 


INTRODUCTION 


Many  unlicensed  ballads  were  secretly  printed  in  1643, 
among  them  Parker’s  “When  the  King  Enjoys  His  Own 
Again.”  For  allowing  her  son  and  her  guests  “to  singe 
reproachfull  songs  in  her  [ale-]  howse  against  the  Par¬ 
liament,”  Mrs.  Dorothy  Crowch  was  called  before  the 
civil  authorities  on  July  1,  1644,  and  bound  over  to  the 
next  Sessions  of  the  Peace.3  Possibly  some  of  the  songs 
thus  objected  to  came  from  loyal  presses  in  Oxford  and 
York.  William  Web,  of  Oxford,  in  particular,  printed 
loyal  ballads  continually.4  In  contrast  to  them  is  Wil¬ 
liam  Starbucke’s  “A  Spirituall  Song  of  Comfort  or  In- 
couragement  to  the  Souldiers  that  now  are  gone  forth  in 
the  Cause  of  Christ,”  u  a  London  production  highly  laud¬ 
atory  of  the  army  of  Parliament. 

Except  for  “The  Lovely  London  Lass  Long  Lament¬ 
ing  for  a  Husband”  (1647)  and  “The  King’s  Last 
Farewell”  (1649:  No.  28),  no  further  ballads  were 
entered  at  Stationers’  Hall  until  1676.  But  hundreds 
were  written  and  sold.  Several  on  the  execution  of 
Archbishop  Laud  (1645)  are  preserved.0  To  the  year 
1645  also  belongs  “A  Common  Observation”  (No.  14). 
Mercurius  Civicus ,  September  18-25,  1645,  angrily  re¬ 
ports  that  when  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  summoned  the  town 
and  castle  of  the  Devizes,  in  Wiltshire,  to  surrender,  he 
received  in  reply  a  taunting  ballad  “To  the  Tune  of  1 
tell  thee  Jack”  which  began  “Believe  it,  friend,  we  care 
not  for  you,”  and  which  was  tied  “about  a  dogs  necke 
in  defiance  of  us.”  The  successes  of  the  Parliamentary 

3  J.  C.  Jeaffreson,  Middlesex  County  Records ,  III,  178. 

4  E.g.,  “The  City,”  and  “Pyms  Juncto,”  Lord  Crawford’s  Catalogue ,  Nos.  326 
and  1215. 

6  Ibid.,  No.  228. 

6  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads ,  I,  13;  Roxburghe  Ballads,  VII,  612  £f. 

23 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

army  increased  the  production  of  “malignant7  7  songs  in 
London.  During  1646  they  were  especially  numerous. 
Many  took  the  form  of  litanies,  presumably  in  despite 
of  the  Puritans,  whose  objection  to  the  established  form 
of  worship  they  typified  was  notorious.  “Mr.  Finis,”  an 
audacious  writer  who  is  possibly  to  be  identified  with 
Martin  Parker,  wrote  “The  Parliament’s  Knell”7;  an 
anonymous  author  produced  in  newspaper  style  a  ballad 
of  “Three  Horrible  Murthers,”  s  dealing  with  the  family 
of  George  Roe  of  Winchester,  September  9,  1646;  but 
the  majority  of  writers  were  interested  in  ridiculing  such 
bodies  as  the  Assembly  that  Parliament  had  appointed  in 
1644  to  reform  the  ceremonies  of  the  Church.  In  his 
Gangraena  (1646),  a  bitter  attack  on  religious  sects, 
Thomas  Edwards  complained:  “The  Assembly  who 
sits  by  Ordinance  of  Parliament,  have  they  not  been 
fearfully  abused  .  .  .  lately  by  a  Ballad  made  of 
them,  having  a  first  and  second  part,  wherein  they  are 
scoffed  with  the  title  of  Black-bird  Divines ?  The  name 
of  the  Ballad  against  the  Assembly  of  Divines  is  called, 
A  Prophecie  of  the  Swineherds  destruction.  To  the  tune 
of  the  merry  Souldier ,  or  the  joviall  Tinker;  and  two 
men  pictured  at  the  upper  end  of  it,  with  the  inscription 
of  Sir  lohn  Presbyter  and  Sir  Simo?i  Synod.  This  Ballad 
calls  the  Assembly  Swineherds,  saith  These  Swineherds 
they  are  sitting  to  build  old  Babells  Tower:  And  in  this 
Ballad  the  Directory  [cf.  page  366,  below]  made  by  the 
Assembly,  and  established  by  Ordinance,  is  scoffed  at, 
and  the  Assembly  is  brought  in,  and  jeered  at  for  being 

Lord  Crawford’s  Catalogue,  No.  389;  cf.  Wright’s  Political  Ballads ,  pp.  50, 
52,  55. 

8  Manchester  Collection,  II,  21. 


24 


INTRODUCTION 


against  Anabaptists,  Brownists,  Independents:  and  they 
are  in  that  Ballad  call’d  Baals  Priests.” 9  In  striking  con¬ 
trast  to  this  lost  “Prophecy”  are  “The  downfall  of 
women  Preachers,  Or,  Mrs.  Abbigale  upon  her  last 
Text”10  and  “The  Anabaptists  Out  of  Order”  (No.  18), 
ballads  directed  at  the  sects  and  separatists  whose  activ¬ 
ities  were  the  despair  of  the  Divines. 

Not  all  ballads,  by  any  means,  were  favorable  to  the 
King’s  party.  Very  hostile  is  a  unique  but  unfortunately 
sorety  mutilated  fragment  at  Manchester  on  the  enforced 
departure  from  England  of  the  Princes  Maurice  and 
Rupert  (July,  1646).  The  princes  carry  on  a  dialogue, 
of  which  the  opening  stanza  may  be  quoted  as  a 
specimen : 

Come  Maurice  my  Brother, 

Let  us  go  together, 

[T]ake  Shipping  and  saile  to  our  Country  againe. 

In  truth  Brother  Rufert 
Would  Ide  not  come  hither, 

[Su]ch  is  my  hard  fortune  as  makes  me  complaine. 

[W]hy  Maurice  thou  knowst  we  have  Gold  in  our  purses. 

[Yes]  Rufert  and  with  that  a  thousand  mens  curses, 

[It]  rends [?  ]  on  my  conscients  what  way  shall  I  shun  them, 
[T]he  country  complaining  yes  out  we’ve  undone  them, 

So  that  we  are  forc't  to  bid  England  adue d1 


The  dialogue  grows  coarser  as  it  proceeds,  Maurice  taunt¬ 
ing  Rupert  with  being  “a  Buzzard  Which  hath  both  thine 
Uncle  and  Honour  thus  sold.”  As  the  sheet  was  printed 
by  the  Presbyterian  John  Hammond,  hostility  is  natural. 

9  Part  II,  p.  128.  Cf.  C.  H.  Firth,  Ps.oyal  Historical  Society  Transactions ,  3rd  S., 

VI,  54. 

10  Manchester  Collection,  II,  25. 

11  Ibid. y  II,  27;  Roxburghe  Balladsy  VIII,  Pt.  1,  xxiii. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


It  is,  nevertheless,  not  necessarily  hostile  to  Charles  I 
(no  unfavorable  mention  of  him  occurs  in  the  fragment). 
Charles  himself  had  removed  Rupert  from  the  general¬ 
ship  of  the  royal  army  on  September  14,  1645,  as  a  result 
of  the  prince’s  rashness  at  Naseby. 

With  the  defeat  and  imprisonment  of  the  King,  it 
seemed  as  if  ballad-printing,  as  well  as  all  other  uncen¬ 
sored  publication,  was  doomed.  The  Long  Parliament 
passed  law  after  law  to  suppress  tracts  and  ballads  of 
malignant,  or  Royalist,  tendencies.  Rigid  surveillance  of 
the  press  obtained;  innumerable  spies,  or  searchers,  were 
hired.  Sir  Francis  Wortley  wrote  a  ballad  beginning: 

Blesse  the  printer  from  the  searcher, 

And  from  the  houses  takers! 

Blesse  Tom  from  the  slash;  from  BridewePs  lash, 

Blesse  all  poore  ballad-makers! 

Those  who  have  writ  for  the  king,  for  the  good  king.12 

In  January,  1647,  Charles  I  was  sequestered  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  and  communication  with  him  was  made 
high  treason.  On  February  3,  the  House  of  Commons 
empowered  a  committee  headed  by  Miles  Corbet  and  Sir 
Christopher  Yelverton  to  suppress  “the  publishing  in  the 
streets,  by  ballad-singers,  of  pamphlets  and  ballads  scan¬ 
dalous  to  the  Parliament,”  and  at  the  same  time  ordered 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  and  the  Justices  of  Peace  of 
the  suburban  towns  to  suppress  ballad-singing  and  to 
punish  all  “ballad-singers  and  such  loose  persons.”13  Six 
days  later,  the  Committee  on  Scandalous  Pamphlets  was 
given  power  to  meet  when  and  where  it  pleased.14 

12  Wright,  Political  Ballads,  p.  106. 

13  J ournals  of  the  House  of  Commons,  V,  73. 

14  Ibid.,  V,  82. 


26 


INTRODUCTION 


Ballads  continued  to  pour  out  in  great  numbers,  but 
most  of  them,  like  “Cromwells  Panegyrick,” 10  were 
attended  with  danger  for  author,  printer,  and  singer. 
Expenses  of  printing  now  became  a  considerable  item: 
perhaps  they  caused  the  striking  change  in  the  mechan¬ 
ical  form  of  the  more  satirical  ballads.  These — usually 
called  “political” — came  to  be  printed  in  “white-letter” 
(roman  and  italic)  instead  of  black-letter  type,  and  many 
were  printed  on  narrow  slips  instead  of  the  conventional 
folio  broadside.  Colophons  and  authors’  names  or  initials 
are  conspicuous  by  their  rarity.  Parker  now  saw  a  vital 
reason  for  anonymity,  and  could  no  longer  boast,  as  in 
1641,  that 


Whatever  yet  was  published  by  me 
Was  known  by  Martin  Parker  or  M.  P. 

Instead  the  sheets  sometimes  are  signed  by  “Mr.  Finis” 
and  are  said  to  have  been  “Printed  in  a  Hollow  Tree  for 
the  Good  of  the  State,”16  but  customarily  they  have 
neither  colophon  nor  signature. 

It  is  worthy  of  note,  however,  that  Sir  Francis 
Wortley,  in  the  Tower  where  his  loyalty  to  the  King  had 
sent  him,  wrote  and  signed  many  ballads  without  con¬ 
cealment.  One  of  them  lists  all  the  “loyall  traytors”  in 
the  Tower,  to  whom  Charles  I  had  sent  a  present  of  two 
fat  bucks.17  Ballads  of  anti-Royalist  tendencies  had,  of 
course,  few  obstacles  to  overcome:  one  of  these,  “Truth 
Flatters  Not”  (1647) — which  presents  for  the  under¬ 
standing  of  “mean  capacities”  the  “true  effigies,  life,  and 

15  Lord  Crawford’s  Catalogue ,  No.  1046. 

16  Cf.  Nos.  39,  42,  and  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads ,  I,  53. 

17  Wright,  Political  Ballads,  p.  88. 


27 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


habit  of  a  self-exalting  clergy” — was  written  by  T.  P., 
allowed  by  the  official  licenser,  Mabbott,  and  printed 
by  J.  Coe.ls 

But  friends  of  Parliament  had  little  of  the  gift  of 
song.  “Perhaps,”  says  Professor  Sir  Charles  Firth,  “it  was 
because  the  poets  were  all  on  the  King’s  side  that  the 
Puritan  armies  sang  psalms  rather  than  war-songs.”  Far 
different  with  the  King’s  friends!  In  particular  John 
Cleveland’s  ballads  are  distinguished  by  biting  satire. 
Among  them  are  a  caustic  description  of  “The  Puritan” 
and  a  song  ridiculing  the 

Most  gracious,  omnipotent, 

And  everlasting  Parliament, 

Whose  power  and  majestie 
Is  greater  then  all  kings  by  odds.19 


Another  writer  in  1647  produced  “A  Review  of  Rebel¬ 
lion,  in  Three  Parts,”20  enumerating  the  unpopular  acts 
of  Parliament — its  abolition  of  stage-plays,  of  the  old 
holidays,  of  the  episcopacy — and  concluding  with  a  plea 
for  the  restoration  of  Charles  I : 

If  now  you  would  know  what  remedie 
There  may  for  all  these  mischiefes  be, 

Then  must  king  Charles  alone 
Be  set  upon  his  throne, 

For  which  let’s  joyne  in  one  with  might  and  maine; 

For  the  times  will  never  mend, 

Till  the  Parliament  do  end, 

And  the  king  injoves  his  right  againe. 

1S  Wright,  Political  Ballads,  p.  99. 

]9  Ibid.,  p.  9;  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads,  I,  28,  71. 

20  Wright,  op.  cit.,  p.  13. 


28 


INTRODUCTION 


“Hold  out,  brave  Charles,  and  thou  shalt  win  the 
field,”21  sang  one  poet  to  encourage  the  King  in  his 
refusal  to  accede  to  the  demands  of  his  jailers.  Another, 
evidently  of  some  social  standing,  wrote  a  satiric  ballad 
on  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax’s  army,  which  had  just  taken  up 
quarters  at  Whitehall,  to  inform  his  readers  that  Colonel 
Hewson  was  a  shoemaker,  Colonel  Pride  a  drayman,  and 
Cromwell,  ex-brewer,  a  .usurping  king.22  More  curious 
still  is  the  ballad  of  “The  Penitent  Traytor,”  which  pro¬ 
fesses  to  be  the  lamentation  of  “a  Devonshire  gentleman, 
who  was  condemned  for  high  treason,  and  executed  at 
Tyburn  for  the  same,  in  the  reign  of  King  Henry  III, 
the  nineteenth  of  July,  1267.”  23  Though  the  ballad  gives 
marginal  references  to  Stow’s  Annals ,  it  is  a  cleverly 
veiled  account  of  the  civil  wars  of  Charles  I,  told  by  a 
Royalist  and  directed  at  Pym.  It  concludes: 

How  would  I  blesse  thee,  couldst  thou  take  away 
My  life  and  infamie  both  in  one  day; 

But  this  in  ballads  will  survive,  I  know, 

Sung  to  that  solemne  tune,  Fortune,  my  foe. 

Hawkers  and  ballad-singers  flourished  in  spite  of  the 
laws  requiring  their  suppression  and  in  spite  of  occasional 
mishaps.  “The  running  Stationers  of  London ,”  remarked 
Quarterman  (the  Marshal  of  the  Marshalsea)  to  Water- 
ton  (High  Constable  of  Wapping),  in  an  undated 
pamphlet  called  Knaves  Are  No  Honest  Men ,2i  “I  meane 
such  as  use  to  sing  Ballads,  and  those  that  cryes  Malig- 

-1  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads,  I,  38.  2“  Ibid.,  I,  65. 

23  Wright,  Political  Ballads,  p.  30.  Briefer  and  somewhat  different  versions  are 
in  MS.  Rawlinson  Poet.  152,  fols.  5—7,  and  the  Rump ,  1662  (reprint,  I,  53). 

24  Cambridge  University  Library,  Bb.  12.  59  (G),  pp.  13— 14;  cf.  J.  P.  Collier’s 
A  Bibliographical  and  Critical  Account,  I,  439. 

29 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

nant  Pamphlets  in  the  Streets,  have  all  laid  their  heads 
together,  and  are  framing  a  bill  of  indytement  against  us, 
because  divers  times  to  show  the  power  of  our  Authority, 
we  have  taken  perforce  or  torne  their  ridiculous  Papers.” 
Just  how  the  singer  and  his  audience  often  acted  towards 
such  interruptions  by  Parliament’s  officers  is  told  in 
Water  ton’s  reply:  “By  the  masse  I  thought  that  some¬ 
thing  was  the  matter  that  made  the  knave  so  sawcie  on 
Tower-Hill  the  other  day,  for  I  did  but  bid  him  to  be 
gone,  and  not  to  stand  bawling  of  his  Ballads  in  that 
manner,  and  he  told  me  that  he  would  sing  there  when 
I  was  hang’d,  nay,  perhaps  (quoth  he)  one  that  shall  be 
thy  owne  Execution.  .  .  .  I’me  sure  the  knave  pray’d 
both  for  the  King,  and  the  Queene  too,  in  the  conclusion. 
[The  people]  were  more  readier  to  uphold  him  in  his 
knaverie,  and  breake  my  pate.” 

If  ballads  are  a  criterion,  popular  sympathy  was  over¬ 
whelmingly  for  the  King.  Such  sympathy  the  ballad- 
writers  and  the  street-singers  did  not  attempt  to  hide ;  so 
that  even  into  “The  Maidens  merry  meeting,  Or,  the 
Maidens  healths”  25 — the  title  of  which  was  hardly  cal¬ 
culated  to  arouse  suspicion — the  writer  thrust  this  stanza : 

A  health  to  King  Charles , 
to  his  Lords  and  his  Earles, 

Lord  send  him  long  for  to  reigne 
Prosper  and  guide  him, 

Let  no  ill  betide  him. 

I  hofe  for  to  see  him  a  game  boyes , 

1  ho'fre  for  to  see  him  againe. 

'Mercurius  Elencticus  in  its  issue  for  November  12—19, 
1647,  reports  that  “on  Sunday  last  there  were  Papers 

20  Manchester  Collection,  II,  55. 

30 


INTRODUCTION 


pasted  up  in  many  Churches,  and  upon  severall  Gates 
and  Posts  throughout  the  City,  inciting  the  People  to  rise/5 
Even  the  journalistic  “Strange  and  True  News55  26  of  an 
ocean  of  flies  that  dropped  out  of  a  cloud  on  the  town  of 
Bodmin  in  Cornwall  during  1647  interprets  the  prodigy 
as  a  heavenly  warning  that  peace  will  never  return 
“Unless  our  gracious  king  enjoy  his  rights  and  dignities, 
his  queen,  and  every  thing.55  Such,  too,  is  the  strongly 
enforced  moral  of  “A  Harmony  of  Healths55  (No.  21). 

Though  very  many  ballads  of  the  year  1647  are  pre¬ 
served  (cf.  Nos.  20—24),  yet  the  number  is  small  when 
compared  to  the  pamphlets.  Most  of  the  ballad-writers, 
it  appears,  sooner  or  later  began  to  write  prose  booklets, 
the  superiority  of  which  over  ballads  for  personal  attacks 
and  effective  ridicule  was  beginning  to  be  felt,  largely 
because  of  the  comparative  newness  of  the  medium  and 
the  greater  space  at  the  writer’s  disposal.  The  number 
of  Royalist  pamphlets  soon  became  so  large  and  their 
attacks  on  Parliament  so  stinging  that  many  laws,  most 
of  them  for  a  time  ineffectual,  were  made  to  drive  them 
out  of  existence. 

The  “blue  laws55  passed  by  Parliament  had  much  to 
do  with  the  hostile  attitude  of  the  people  and  the  pamph¬ 
leteers.  The  ban  on  stage-plays  was  never  popular.  Nor 
was  the  ordinance  of  June  3,  1647,  which  forbade  cele¬ 
brations  of  the  Feast  of  the  Nativity  of  Christ.  Perhaps 
at  this  time  was  written  “A  Song  in  defence  of  Christ- 
mass,55  preserved  in  the  Rump  (  1662), 27  a  sarcastic  ballad 
on  the  Commons  who  “are  so  pure,  that  they  cannot 
endure  to  see  a  Nativity  P)^e.55 

26  Wright,  Political  Ballads ,  p.  38. 

2‘  I,  142  (reprint). 


31 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


IV 

From  1647  to  1651  the  history  of  the  ballad  is  closely 
linked  with  that  of  the  Royalist  news-book.  During  most 
of  that  time  Martin  Parker  played  a  role  of  great  impor¬ 
tance  among  the  Royalist  pamphleteers — John  Taylor, 
Samuel  Sheppard,  John  Cleveland,  John  Hackluyt,  and 
one  Crouch.  Others  of  Parker’s  profession  who  turned 
from  balladry  to  pamphleteering  are  often  referred  to. 
Mercurius  Militaris  (No.  2,  p.  18)  for  April,  1649, 
asserts  that  the  Royalist  Mercuries  are  penned  by  “Vain 
Ballad-makers,”  while  Mercurius  Pragmaticus^  rebukes 
a  counterfeit  Pragmaticus  whose  author  “shewes  him- 
selfe  to  bee  some  bumbast  Ballad  ?naker ,  as  may  appeare 
by  his  being  so  well  skild  in  Second  parts  to  the  same 
tune.”  Earlier,  Pragmaticus 2  had  scoffed  at  a  counter¬ 
feit  as  “a  pittifull  fellow  that  peeps  out  of  the  Presse  last 
week  under  the  Name  of  Pragmaticus ,  with  a  Ballad  on 
his  Breast  for  the  better  sale  of  the  rest.”  Parliament 
came  to  regard  ballad-writing  and  pamphleteering  as 
synonymous  and  equally  objectionable. 

The  first  of  the  Royalist  Mercuries,  Mercurius  Melan- 
cholicus;  or ,  Nezves  from  W estminster  and  other  Parts , 
was  published  by  a  Presbyterian  minister,  John  Hackluyt, 
on  September  4,  1647.  It  pictured  the  state  of  mind  of 
those  who  had  fought  against  the  King  in  such  a  way  as 
to  displease  both  Parliament  and  the  army,  while  the 
Royalists  were  offended  by  this  statement:  “The  King 
now  shall  enjoy  his  owne  againe  and  the  Royall  throne 
shall  be  arraied  with  the  glorious  presence  of  that  mortall 
Diety,  but  first  let  him  beare  his  charge,  for  ’tis  said,  his 

"  January  30,  1 649. 

32 


1  April  24— May  1,  1649. 


INTRODUCTION 


armies  having  lost  the  held,  theil  now  charge  him  home, 
there’s  a  trivial  thing  called  the  innocent  blood  of  three 
kingdomes  is  first  to  be  required  and  a  few  more  such 
sleight  matters  and  then  let  him  enjoy  it  if  he  can,  but 
for  your  further  instructions  herein  you  had  better  ask 
the  Parliament.” 3 

So  disloyal  a  reference  not  only  to  the  King  but  to  his 
own  famous  ballad  aroused  Parker’s  ire:  he  immediately 
composed  and  printed  a  Melancholicus ,  challenged  Hack- 
luyt’s  “claim  to  write  Melancholicus  at  all,”  and  even¬ 
tually  “beat  Hackluyt  out  of  the  held”;  and  his  paper, 
which  he  insisted  was  the  true  Melancholicus ,  can  some¬ 
times  be  distinguished  from  its  namesake  rival  by  its 
different  style.4  Readers  were  thus  treated  to  the  spec¬ 
tacle  of  two,5  and  then  three,  pamphlets  with  the  title 
of  Mercurius  Melancholicus ,  each  loudly  proclaiming  the 
others  to  be  counterfeits,  and  often  differing  in  but  a  few 
words.  For  example,  one  Melancholicus  (evidently 
Hackluyt’s)  for  September  17-24,  1647,  remarks: 

“ Martin  Parker ,  it  seems,  is  furnished  with  a  prophetick 
spirit,  for  I  heare  he  hath  penned  a  very  dolefull  Ballad, 
called  Luke  Harruneys  \i.e.,  Henry  Walker’s]  Confes¬ 
sion,  and  Lamentation  at  the  Gallowes,  to  the  tune  of  the 
Earle  of  Essex  last  good  night”;  while  Parker’s  Melan¬ 
cholicus  substitutes:  “ Merlin  is  furnished  with  a  Pro- 
pheticall  spirit,  and  hath  penned  a  dolefull  Ballad,  called 
Luke  Harruneys  Confession  and  Lamentation  at  the 
Gallows,  To  the  Tune  of  the  Earl  of  Essex  last  good 
night.” 

3  J.  B.  Williams,  A  History  of  English  Journalism,  p.  80.  4  Ibid.,  p.  81. 

5  Mercurius  Elencticus,  May  14—21,  1649,  complains  bitterly  of  a  counterfeit, 
but  admits  that  the  Parliament  may  soon  kill  both  the  counterfeit  and  the  original. 
So  also  complains  Mercurius  Pragmaticus  ( for  King  Charls  II),  May  8—15,  1649. 

33 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Thanks  to  the  following  comment  in  Mercurius  Mor- 
bicus  for  September  20-27,  1647,  Parker’s  editorship  of 
a  counterfeit  Melancholicus  is  an  established  fact: 

The  last  weeke  he  \M  elancholicus\  appeared  with  double  ( I  anus ) 
faces  under  one  hood.  But  this  weekes  appearance  is  no  lesse  then  a 
Cerberus  (a  triple  headed  monster)  the  joynt  furies  which  assisted  the 
first  two  being  now  divided,  by  cheating  one  another,  they  part  stakes 
and  exeunt. 

But  who  can  chuse  but  laugh  to  see  the  knaves  call  one  another  so, 
especially  when  Martin  Parker ,  and  Swallow  Crouch  are  the  other 
visible  heads,  joyne  with  Hacket  upon  the  body  of  this  Monster.  .  . 

Two  heads  of  the  Monster  are  alike  poysonous,  and  blow  the  same 
infection  together;  but  Hacket  (whose  proselytes  they  are)  spues  out 
the  venome  by  himselfe. 

What  then,  shall  I  encounter  with  a  triple  headed  fury?  were  they 
legions,  I  feare  them  not,  they  are  ...  at  enmity  amongst  them¬ 
selves;  What  (sayes  one  of  them)  another  Melancholicus ,  this  is  pro¬ 
digious ,  these  twins  have  one  name ,  but  not  one  father ;  if  you  goe 
about  to  affright  me  with  my  owne  shape ,  you  must  produce  one  more 
horrid.  Horrid  shapes  is  the  essentiall  part  of  Melancholicus ,  two  of 
them  6  tell  one  story,  of  peeping  through  the  pillory,  &  of  Propheticall 
spirits ,  and  of  lamentations  at  the  gallows.  This  was  collected  out  of 
M.  Hackets  notes  last  Newgate  Sessions,  where  he  was  a  great  soliciter 
for  the  malefactors,  fearing  that  if  Macqueere 7  had  been  hanged  for 
a  principle,  himselfe  would  have  been  found  an  accessary:  And  as  for 
Martin  Parkers  doleful  Ballad ,  there  was  some  reason  for  it,  when  he 
and  his  bride  were  both  carried  to  Newgate ,  the  same  day  they  were 
married. 

I  have  found  no  other  explicit  statement  that  Parker 
edited  Melancholicus ,  but  as  the  three  books  so  named 

6 /. e.,  the  two  issues  of  September  17—24,  1647,  quoted  on  page  33,  above. 

‘  John  Macquire,  an  Irishman,  formerly  an  officer  under  the  Earl  of  Essex,  was 
in  September,  1647,  sentenced  to  be  hanged  for  rioting  before  Newgate  in  a  jail 
delivery.  See  my  discussion  of  this  whole  passage  in  Modern  Philology ,  XIX 
(1921),  80-81. 


34 


INTRODUCTION 


were  published  sporadically  for  some  time,  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that,  except  during  intervals  of  hiding  and 
imprisonment,  Parker  continued  to  edit  his  counterfeit, 
lustily  claiming  it  as  the  original  paper. 

During  these  intervals  of  silence  some  friend  of  Par¬ 
ker’s,  like  John  Taylor,  took  up  his  work.  “Courteous 
Reader,”  runs  the  announcement  of  an  issue  (probably 
Parker’s)  of  Melancholic  us  for  July  17—24,  1648,  “take 
notice  of  a  false  Melancholicus  which  came  forth  on 
Fryday:  Numb.  46.  Printed  by  a  deaf  Schismatical 
Round-head”  (probably  Hackluyt).  Parenthetically  it 
may  be  added  that  Hackluyt’s  loyalty  was  vehemently 
and,  as  later  events  showed,  rightly  suspected  by  his 
associates,  and  that  the  question  of  which  was  the  true 
and  which  the  counterfeit  Melancholic  us  agitated  only 
the  respective  editors,  Parliament  objecting  with  equal 
bitterness  to  any  tract  published  under  that  name.  A 
Melancholicus  for  July  31— August  7,  1648,  again  appar¬ 
ently  attacks  Parker:  “Let  me  inform  you  Gentlemen, 
how  both  your  purses,  and  my  self  are  abused  by  a  brace 
of  bastard  Melancholicusses ,  that  would  perswade  me 
out  of  my  Christen  Name;  but  if  they  shall  but  dare  to 
peep  out  their  horns  the  next  week,  I  shall  so  cudgel 
them  in  again,  that  I  shall  make  them  known  to  their 
persecutors  at  Westminster,  and  make  Newgate  the  habi¬ 
tation  of  the  one  [ ^Sheppard],  and  Bridewel  of  the  other 
[^Parker].”  As  this  warning  passed  unheeded,  the  issue 
for  the  following  week  (August  7—14)  exposed  Parker 
and  John  (?)  Crouch  on  the  one  hand  and  Samuel 
Sheppard  on  the  other: 

Loving  and  Loyall  Reader,  once  more  I  am  forc’d  to  let  you  know 
how  greatly  I  am  abused  by  a  paire  of  brethren  in  iniquity,  the  one 

35 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


[Parker]  a  scrubbed  Pamphleter,  the  other  a  Crouch- backt  Printer, 
both  which  have  done  more  mischief  to  heroick  pens,  then  well  can  be 
imagined,  the  false  Melancholicus  differing  from  the  true,  as  much  as 
chawlk  from  cheese:  But  if  they  persist  to  abuse  your  expectations,  in 
my  next  I  promise  to  give  up  their  names  unto  the  publike:  that  which 
came  forth  last  Munday,  was  a  counterfeit  also,  his  small-beere  Rimes 
savouring  more  of  Arcadia ,  then  Pernassus ,  more  of  a  Sheppard  then  a 
Poet:  but  if  I  heare  him  creak  again,  lie  break  his  Pipe.  Farewell. 


Unfortunately  the  next  week’s  issue  did  not  carry  out 
these  threats,  and  Parker  was  spared  the  dangerous  pub¬ 
licity  we  should  now  like  to  read. 

On  September  27,  1647,  the  House  of  Commons 
passed  an  ordinance  forbidding  the  publication  of  any 
unlicensed  book,  pamphlet,  treatise,  or  ballad,  and  pro¬ 
viding  appropriate  penalties:  for  the  author,  a  fine  of 
forty  shillings  or  an  imprisonment  of  forty  days;  for  the 
printer,  twenty  shillings  or  twenty  days;  for  the  book¬ 
seller,  ten  shillings  or  ten  days.  The  pedlar,  hawker,  or 
ballad-singer  was  to  have  his  stock  confiscated  and  to  be 
publicly  flogged.8  To  Henry  Walker  was  entrusted  the 
delicate  task  of  detecting  the  unlicensed  printers;  and, 
according  to  Melancholicus  (October  9—16),  he  baited 
“his  mouse-traps  at  every  corner  of  the  City”  to  catch 
ballads  and  pamphlets.  So  unsuccessful  was  he  that  in 
October  the  Commons  passed  another  ordinance  for  the 

suppression  of  scandalous  pamphlets,  especially  Mer - 

« 

curius  Melancholicus  and  Mercurius  Pragmaticus,  order¬ 
ing  the  Committee  on  Scandalous  Pamphlets  to  find  out 
and  imprison  the  editors  and  printers  and  to  seize  the 
printing  presses.9  On  January  6  the  Committee  was 


s  Rushworth,  Historical  Collections,  IV,  II,  884. 
9  Ibid.,  p.  914. 


36 


INTRODUCTION 


ordered  to  meet  daily;10  on  January  11  it  was  given 
unlimited  powers;  and  it  soon  became  known  as  the 
Derby  House  Committee.11 

This  legislation,  however,  proved  ineffectual  except 
in  making  authors  and  printers  more  careful;  though  of 
course  ballad-singing  became  almost  impossible.  The 
fight  made  by  the  ballad-writers  and  pamphleteers  was 
one  for  a  fundamental  principle  of  liberty — freedom  of 
speech — and  was  also  being  fought  by  playwrights  and 
actors.  In  February,  1648,  the  House  of  Commons 
offered  rewards  for  the  discovery  of  the  editors  of  Prag- 
maticus  and  Melancholicus ,12  and  the  editor  (or  author) 
of  the  latter  wrote:  “But  £20  for  Melancholicus!  Come 
along  customers,  who  bids  more — he  will  yield  a  better 
price  than  this  in  Turkie.  Come  on  Mr.  Selden — the 
other  £20  and  then  he  shall  tell  you  more  of  his  minde — 
an  ordinance  for  it  too!”13  Great  efforts  were  now  made 
to  suppress  the  Mercuries.  Innumerable  spies  were 
employed — among  them  being  John  Partridge,  Fisk, 
Latham,  and  Booker  (“a  maker  of  Almanacks,  he  had 
two  handsome  daughters  &  kept  a  Wine  Ale-house”14), 
at  all  of  whom  Parker  had  scoffed  in  his  ballad  of  “When 
the  King  Enjoys  His  Own  Again.”  “I  have  more  to 
say,”  remarks  Melancholicus  (No.  6),  “  but  this  is  enough 
for  a  penny,  and  so  God  give  you  a  good  night:  Walker 
and  his  setting-Dogs  are  upon  the  scent.”  The  next  issue 
resumes  its  remonstrance  against  the  censorship  of  the 
press,  and  humorously  draws  comfort  from  temporary 
imprisonment:  “Witnesse  Melancholicus  and  Pragma - 

10  Rushworth,  Historical  Collections,  IV,  ii,  957. 

11  J.  B.  Williams,  A  History  of  English  Journalism ,  p.  90. 

"Rushworth,  op.  cit.,  IV,  ii,  1006. 

13  Williams,  op.  cit.,  p.  92.  14  Don  Zara  Del  Fogo  (1656),  ch.  II,  p.  11. 

37 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


ticus  his  brother,  who  were  stroke  dead  with  an  infectious 
Ordinance  from  the  Parliament  .  .  .  and  they  are  now 
alive  againe  and  as  lusty  as  ever  they  were  .  .  .  Me- 
thinks  I  am  somewhat  lighter-hearted  then  I  was;  I  see 
it  is  good  to  be  dead  a  while;  I  could  wish  (if  it  might 
be  without  offence)  the  Parliament  and  Army  dead 
too,  but  Pie  make  my  steel-rod  fetch  blood  on  ’em.” 
Mercurius  El enc ticus  (April  26— May  3,  1648)  iron¬ 
ically  informed  the  searchers:  “Be  confident  thou  shalt 
never  find  mee  out,  for  I  have  a  trick  to  walke  Invissible. 
I  can  every  day  Pry  into  the  secretest  of  the  Rebells 
counsells,  I  carry  a  Presse  in  my  Pocket ,  and  can  Print 
in  my  ClossetP  Later  (November  1—8),  when  a  reward 
for  its  suppression  had  been  offered,  the  paper  com¬ 
mented:  “Come  Thirty  pound  for  Elencticus ;  who  bids 
more?  for  just  so  much  is  offered,  and  a  Sunday  Pudding 
into  the  bargained ’  Parker  himself  probably  wrote  this 
comment  in  a  Melancholicus  for  July  17—24:  “What 
Melancholicus  apprehended  and  imprisoned?  Tush,  No 
such  thing,  they  say  one  Hacluyit  a  small  Sequestred 
Minister  is  confined  unto  Peter-house ,  where  there  is 
great  company  upon  my  credit;  or  thinke  you  that  there 
are  not  more  Melanchollicusses  then  one.” 

Throughout  the  year  1648  the  pamphleteers  were  con¬ 
tinually  being  arrested.  The  prisons  were  full,  but  the 
prisoners  usually  managed  to  escape  or  were  rescued  by 
Royalist  sympathizers.  On  August  9  the  House  of 
Commons1''  requested  from  the  Sergeant-at-Arms  a  list  of 
prisoners  who  had  been  rescued  or  who  had  escaped; 
but  this  inquiry  seems  to  have  done  no  good,  for,  on 
January  5,  1649,  the  House  again  ordered  that  “it  be 

lo  Journals,  V,  666. 


38 


INTRODUCTION 


referred  to  the  Committee  of  the  Tower,  to  examine  the 
Business  touching  Peter  House,  and  of  the  Escape  of  the 
Prisoners  from  thence;  and  to  consider  of  a  fit  House, 
to  be  appointed  for  the  Serjeant  at  Arms  that  attends 
this  House,  to  keep  his  Prisoners. ” 16 

Peter  House  was  Lord  Petre’s  house  in  Aldersgate 
Street,  the  usual  London  prison  for  Royalists,  controlled 
by  Henry  Cymball.  That  Parker  had  experienced 
Cymbal l’s  hospitality  or  had  stood  in  the  pillory  is  sug¬ 
gested  by  a  statement  in  the  first  issue  of  Mercurius 
Anti-Mer  cur  ius  (September  12—19,  1648):  “What 

Monster  is  this?  why  forsooth  it  is  Melancholicus  with 
three  heads,  whereof  two  are  counterfeits;  the  one 
[Parker]  studies  the  Lamentations  in  a  Cage,  the  second 
[Hackluyt]  lately  peep’d  through  a  Pillory,  the  third 
[  ?John  Crouch]  lyes  Crouch- ing  in  every  corner  for  feare 
of  a  Catch-poll.”  According  to  the  same  pamphlet, 
Samuel  Sheppard  was  then,  after  an  escape  from  prison, 
editing  Mercurius  Dogmaticus.  It  seems  reasonable  to 
believe  that  Parker,  having  escaped  from  prison,  was  the 
editor  who  wrote  in  his  issue  for  June  19—26,  1648: 
“Melanchollicus  hath  got  his  foot  out  of  the  springe  at 
Peterhouse ,  and  hath  made-an  [sic]  escape  (because  he 
was  neere  starv’d  by  that  murdering  villane  Symhall ,)  he 
is  in  very  good  health  .  .  .  and  sends  commendations 
to  his  freinds  there,  Mr.  Shepheard ,  John  Harrison , 
and  the  rest.” 

As  soon  as  the  pamphleteers  escaped,  they  resumed 
publication  of  their  Mercuries,  or  carried  on  the  Mercury 
of  some  imprisoned  friend,  or  started  a  Mercury  with  a 
new  title.  Parker  (to  say  nothing  of  Lookes,  Price, 

16  Journals,  VI,  111. 


39 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Humphrey  Crouch,  and  others)  continued  to  write  bal¬ 
lads  in  the  midst  of  his  pamphleteering.  He  and  Lookes 
are  mentioned  in  Mercurius  Pragmaticus  for  June,  1648, 
as  “high-flying  wits  of  balladry”  (cf.  No.  9).  In  a  tract 
of  the  same  year,  The  Kentish  Fayre.  Or ,  The  Parlia¬ 
ment  sold  to  their  best  worth ,17  mention  is  made  of 
Colonel  “Bark-stead,  the  proud  Thimble-maker,  who 
walkes  the  round  each  night  at  Westminster ,  a  Fool  in 
folio  yet  a  mighty  Talker,  whose  Complements  are  tane 
from  Martin  Parker 

On  September  13,  1648,  Captain  Francis  Bethen  was 
made  provost-marshal  with  power  to  seize  upon  all 
ballad-singers  and  sellers  of  malignant  pamphlets,  and  to 
suppress  stage-plays.18  Bethen  succeeded  in  rooting  out 
hawkers  and  ballad-singers.  Surreptitious  ballad-print¬ 
ing,  however,  flourished  vigorously.  No  ballads  were 
entered  at  Stationers’  Hall  before  1656,  but  licenses 
were  granted.  Thus  the  ballad  of  “Colonell  Rains- 
borowes  Ghost,”19  a  journalistic  account  of  the  assassi¬ 
nation  by  three  Royalists  of  a  faithful  officer  of  the  Par¬ 
liament’s  army,  was  printed  under  the  authority  and  with 
the  initials  of  the  official  licenser,  Theodore  Jennings. 

In  his  attempts  to  crush  plays  and  Mercuries,  Bethen 
was  not  altogether  successful.  He  himself  was  allowed 
five  shillings  a  day,  and  was  provided  with  a  deputy,  who 
was  paid  three  shillings  and  fourpence,  and  with  twenty 
men,  who  were  paid  a  shilling  and  sixpence.20  Mercurius 
Pragmaticus  (September  12—19,  1648)  jeered  at  the  new 
Provost-Marshal’s  “compassing  the  Citie  to  and  fro  .  .  . 
to  prevent  all  Stage-Plaies ,  that  no  Tragedies  may  be 

11  E.  446  (21),  p.  6.  18  Whitelocke’s  Memorials ,  1732,  p.  337. 

19  Cf.  Wright,  Political  Ballads ,  p.  107. 

20  Mercurius  Melancholicus ,  September  18—25,  1648. 

4° 


INTRODUCTION 


acted  but  their  own,  and  suppresse  all  honest  Books  and 
Ballads .”  The  Parliament  Porter  (September  18—25) 
admitted  that  Bethen  had  already  caught  and  whipped 
many  ballad-singers  and  pamphlet-hawkers,  but  assured 
him  that  even  if  he  had  the  hands  of  Briareus  he  could 
not  seize  and  destroy  all  the  ballads  and  news-books. 

What  with  rewards,  spies,  and  the  activities  of  the 
Provost-Marshal,  the  editors,  in  spite  of  their  boasting, 
led  a  precarious  existence.  On  December  5,  Mercurius 
Elencticus  was  forced  to  admit:  “I  had  much  adoe  to 
Creep  out  the  last  Weeke  so  opportunely  as  usuall:  for 
the  Bloud-hounds  were  so  hot  in  the  Chase ,  that  I  had 
scarce  Leisure  to  Print  my  Intelligence;  and  avoid  their 
pursuit.”  With  all  their  gayety,  their  superb  nerve  and 
pluck,  the  Royalist  editors,  like  the  ballad-singers,  fought 
a  losing  game.  Such  of  their  news-books  as  were  strug¬ 
gling  on  ran  against  almost  insuperable  difficulties  when 
General  Fairfax  and  the  army,  in  December,  1648,  occu¬ 
pied  the  city.  The  vigor  with  which  Fairfax  aided  in 
the  search,  the  redoubled  efforts  of  the  spies,  led  to  a 
total  cessation  of  professional  ballad-singing  and  hin¬ 
dered  the  publication  and  distribution  of  the  Mercuries. 

On  the  fifth  day  of  January,  the  House  of  Commons21 
requested  the  Lord  General  to  put  into  effect,  through 
his  marshal  Bethen,  all  existing  ordinances  concerning 
scandalous  pamphlets.  Four  days  later,  Fairfax  issued  a 
warrant  to  the  Provost-Marshal  of  the  Army  directing 
him  to  enforce  all  the  licensing  acts.  “There  is,”  Mer¬ 
curius  Melancholicus 22  commented,  “a  generation  called 
Peepers  (Creatures  of  the  Committees  own  begetting,) 
who  like  the  Divell  (their  chief  Lord)  thrust  their  heads 

21  Journals,  VI,  111.  22  No.  21,  January,  1649. 

4i 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


into  every  comer  to  finde  out  objects  whereon  to  vent 
their  trayterous  and  base  designes ;  I  am  sure,  any  honest 
man  abhorres  the  thought  of  'em;  .  .  .  how  many 

honest  men  have  they  abused  in  finding  out  Pragmaticus 
and  Melancholic  us ,  as  Mr.  Shepeard,  Mr.  Hack’let,  and 
others,  yet  the  Gentlemen  are  as  innocent  as  the  day[ !]  ; 
and  why  may  not  these  Devills  .  .  .  convert  them¬ 

selves  into  spleen  against  any  one  so  long  as  they  are 
countenanced  by  a  Parliamentall  Priviledge;  but  I  shall 
be  sure  to  look  to  my  selfe,  so  let  them  beware.”  Perfect 
Occurrences ,  with  the  other  licensed  news-books,  delighted 
in  telling  of  the  misfortunes  of  the  Royalist  editors.  In 
its  issue  for  January  18—25,  1649,  f°r  example,  it  an¬ 
nounces  that  “ Mercurius  Pragmaticus  was  this  day 
[January  18]  brought  Prisoner  to  Whitehall.  And 
another  new  Mercury  3  dayes  before  worse  than  he.” 

At  the  middle  of  the  year  1649,  Cleveland  was  editing 
Pragmaticus ,  Sheppard  Elencticus ,  Taylor  Melancholi- 
cus2Z  but  Parker  has  disappeared.  He  may  have  been  in 
prison.  In  any  case  he  was  certainly  dead  by  the  end  of 
1652. 24  John  Taylor  died  in  December,  1653,  Mercurius 
Democritus2 0  attributing  his  death  to  “the  want  of 
money.”  But  one  by  one  the  Royalist  Mercuries  had 
perished  before  the  death  of  Martin  Parker.  To  aid  in 
their  suppression,  Parliament  appointed  new  provost- 
marshals  and  passed  a  stringent  Treason  Act  in  1649. 
It  provided  the  death  penalty  (hanging,  drawing,  and 
quartering)  for  any  person  who  should  “write,  print,  or 
openly  declare”  that  the  Commonwealth  was  “tyranni- 

J.  B.  Williams,  A  History  of  English  J  ournalism,  pp.  Ill  f. 

-4  See  my  notes  in  Modern  Philology ,  XIX  (1921),  79. 

2j  November  9— January  2 5,  1653—54. 


42 


INTRODUCTION 


cal,  usurped,  or  unlawful”  or  that  “the  Commons  in 
Parliament  assembled  were  not  the  supreme  authority 
of  the  nation.”  26  How  little  attention  the  authors  and 
printers  of  ballads  paid  to  this  Act,  the  contents  of  the 
present  book2'  will  show. 

As  a  result  of  their  pamphleteering,  ballad-writers 
helped  to  develop  a  medium  that  led  to  some  diminution 
in  the  popularity  of  the  ballad  and,  ultimately,  to  its 
decay.  For  with  the  development  of  news-pamphlets  the 
range  of  ballads  was  greatly  lessened  and  their  clientele 
diminished.  That  newspapers,  through  the  stages  of  the 
corantos  and  the  books  of  news,  arose  from  ballads  is 
indisputable,  but  equally  important  is  the  fact  that,  in 
the  beginning  of  the  newspapers,  professional  ballad- 
writers  and  ballad-singers  played  an  important  part. 
Composed  partly  by  the  same  authors,  printed,  advertised, 
and  distributed  by  the  same  means,  the  early  news-books 
and  ballads  came  in  for  an  equal  amount  of  badinage 
and  abuse. 

News-writers  of  the  interregnum  are  scornfully  de¬ 
scribed  as  “Grub-street  Pamphleteers,”28  who  “thank 
their  stars,  and  congratulate  their  own  good  fortune,  if 
any  sad  accident  fall  out,  or  Fire  happen  in  the  City:  and 
if  a  Witch  or  a  Murderer  be  condemned  to  die,  rather 
then  he  shall  want  a  winding-sheet,  they’ll  be  so  chari¬ 
table  as  to  lend  him  half  of  theirs.”29  John  Crouch, 
himself  a  veteran  pamphleteer,  asserts  that  for  “scribling 
a  whol  sheet”  authors  got  “a  pot  or  a  Pipe,  or  perhaps 

26  Whitelocke,  Memorials,  1732,  p.  427;  Williams,  op.  cit.,  p.  110. 

27  See  especially  Nos.  42-44,  S3. 

2S  Perfect  Diurnal,  December  26,1642;  Mercurius  Fidelicus, August  17—24,  1648; 
Laughing  Mercury,  September  30-October  6,  1652,  and  October  6-12,  1652. 

Mercurius  Mastix,  August  20—27,  1648. 

43 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


(if  it  take )  half  a  Crown  to  pay  for  their  lodging  and 
diet  a  moneth  after”30;  but  John  Hall  was  hired,  accord¬ 
ing  to  popular  rumor  at  least,  for  five  pounds  a  week  to 
write  Mercurius  Britannicus?x  a  salary  that  must  have 
surpassed  that  of  ballad-writers  in  their  palmiest  days. 
The  number  of  pamphleteers  —  they  “prey  upon  the 
Printer  or  Stationer,  the  Stationer  on  the  Hawker,  and 
the  Hawker  upon  Everybody”32 — was  enormous. 

Unlike  the  penny  ballads,  the  news-pamphlets  cus¬ 
tomarily  sold  for  twopence,  though  counterfeits  some¬ 
times  tried  to  increase  their  sales  by  charging  a  penny  or 
three  halfpence.33  The  issues  were  small:  perhaps  two 
hundred  copies 34  was  the  average.  A  comparatively  large 
number  of  these  news-books  have  been  preserved  (notably 
in  the  Thomason  and  Burney  Collections  in  the  British 
Museum) ;  they  will  always  remain  a  memorial  to  a 
group  of  men — humble  ballad-writers  like  Parker  and 
third-rate  poets  like  Cleveland  and  Taylor — who  at  the 
risk  of  limb  and  life  waged  a  superb  fight  for  an  unworthy 
king  perhaps  but  certainly  for  tolerance,  liberty,  and 
freedom  of  speech. 


V 

Among  the  Levellers,  the  Presbyterians,  and  the  Inde¬ 
pendents,  there  were  not  lacking  some  who  spoke  plainly 
to  Parliament.  Milton,  whose  Areopagitica  is  always 

00  Mercurius  Democritus  His  Last  Will ,  p.  6  ( ca .  1648). 

31 Anatomy  of  the  Westminster  Juncto}  1648,  p.  6. 

32  Mercurius  Mastix ,  No.  1,  p.  2. 

33  See  Mercurius  Censorious ,  June  1—8,  and  Mercurius  Pragmalicus ,  December 
19—26,  1648.  In  an  early  issue  of  Mercurius  Britannicus  (August  25— September  1, 
1645)  sixpence  is  said  to  be  the  price. 

°4  See  Mercurius  Elencticus ,  June  7—14,  1648,  p.  222. 

44 


INTRODUCTION 


praised  for  its  plea  for  freedom  of  the  press,  did  not  want 
all  printing  to  be  uncensored:  he  had  no  sympathy  with 
the  tracts  and  ballads  I  have  discussed.  He  considered 
them  abominations,  and  would  undoubtedly  have  urged 
that  the  cord  and  the  axe  be  called  upon  to  crush  them. 
Far  more  liberal  was  the  “Petition  of  firm  and  constant 
friends  to  the  Parliament  and  Commonwealth,”  which 
on  January  19,  1649,  urged  the  granting  of  liberty  to  the 
press,  reminding  the  Commons  that  if  “you  and  your 
army  shall  be  pleased  to  look  back  a  little  upon  affairs 
you  will  find  you  have  bin  very  much  strengthened  all 
along  by  unlicensed  printing.  .  .  .  The  liberty  [of  the 
press]  .  .  .  appears  so  essential  unto  Freedom,  as  that 
without  it,  it’s  impossible  to  preserve  any  nation  from 
being  liable  to  the  worst  of  bondage.  For  what  may  not 
be  done  to  that  people  who  may  not  speak  or  write,  but 
at  the  pleasure  of  Licensers4?”  1 

Although  this  petition  was  disregarded,  the  licensers 
customarily  dealt  leniently  with  ballads.  One  might 
suppose  that  they  would  have  found  objectionable  the 
advice  to  Fairfax,  Cromwell,  and  the  nation  given  by 
John  Saltmarsh  in  the  ballad  of  “Strange  and  Wonderful 
Predictions”  (No.  22),  but  it  was  licensed  by  Gilbert 
Mabbott,  and  printed  by  John  Hammond,  who  is  sar¬ 
castically  described  in  Mercurius  Pragmaticus  (April  23— 
30,  1649)  as  £ learned  Mr.  Hammond  the  Presbiterian 
ball  ad- printer.”  Hammond  printed  ballads  of  almost 
every  kind — jocular,  journalistic,  satirical,  as  well  as 
political.  One  of  his  most  striking  ballads,  “Strange 
News  from  Brotherton  in  Yorkshire,”2  gravely  tells  how 
in  1648  wheat  rained  from  the  skies.  Equally  sensational 

1  Williams,  A  History  of  English  Journalism,  pp.  62-63. 

2  Manchester,  II,  39.  .  r 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

are  the  numerous  pamphlets  on  witchcraft  that  came  from 
his  press. 

The  licenser  no  doubt  read  and  authorized  the  publica¬ 
tion  of  Hammond’s  ballads.  Probably,  too,  his  authority 
was  secured  for  “England’s  Monthly  Predictions  for 
1649”  (No.  25),  although  of  such  authority  the  sheet 
bears  no  indication.  A  striking  group  of  surreptitious 
ballads  of  the  year  1649  ls  reprinted  below.  No  more 
remarkable  ballads  than  “The  Twelve  Brave  Bells  of 
Bow”  (No.  33)  and  “Gallant  News  from  Ireland” 
(No.  38)  have  ever  been  printed.  The  latter  boasts  of 
the  defeats  that  Lord  Inchiquin  had  just  inflicted  on 
Parliament’s  forces,  loyally  prays  for  the  return  of 
Charles  II,  and  violates  the  Treason  Act  in  every  stanza. 
More  seditious  still  was  the  “Hymn  to  Cromwell” 
(No.  39),  which  deals  with  the  same  general  subject  as 
the  “Gallant  News.”  No  licenser  would  have  dreamed  of 
giving  his  imprimatur  to  these  songs,  though  Nos.  34,  35, 
40,  61,  and  others — several  of  them  Royalist  at  least  by 
implication — were  evidently  passed  by  the  censor. 

A  pamphlet  called  The  Independents'  Loyalty  (1648) 
declares  that  “the  King  is  kept  from  his  Wife  and  Chil¬ 
dren,  and  scorned  and  reviled,  and  more  Ballads  made  of 
him,  and  abuses  put  upon  him,  then  ever  King  David 
had.”3  A  specimen  of  the  libelous  songs  here  referred  to, 
dated  as  early  as  1645,  can  be  seen  No.  13,  which 
viciously  attacks  Charles  I  and  his  entire  family.  Only 
a  few  ballads  of  this  type  have  survived.  Even  a  diligent 
collector  like  George  Thomason  paid  nearly  all  his  atten¬ 
tion  to  pamphlets  and  books:  nobody  seems  to  have 
attempted  to  make  a  complete  collection  of  ballads.  To 

3  p.  22. 

46 


INTRODUCTION 


be  sure,  John  Selden  was  interested  in  them,  and  his  col¬ 
lection  at  his  death  (1654)  passed  into  the  possession  of 
Samuel  Pepys,  who  augmented  it  to  its  present  great  size. 
But  it  is  a  striking  fact  that  among  Pepys’s  collection  there 
are  almost  no  political  ballads,  few  of  any  other  type, 
that  date  from  the  Commonwealth  period. 

Even  on  so  important  an  event  as  the  execution  of  the 
King,  Thomason  secured  only  two  or  three  of  the  printed 
ballads.  His  failure  to  secure  others  is  not  surprising, 
for  they  were  searched  for  ruthlessly  and,  when  found, 
destroyed  by  agents  of  Parliament.  Of  the  unlicensed 
ballads,  one  of  the  most  interesting  is  preserved  in  a 
single  imperfect  copy  and  is  here  reprinted  (No.  29). 
Another,  with  the  striking  title  of  “A  Coffin  for  King 
Charles:  A  Crowne  for  Cromwell :  A  Pit  for  the  People,”4 
represents  the  three  as  stating  their  views.  From  the 
throne  Cromwell  declares, 

Now  Charles  the  I.  is  tumbled  down, 
the  second,  I  not  feare; 

but  the  reply  of  the  people  is  ominous : 

To  our  revenge  knee  deepe  in  gore 
we  would  not  feare  to  wade. 

From  heaven  among  the  angels,  Charles  I  predicts  that 
“twelve  moneths  shall  full  conclude  your  power.”  But 
almost  twelve  years  were  required.  An  official  account, 
as  it  were,  is  given  in  the  ballad  of  “The  King’s  Last 
Farewell  to  the  World”  (No.  28),  which  was  licensed 
by  Theodore  Jennings  on  the  very  day  of  the  execution; 
while  “The  Weeping  Widow”  (No.  30),  undoubtedly 
without  license,  told  of  the  personal  sorrow  of  the  Queen. 

4  Wright,  Political  Ballads ,  p.  117;  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads,  I,  79. 

47 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Two  daring  ballads  that  followed  shortly  after  are 
reprinted  below  (Nos.  32,  36).  One,  “The  Royal  Health 
to  the  Rising  Sun/’  earnestly  prays  for  the  accession  of 
Prince  Charles  to  the  throne;  the  other,  “Gallant  News 
from  the  Seas,”  gives  the  sentiments  of  a  thoroughly  loyal 
army  and  navy.  Both  are  rhythmically  pleasing,  and  both 
are  noteworthy  in  bearing  the  initials  of  their  printers. 
It  is  difficult  to  see  how  the  printers  escaped  (if  they  did 
escape)  detection  and  punishment.  Possibly  the  initials 
were  assumed.  But  loyal  printers  never  lacked  courage 
and  daring:  danger  had  no  effect  in  stopping  them  from 
publishing  flagrantly  seditious  broadsides.  Thomas 
Raymond,  in  his  Autobiography ,5  gives  an  incident  that 
is  characteristic  of  all  the  Royalists.  He  tells  of  hearing 
a  sermon,  soon  after  Charles  I’s  death,  at  St.  Mary 
Aldermary’s, 

it  being  death  then  for  any  man  and  especially  ministers  to  speak  in 
vindication  of  that  good  King.  The  preacher  fell  to  aggravate  the 
great  sins  whereof  we  were  guilty  and  having  instanced  in  several 
great  and  crying  ones,  “Nay,”  said  he,  “we  have  put  to  death  our 
King,  our  most  gracious  and  good  King” — at  which  he  made  a  little 
pause  (the  people  amazed  and  gazing  about  expecting  the  preacher 
should  be  pulled  out  of  the  pulpit)  but  he  added — “the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  by  our  sins  and  transgression.” 

On  September  20,  1649,  Parliament  passed  the  most 
repressive  ordinance  against  printing  up  to  that  time 
known.6  It  put  into  effect  all  the  existing  statutes,  in¬ 
creased  all  penalties,  ordered  all  news-books  to  be 
licensed,  and  required  every  printer  to  make  a  bond  of 
£300  not  to  print  anything  offensive  to  the  government. 

8  Ed.  G.  Davies,  Camden  Society,  1917,  p.  59. 

6  It  is  elaborately  summarized  in  Mercurius  Elencticus,  September  24-October  1, 
1649.  Cf.  Williams,  A  History  of  English  J ournalismi  p.  120. 


INTRODUCTION 


It  also  confined  printing,  except  by  special  license,  to 
London  and  the  two  Universities,  prescribing  for  vio¬ 
lations  of  this  provision  a  fine  of  £10  and  defacing  of  press 
and  types.  The  only  exceptions  were  that  a  press  at 
Finsbury  and  another  at  York  were  permitted  to  print 
psalms  and  Bibles.  A  further  provision  was  that  no 
“hawkers  shall  be  any  more  permitted ;  and  that  they  and 
all  ballad-singers,  wheresoever  they  are  or  may  be  appre¬ 
hended,  shall  forfeit  all  books,  pamphlets,  ballads  and 
papers  by  them  exposed  to  sale,  and  shall  ...  be 
conveyed  and  carried  to  the  House  of  Correction,  there  to 
be  whipt  as  common  rogues,  and  then  dismissed/’  The 
Act  was  to  expire  in  two  years. 

All  licensed  news-books,  save  for  two  or  three  official 
journals,  were  swept  out  of  existence  by  this  act,  and  by 
the  end  of  the  year  only  two  unlicensed  Royalist  news- 
books  survived.  All  the  Royalist  books  were  dead  by 
June,  1650.  Furthermore,  strict  application  of  the  law 
brought  many  hardships  to  such  hawkers  and  ballad- 
singers  as  dared  venture  openly  on  the  streets.  “Would 
You  have  thought,”  asked  Mercurius  Pragmaticus  ( for 
King  Chari s  //),  in  its  issue  for  October  9—16,  1649, 
“that  the  State-Rampant  could  have  [been]  so  sensible  of 
a  little  Malignant  Inke,  as  should  make  them  thunder  out 
such  Anathema’s  against  the  societies  of  Hawkers  and 
Ballad-singers?”  or  that  they  “should  find  no  fitter  thing 
to  triumph  in,  then  trampling  upon  the  necks  of  silly 
women  and  Children,  for  but  crying  Bookes  and  Pamph¬ 
lets  about  the  Streets,  whereby  to  get  their  living,  to 
avoid  the  Miseries  otherwise  attending  them  in  these 
uncharitable  times?” 

The  Man  in  the  Moon  for  January  9-16,  1650,  re- 

49 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

ported  that  two  women  had  been  “committed  close 
prisoners  to  Old-Bridewell  this  last  weeke  about  that 
Paper,  one  of  which  hath  her  Husband  Mr.  Edward 
Crouch  lying  in  Newgate  about  printing  The  Man  in  the 
Moon ,  and  must  there  starve,  unlesse  God  feed  him  as 
he  did  the  Prophet  Elijah;  for  being  both  he  and  his 
Wife  imprisoned,  all  meanes  of  livelyhood  is  taken  away 
from  them:  another  poore  Woman,  named  Ratcliff e ,  they 
have  almost  whipt  to  death,  and  kept  this  quarter  of  a 
yeare  in  Newgate ,  till  she  is  scarce  able  to  stand  or  goe.” 
On  March  1 8,  John  Teague,  yeoman,  of  Whitechapel, 
was  arrested  and  forced  to  give  bond  for  his  appearance 
at  the  next  Sessions  of  the  Peace  on  an  indictment  of 
“being  a  hawker  and  seller  of  scandalous  and  seditious 
pamphlettes  &c.”7  The  persecution  of  hawkers  and  singers 
was  not  confined  to  London  but  spread  throughout  the 
provinces.  Mercurius  Pragmaticus  ( for  King  Charts  7/)s 
waxed  indignant  over  a  “barbarous  act”  committed  by 
the  late  Alderman  Hoyle,  M.P.  (cf.  No.  42),  upon  a 
minstrel,  “one  Young ,  who  because  hee  was  found  playing 
to  some  Company  upon  a  Sunday  after  Prayers;  hee  caused 
him  to  bee  shut  up  in  an  ugly  hole  under  one  of  the  Arches 
of  Owse-Bridge  .  .  .  where,  by  the  extreame  dampnesse 
and  clossenesse  of  the  Place,  hee  was  suffocated  within  a 
fewhoures  after.”  Whenever  ballad-singers  did  venture  on 
the  streets,  they  sometimes  ended  their  songs  with  a  hypo¬ 
critical  prayer  for  the  ruling  powers.  “At  the  close  of 
something  read  by  a  ballett-monger  in  the  streete,”  wrote 
Sir  Nicholas  L’Estrange,9  “he  cryed,  'God  save  the  King 

7  J.  C.  JeafFreson,  Middlesex  County  Records  y  III,  194. 

8  July  17—24,  1649.  See  also  Mercurius  Elencticus ,  July  16-24,  1649. 

9  W.  J.  Thoms,  Anecdotes  and  Traditions ,  p.  61  (Camden  Society  edition). 

50 


INTRODUCTION 


and  the  Parliament’ ;  sayes  a  merry  fellow  that  went  by, 
‘God  save  the  King,  the  Parliament  will  looke  well 
enough  to  save  themselves.’  ”  A  final  prayer  was  so 
thoroughly  a  part  of  ballad-conventions  that  it  could 
hardly  be  omitted  even  after  the  King  was  dead  and  an 
oppressive  Parliament  in  his  place.  One  witty  writer 
took  refuge  in  sarcasm: 

God  bless  our  Noble  Parliament, 

And  rid  them  from  all  fears, 

God  bless  all  th’  Commons  of  this  Land, 

And  God  bless  some  o’  th*  Peers}0 

Another,  more  boldly  still,  declared: 

And  now  I  would  gladly  conclude  my  Song, 

With  a  Prayer  as  Ballads  are  used  to  do, 

But  yet  Pie  forbear,  for  I  think  er’t  be  long, 

We  shall  have  a  King  and  a  Parliament  too.11 

Whatever  the  difficulties  experienced  by  ballad-singers, 
the  law  seems  to  have  had  no  terrors  for  ballad-printers. 
JohnPlayford’s  dance-collections  belong  to  the  year  1650; 
as  do,  also,  “The  Downfall  of  William  Grismond”12  and 
other  journalistic  ballads.  On  January  4,  twenty-seven 
barrels  of  gunpowder  stored  in  the  house  of  Robert 
Porter,  in  Tower  Street,  exploded,  killing  some  forty 
persons,  injuring  many  others,  wrecking  houses  for  yards 
around,  and  resulting  in  the  most  disastrous  fire  London 
had  known  for  years.  The  damage  was  estimated  at 
£60,000.  A  not  very  sympathetic  account  of  this  catas¬ 
trophe  is  given  in  The  Man  in  the  Moon  for  January 
2—9.  Francis  Grove  printed  a  pamphlet  on  it  called 

10  Merry  Drollery ,  1661,  ed.  J.  W.  Ebsworth,  p.  90,  The  ballad  first  appeared 

in  1633.  11  Rump,  1662  (reprint),  I,  307. 

11  See  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  II,  423,  and  Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VIII,  70. 

5i 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Deaths  Master-Peece,lz  and  then,  as  printers  had  been 
accustomed  to  do  since  1560,  issued  a  ballad  summar¬ 
izing  and  advertising  the  pamphlet.  The  ballad  itself,  in 
a  sorely  mutilated  copy,  survives  only  in  the  Manchester 
Collection.14 

A  libelous  ballad  on  the  death  of  William  Herbert, 
Earl  of  Pembroke  (No.  42),  of  the  year  1650,  illustrates 
the  daring  of  Royalist  writers  and  the  ease  with  which 
printers  evaded  the  laws.  Hardly  any  subject  could  have 
been  handled  more  offensively  than  this.  In  1651,  a 
sensationally  loyal  ballad — “The  Lady’s  Lamentation 
for  the  Loss  of  her  Landlord”  (No.  44)  — was  printed 
by  Richard  Burton.  The  Lady  is  a  thin  disguise  for 
England,  the  Landlord  an  even  thinner  disguise  for 
Charles  II.  Towards  the  end,  all  secrecy  is  thrown  aside, 
and  open  regret  is  expressed  for  Prince  Charles’s  defeat 
at  Worcester,  for  his  subsequent  flight,  and  for  the  great 
dangers  through  which  he  was  passing.  “I’ll  find  out  my 
true  love  wherever  he  be,”  says  the  Lady  boldly;  yet  her 
boldness  was  as  nothing  to  that  of  the  printer.  The 
expiration  of  the  Licensing  Act  in  1651  may  have  encour¬ 
aged  Burton  to  print  the  ballad,  but  it  is  hardly  con¬ 
ceivable  that  he  escaped  some  punishment  or  other.  Just 
as  daring  was  one  A.  E.,  the  printer  of  “Articles  of 
Agreement  betwixt  Prince  Charles  and  Scotland” 
(No.  43),  a  loyal  ballad  in  which  the  once-despised  Scots 
are  held  up  to  the  emulation  of  Englishmen  for  their 
acceptance  of  King  Charles  II.  Perhaps  it  was  difficult 
to  find  jurymen  who  would  convict  seditious  printers. 
Thus  when,  on  October  14,  1651,  Robert  Vaughan  was 
tried  on  three  indictments  for  engraving  and  selling  a 

13  E.  589  (16).  u  II,  13. 


52 


INTRODUCTION 


portrait  of  Charles  II  bearing  a  traitorous  inscription,  he 
was  promptly  acquitted  by  the  jury.15 

In  1651  several  of  the  former  Royalist  journalists,  like 
John  Crouch  and  Samuel  Sheppard,  resumed  the  publi¬ 
cation  of  news-books,  but  these  were  licensed  and  for  that 
reason  expressed  comparatively  cautious  opinions.  Never¬ 
theless,  Crouch  sometimes  criticized  the  government 
severely:  he  was  especially  outspoken  about  the  anti¬ 
stage  laws  and  the  arrests  of  actors.16  Hawkers  and 
ballad-singers,  too,  seem  for  a  time  to  have  done  active 
street-selling.  Mercurius  Pragmaticus  (June  15-22, 
1652)  observes  that  “when  the  Hawkers  come  roaring 
along  the  streets,  like  the  religious  ballad  singers  of  Bar¬ 
tholomew  fayre,  the  high  Crowrd  [sic]  Citizen  pricks  up 
his  ears  and  Cranes  his  neck  over  the  bulk,  till  he  look  as 
blew  under  the  gills  as  an  Eelskin  to  hear  whether  there 
be  any  news.” 

Along  with  the  news-books  came  a  flood  of  prognosti¬ 
cations  and  almanacs.  William  Lilly’s  predictions  for 
1652  were  exceptionally  fearful,  and  they  were  capably 
echoed  in  the  ballad  of  “England’s  New  Bell-Man”17 
and  in  Laurence  Price’s  Shepherds  Prognostication .  All 
three  prophets  made  much  of  an  impending  eclipse  of  the 
sun,  which,  when  it  occurred,  frightened  many  worthy 
citizens  almost  out  of  their  wits,  as  John  Evelyn  scorn¬ 
fully  noted  in  his  diary.  A  nameless  scoffer  printed  a 
broadside  “On  Bugbear  Black-Monday,  March  29.  1652. 
Or,  The  London-Fright  at  the  Eclipse  proceeding  from 
a  Natural  cause,”18  inquiring  of  his  readers: 

15  Jeaffreson,  Middlesex  County  Records ,  III,  205  f. 

16  See  my  “Contribution  to  the  History  of  the  English  Commonwealth  Drama,” 
Studies  in  Philology  (XVIII,  267-333),  July,  1921,  fassim. 

17  Lord  Crawford’s  Catalogue ,  No.  156.  18  Luttrell  Collection,  II,  22. 

53 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Was’t  Laurence  Price’s  Shepherd’s  Gnostication 
With  cunning  Will’s  wise  Astrologization, 

That  put  ye  in  distemper,  and  such  fits, 

As  if  their  folly  practis’d  on  your  wits? 

To  ridicule  Lilly’s  work,  Robert  Eeles  printed  a  ballad 
called  “Strange  Predictions.”19  Eeles  had  been  impris¬ 
oned  three  or  four  times  by  order  of  Parliament  for 
printing  objectionable  matter;  but  the  “Strange  Predic¬ 
tions”  is  wholly  inoffensive.  His  name  appears  also  in 
the  colophon  of  the  ballad  called  “A  Total  Rout,  Or  a 
Brief  Discovery  of  a  Pack  of  Knaves  and  Drabs,”20  a 
tirade  on  contemporary  vices,  especially  swearing. 

After  Prince  Charles  had  been  defeated  at  Worcester, 
Cromwell  forced  the  Parliament  to  agree  to  an  amnesty, 
which  embraced  certain  malignant  pamphlets. 

You  see  how  large  this  Pardon  is, 

It  pardons  all  our  Mercuries , 

And  poets  too,  for  you  know  they 
Are  poor,  and  have  not  aught  to  pay, 

wrote  the  mocking  author  of  a  ballad  “Upon  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Pardon  Pass’d  by  the  Rump.”21  Liberty  of  the  press 
was,  however,  far  from  being  achieved.  On  January  7, 
1653,  the  printing  act  of  1649  was  made  permanent, 
further  restrictions  were  added  to  it,  and  Gilbert  Mabbott 
was  reappointed  licenser.  The  greatest  period  of  perse¬ 
cution  ever  known  by  the  English  press  followed,  at  least 
eighteen  printers  being  sent  to  Newgate  within  the  space 
of  two  months.22  Strangely  enough,  ballad-printing  was 
but  slightly  affected  by  this  law,  though  there  are  ample 

19  Wright,  Political  Ballads,  p.  123.  20  Ibid.,  p.  131  (1653). 

21  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads,  I,  98. 

"Williams,  A  History  of  English  Journalism,  p.  151. 

54 


INTRODUCTION 


grounds  for  believing  that  in  the  streets  ballad-singing 
practically  ceased.  In  the  provinces  as  well,  the  laws 
against  singers  and  hawkers  were  often  rigidly  enforced. 
In  1655,  for  example,  William  Withers,  of  the  Devizes, 
was  sent  to  the  House  of  Correction  by  the  Mayor  of 
Marlborough  “for  singing  of  ballets  contrary  to  the 
statute,  and  was  sharply  puneshed  for  it,  and  soe  de¬ 
livered.’523  In  1656  various  minstrels  were  whipped  in 
Yorkshire.24 

A  vulgar  satirical  pamphlet  by  Sir  John  Birkenhead 
called  Bibliotheca  Parliamenti  (June  23,  1653)  adver¬ 
tises  one  of  the  “Books  to  be  sold  in  Little-Brittaine55  as 
“An  excellent  new  Ballad,  entituled  The  life  of  a  souldier 
to  the  tune  of  No  body  else  shall  plunder  but  /,  by 
Major  General  Lambert ,  together  with  an  Appendix  de 
generatione  hominum ,  by  Lieut.  Gen.  Harrison ,  a  prac¬ 
titioner  in  that  Science.55  The  licensed  news-pamphlets 
delighted  in  grotesque  and  sensational  journalism:  at  no 
time  had  the  ballad-writers  furnished  a  greater  strain  on 
the  credulity  of  readers.  Mercurius  Democritus  for 
July  27— August  3,  1653,  jeers  at  the  Parliament  Be  out 
for  its  incredible  stories  of 

a  man  in  the  West  arraigned  and  condemned  for  27  Wives;  and  of 
another  in  the  North,  for  broiling  of  her  own  Child  on  a  Gridiron; 
and  a  Third  Lie,  of  a  Woman  that  chopt  her  own  Child  a  pieces,  and 
bak’d  it  in  a  Py;  this  strange  News  made  the  Ballad-makers  run  to  the 
Carriers  of  those  Places  to  know  the  truth  of  these  things;  but  the  poor 
Ballad-makers,  after  they  had  spent  their  stock  on  the  Carriers ,  and 
found  nothing  of  this  true,  returned  home  again  cursing  the  Grubstreet 
Newes-Mongers,  who  had  so  basely  deceived  them. 

13  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report  on  MSS.  in  Various  Collections  (1901),  I,  131. 

u  North  Riding  Records ,  V,  212,  218,  221. 

55 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


These  yarns  appear  also  in  The  Dutch  Diurnall  for  July 
19-26,  1653. 

There  were  “never  more  poetasters,  versifiers,  rhymers 
then  this  year,”  Merlinus  Anonymus  (sig.  C  5V)  wrote 
in  1653.  Nor  was  the  statement  exaggerated.  Very  many 
ballads  dated  1653  are  extant.  Interesting  as  a  purely 
journalistic  work  is  “The  Salisbury  Assizes”  (No.  48), 
which  chronicles  the  crimes  and  execution  of  the  witch, 
Anne  Bodenham.  Political  ballads  abound.  One  of  them, 
the  work  of  a  melancholy  Royalist,  mournfully  begins, 
“Have  you  the  hungry  bloodhounds  seen4?”  (No.  49), 
symbolizing  Parliament  as  a  pack  of  hounds  who  have 
chased  one  king  to  death  and  are  greedily  pursuing 
another,  Prince  Charles.  A  second,  by  I.  H.,  is  “The 
Souldiers  Sad  Complaint”25  for  lack  of  pay.  Another,  “A 
Christmas  Song,”26  points  out  the  lamentable  changes 
made  in  England  by  the  Long  Parliament  and  prays  for 
the  restoration  of 

All  things  that  were  undone  before, 

That  we  may  Christians  be. 

The  Long  Parliament  was  violently  dissolved  by 
Cromwell  on  April  20,  1653,  and  Royalist  ballad-writers 
flooded  the  city  with  satiric  songs.  S.  S.  (possibly  Samuel 
Sheppard,  but  more  probably  Samuel  Smithson)  wrote 
“The  Parliament  Routed:  Or,  Here’s  a  House  To  Be 
Let.” 27  Of  a  similar  nature  is  the  ballad  of  “The  House 
out  of  Doors.” 28 

The  House  of  Commons  took  vigorous  steps  to  crush 
this  unlicensed  printing.  On  August  6  it  appointed  a 
committee  to  examine  into  the  printing  of  “scurrilous 

25  Lord  Crawford’s  Catalogue,  No.  703.  26  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads,  I,  117. 

"r  Ibid.,  I,  105  (cf.  Ill),  Wright,  Political  Ballads,  p.  126. 

28  Wilkins,  op.  cit.  I,  100. 


56 


INTRODUCTION 


Ballads  and  Pamphlets,”  to  report  on  how  the  laws  pre¬ 
viously  made  against  them  had  become  so  defective,  and 
“to  offer  some  further  remedy  for  the  Redress  of  that 
Abuse.”29  But  the  trade  of  the  rhymers  was  not  seriously 
damaged  by  this  and  other  investigations,  although  in¬ 
dividual  offenders  suffered  severely  at  times.  Libels 
abounded.  George  Thomason  preserved  a  number,  on 
one  of  which  he  wrote:  “This  Libell  was  printed  and 
scattered  vp  and  downe  ye  Streets  about  ye  latter  end  of 
September,  1653.” 30 

Official  licensers,  however,  viewed  ballads  with  not 
intolerant  eyes,  and  permitted  many  to  be  published. 
“Joyful  News  for  England”  (No.  51)  is  a  competent 
news-story  of  the  treaty  of  peace  signed  at  London  in  1654 
by  English  and  Dutch  commissioners,  and  is  noticeable  for 
its  favorable  attitude  to  the  Lord  Protector.  Humphrey 
Crouch’s  broadside,  “Lady  Pecunia’s  Journey”  (No.  54), 
too,  must  have  been  licensed.  There  is,  indeed,  a 
sanctimonious  air  about  it  that  should  have  made  for 
popularity.  Far  different  is  “Jack  the  Plough-lad’s 
Lamentation”  (No.  55),  a  ballad  signed  with  the  initials 
of  Thomas  Robins,  and  bearing  the  full  name  of  its 
printer,  Richard  Burton.  It  is  a  Royalist  song  of  the  most 
barefaced  and  audacious  type.  The  striking  reference  to 
Charles  II  in  the  refrain, 

Would  God  that  my  Master  would  come  home  again, 

must  have  made  the  ballad  enormously  popular  among 
adherents  of  the  exiled  prince;  but  it  is  difficult  to  under- 

29  Several  Proceedings  of  Parliament ,  August  2—8. 

30  E.  714  (7).  For  an  action  against  the  author  of  a  “trayterous  paper  of  verses 
against  his  Highnesse  the  Lord  Protector”  in  the  courts  on  August  7,  1654,  see 
Jeaffreson,  Middlesex  County  Records ,  III,  229. 

57 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


stand  how  Burton  succeeded  in  printing  songs  like  this 
without  molestation.  I  have  found  no  account  of  any 
action  against  him,  but  according  to  the  law  of  proba¬ 
bilities  most  of  his  time  should  have  been  spent  in  prison. 

VI 

Throughout  the  interregnum,  pamphlets  helped  to 
supply  the  absence  of  amusements  that  Parliament  had 
forbidden.  For  example,  after  the  theatres  were  closed, 
brief  satirical  plays  in  pamphlet  form  sprang  up  on  every 
side  and  attained  great  popularity.  So,  too,  when  ballads 
were  frowned  on  by  the  government  and  ballad-singers 
were  flogged  at  sight,  pamphleteers  came  to  the  rescue  by 
inserting  ballads  regularly  in  their  sheets.  Especially  in 
the  weekly  news-books  issued  by  John  Crouch,  balladry 
held  a  prominent  place. 

The  history  of  the  Crouches  is  obscure. 1  There  appear 
to  have  been  at  least  two  printers  named  John  Crouch, 
to  say  nothing  of  Edward  Crouch  and  a  “Swallow” 
Crouch  who  are  often  mentioned  in  connection  with 
Royalist  Mercuries.  John  Crouch,  the  editor  of  The  Man 
in  the  Moon  during  1649—1650,  was  imprisoned  in  June, 
1650,  whereupon  all  unlicensed  Royalist  news-books 
came  to  an  end.  Securing  his  release  sometime  later,  he 
betook  himself  to  licensed  journalism,  and  wrote  a  weekly 
news-book  known  successively  as  Mercurius  Democritus , 
The  Laughing  Mercury ,  and  Mercurius  Fumigosus 
(April  8,  1652-October  3,  1655).  These  books  are  dis¬ 
gustingly  coarse:  they  illustrate  “a  deliberate  pornog- 

1  Cf.  the  Calendar  of  State  Papers ,  Domestic ,  for  1649—50,  1650,  and  1651—52, 

passim;  Williams,  A  History  of  J ournalismy  passim. 

58 


INTRODUCTION 


raphy  impossible  to  match  in  English  literature,” 2  though 
they  were  regularly  licensed  by  the  officials  of  Parliament. 

In  all,  or  nearly  all,  of  his  pamphlets,  Crouch  inserted 
ballads  or  snatches  of  ballads,  some  old  and  well  known, 
others  new,  and  still  others  that  deserve  the  name  of 
carols  and  lyrics.  Many  of  the  last  are  beautiful.  Often, 
strange  to  say,  they  are  printed  in  the  form  of  prose. 
Customarily  Crouch's  sheets  open  with  a  stanza  or  two 
in  doggerel  verse — usually  a  mock-summary  of  the  news 
— while  a  poem  or  ballad  printed  like  prose  follows.  For 
example,  Democritus  for  December  16-22,  1652,  after 
four  opening  stanzas  of  verse  prints  the  following  de¬ 
lightful  lyric: 


So  cold,  cold,  cold,  so  wonderous  cold,  and  through  the  Bush  the 
Winde  blowes  cold;  Where  are  our  Coals  ye  young  Knaves,  old;  for 
through  the  Bush  the  Winde  blows  cold?  (But  where  be  our  great 
Fleets  of  Coals?)  One  Knave,  two  Knaves,  three  too  old,  and  thorow 
the  Bush  the  Winde  blowes  cold:  cold,  cold,  cold,  and  wonderous  cold, 
and  thorow  the  Bush  the  Winde  blowes  cold. 

Another  issue  preserves  a  charming  Christmas  carol 
(No.  47). 

What  principle  of  selection  governed  Crouch’s  choice 
of  ballads  does  not  appear.  Perhaps  he  himself  wrote 
some  of  them;  others,  like  “A  Dialogue  between  Floridus 
and  Clorio;  to  a  delightfull  new  Tune,”3  which  is  signed 
with  the  initials  of  Humphrey  Crouch,  may  have  been 
written  specifically  for  his  paper.  S.  S. — no  doubt  Samuel 
Smithson — contributed  to  The  Man  in  the  Moon  (1657) 
“An  Item  for  honest  men.  The  tune  is,  Ragged  and 

2  Williams,  op.  cit p.  145. 

3  Mer cur ius  Fumigosus ,  April  11—18,  1655,  pp.  364  f. 

59 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Torne,”4  a  revised  edition  of  the  ballad  reprinted  in  the 
Roxburghe  Ballads  (II,  409).  Perhaps  John  Crouch 
simply  printed  any  ballad  of  his  own  or  anybody  else’s 
composition  that  happened  to  be  available  when  his  paper 
went  to  press.  It  is  curious  to  find  in  Democritus  for 
February  15—22,  1654,  the  well-known  ballad  beginning 
“In  sad  and  ashy  weeds”  (traditionally  attributed  to 
James  I  as  a  lament  for  the  death  of  Henry,  Prince  of 
Wales)  printed  with  the  following  introductory  note: 
“A  sorrowfull,  but  loving  Son  of  the  Muses ,  for  the  un¬ 
timely  fall  of  his  dear  Father,  penned  this  mournful 
Dirge  or  Ditty  in  the  Antipodes ,  which  being  very  pithy, 
I  have  here  exposed  to  the  view  of  all  those  that  love 
their  Fathers  Money  better  then  his  Person  or  Life.” 

Mercurius  Pragmaticus  (June  1-8,  1652)  openly 
taunted  Crouch — “M.  Politick  Man  in  the  Moon>  alias 
Democritus ,  alias  Crouch  Hukin” — with  having  been 
imprisoned  and  having  then  turned  to  writing,  borrowing 
without  credit  from  Archy  Armstrong’s  jests,  John  Tay¬ 
lor’s  poems,  and  the  broadsheets  of  Smithfield  balladists : 

How  now  Democritus!  Were  your  brains  warm  last  week,  and  so 
stoold  at  your  mouth  a  lamentable  Ballad  of  pitiful  rhyme  to  eclipse 
me  with  your  Moon-calves  non-sense?  ...  It  seems  your  fortunes 
have  crept  to  the  full  since  your  translation  out  of  the  Gate-house  .  .  . 
to  the  Brokers  in  Larg-lane;  and  truly  you  are  very  naturally  placed  in 
such  a  Fraternity,  for  it  is  the  only  Feat  in  the  Town  to  sell  wit  at 
second  hand,  or  pimp  an  old  greasie  jest  out  of  Archy's  records,  then 
brush  it  up  with  a  little  hackny  language  squeez’d  out  of  scavengers 
frocks  at  your  three  peny  ordinary.  .  .  .  But  cry  you  mercy  Sir,  you 
are  a  Printer  too,  and  upon  that  score  have  the  liberty  of  your  waste 
papers;  yet  look  too’t,  for  if  John  Taylor  retrive  you,  and  by  letter  of 
Atturney  from  the  rest  of  the  Choristers  of  Smithfeld}  require  the 

4E.  1620,  PP.  10-12. 

60 


INTRODUCTION 


retribution  of  your  cac-a-mammee  stolen  out  of  their  nonsensical  rap¬ 
tures,  what  a  pitiful  story  wouldst  thou  be? 

In  its  issue  for  June  8-15,  1652,  Pragmaticus  repeated 
this  attack,  devoting  two  pages  to  a  denunciation  of 
Crouch.  The  Weepers  (1652),  a  poem  by  Samuel  Shep¬ 
pard,  brings  similar  charges  of  plagiarism  against  him, 
and  it  is  probable  that  they  were  true. 

The  fact  remains  that  Crouch  was  fond  of  ballads  and 
that  his  papers  helped  to  supply  the  popular  demand  for 
them.  Frequently  he  chose  coarse  songs  for  reprinting; 
yet  among  them  are  the  earliest  versions  of  “The  Hasty 
Bridegroom”5  and  “Andrew  and  Maudlin,”6  ballads  that 
in  later  years  enjoyed  considerable  vogue.  The  pious 
may  have  been  scandalized  by  the  ribaldry  of  Crouch’s 
prose  and  verse,  but  the  official  licenser  was  not. 

In  addition  to  the  ballads  that  he  reprinted,  many  of 
Crouch’s  news-items  are  nothing  but  summaries  of  bal¬ 
lads.  One  rhymer,  for  example,  wrote  a  ballad  on  a 
female  warrior7;  and,  immediately  after  its  appearance, 
Crouch  included  in  Fumigosus  (July  11—18,  1655)  the 
following  summary  of  it : 

There  was  this  Day  Letters  came  by  the  Foot-Post  of  West  Smith- 
field ,  Relating  a  strange  and  true  story  of  a  Woman  Souldier;  being 
the  Wife  of  one  John  Clarke ,  who  bravely  adventured  along  with  her 
Husband  in  Mans  apparrell  in  the  Armys  service  both  by  Sea  and  Land 
a  long  time  together,  no  man  all  that  time  ever  mistrusting  her  to  be  a 
Woman,  till  such  time  that  she  was  delivered  of  a  lusty  chopping  Boy 
in  her  Quarters  at  the  Black-Smiths  Armes  in  East  Smithfield ,  neer 

*  Mer cur ius  Fumigosus ,  May  16—23,  1655}  licensed  at  Stationers’  Hall  on  June 
17,  1656}  Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VII,  458. 

6  Democritus,  June  23—30,  1652,  p.  99;  Wit  and  Drollery  (1656),  p.  136; 
D’Urfey’s  Pills  to  Purge  Melancholy ,  1719,  II,  19. 

‘  “The  Gallant  She-Souldier,”  Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VII,  728. 

6i 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


unto  the  Famous  Tower  of  London ,  this  present  July,  165  5.  .  .  . 
She  being  approved  of  all  her  fellow  Souldiers,  a  very  Valliant  and 
able  Souldier,  that  could  very  expertly  Trayle  a  Pike,  Order  her 
Musket,  and  if  need  were,  could  beat  a  Drum,  and  was  very  active  in 
all  manner  of  manly  Exercises;  shee  could  Leap,  Jump,  Caper,  Boxe, 
Wrestle,  play  at  Foot-ball,  Sing,  Dance  and  be  merry;  being  reported 
to  be  a  rich  mans  Daughter  of  the  City  of  Lecester,  who  undertook 
all  this  for  the  constant  Love  she  bare  her  Husband  and  Country. 

And  therefore  highly  doth  deserve  her  Name, 

To  ride  triumphant  on  the  Wings  of  Fame .8 

Fumigosus  for  September  29-October  3,  1655,  reported 
that  “the  last  Letters  from  Sutton  Marsh  in  Lincoln¬ 
shire  make  mention  of  a  Shee-Divel ,  JENNIKEN  is  her 
Name,  you  cannot  finde  such  another,  unless  you  finde 
the  same ;  I  shall  reserve  the  rest  of  her  Pranks  for  a  new 
ballad ,  to  an  ugly  jadish  Tune.”  Such  references  to 
ballads  abound  in  Crouch’s  papers.  As  another  example : 
Democritus  (April  13-20,  1653)  after  a  scurrilous  story 
adds,  “but  more  of  this  the  next  week;  because  you  shall 
then  have  the  true  relation  in  a  Ballad ,  to  the  Tune  of 
the  7  Champions  of  the  Pens  in  Smithfeld ,  written  by 
Lawrenc  Price.”  In  the  history  of  the  ballad  John 
Crouch  holds  a  high  rank.9 


VII 

Headed  by  Laurence  Price  and  his  able  companions, 
Thomas  Robins,  Samuel  Smithson,  Thomas  Joy,  Charles 

8  Another  striking  summary  of  a  ballad  occurs  in  Fumigosus  for  April  11-18, 
1655.  See  also  No.  57. 

9  Cf.  also  “Cupid’s  Revenge.  OR,  Bad  News  for  Poor  Maids.  .  .  .  To  the  Tune 
of,  Love’s  Mistriss”  (11  six-line  stanzas)  added  to  Now  or  Never:  Or,  A  New 
Parliament  of  Women  (165 6),  printed  by  George  Horton  (Wood  654  A  (17)). 

62 


INTRODUCTION 


Hammond,  John  Wade,  Humphrey  Crouch,  and  Thomas 
Lanfiere,  the  crew  of  balladists  in  1655  wrote  many 
rhymes  and  found  no  difficulty  in  getting  them  printed 
and  circulated  in  spite  of  the  laws  on  the  statute-books. 
With  pamphlets  the  case  was  altogether  different.  On 
August  28  a  further  printing  act  tried  to  sweep  away  the 
entire  licensed  press,  put  into  effect  all  previous  ordi¬ 
nances  against  printers,  hawkers,  and  ballad-singers,  and 
provided  that  nothing  be  published  without  license  from 
the  Lord  Protector  or  his  Council.  It  is  said1  that  no 
license  to  any  news-book  was  henceforth  granted  by 
Cromwell  or  his  Council  and  that  none  appeared  during 
the  remaining  years  of  his  life  except  Marchamont 
Nedham’s  official  Mercurius  Politicus  and  The  Publick 
Intelligencer. 

But  such  comments  do  not  apply  to  ballad-printing, 
whatever  may  be  true  of  the  hawkers  and  ballad-singers. 
In  this  book  are  reproduced  eight  or  ten  ballads  dated 
165^—1656  and  almost  a  dozen  others  that  seem  to  belong 
to  these  years.  Each  of  them  is  openly  signed  by  the 
printer,  several  of  them  by  the  author.  It  is  significant, 
however,  that  none  deals  with  political  events.  Just  as 
in  the  time  of  the  Spanish  Armada  printers  published  and 
the  people  of  London  read  ballads  “Deciphering  the  Vain 
Expense  of  Fond  Fellows  upon  Fickle  Maids”  and 
“Which  Doth  Plainly  Unfold  the  Grief  and  Vexation 
That  Comes  by  a  Scold,”2  so  in  the  stirring  days  of  the 
Commonwealth  and  the  Protectorate  the  ballads  tell  of 
a  woman  who  was  killed  by  the  Devil,  of  a  doleful 
tragedy  in  Bishopsgate  where  a  girl  and  a  brewer  were 

1  By  Williams,  A  History  of  English  Journalism,  p.  156. 

'  Arber’s  Transcript,  II,  506,  509. 


63 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


scalded  to  death,  of  the  massacre  of  the  Protestants  in 
Savoy;  two  are  “pleasant”  love-songs  by  Samuel  Smith- 
son.  The  printers  were  Richard  Burton,  John  Andrews, 
Francis  Grove,  and  Thomas  Vere.  Evidently  these  bal¬ 
lads  were  licensed.  That  the  licenser’s  standard  of  morals 
was  not  high  is  amply  proved  by  three  extremely  coarse 
ballads  from  Richard  Burton’s  press  —  Peter  Fancy’s 
“This  is  call’d  Maids  looke  well  about  you,”  Charles 
Hammond’s  “The  Birds  Noats  on  May  day  last,”  and 
“The  Maiden’s  Choice” — which  are  preserved  in  the  so- 
called  Book  of  Fortune.3 

Meanwhile,  the  Stationers’  Register  is  silent  on  the 
subject  of  ballads.  From  1643  t0  1656,  it  offers  no  aid, 
containing  almost  no  entries  besides  those  of  licensed 
news-books,  prognostications,  orations,  sermons,  and  other 
dry-as-dust  religious  works.  If  one  judged  only  from 
the  Register,  he  would  inevitably  decide  that  the  Com¬ 
monwealth  had  crushed  real  literature,  and  would  readily 
agree  to  every  harsh  comment  that  has  been  made  on  the 
Puritans.  But  in  1653  a  ray  of  good  cheer  lightens  the 
gloom:  then  it  is  refreshing  to  find  entries  of  such  old 
favorites  as  Adam  Bell  and  the  Jests  of  Scoggin  and 
George  Peele.  Fewer  news-books,  too,  are  entered,  while 
literature  returns  with  the  play-books  of  Brome,  Mas¬ 
singer,  Fletcher,  and  Shirley.  During  the  next  two  years, 
plays  were  published  in  swarms;  but  ballads  never  again, 
as  in  the  years  1557— 1640,  dominated  the  Register.  No 
ballads  whatever  were  registered  in  1657.  That  many 
were  licensed  is,  as  has  been  shown,  indisputable;  but  the 
licenses  came  rather  from  Gilbert  Mabbott  than  from  the 

3  C.  20.  f.  14.  Equally  coarse  is  “The  Young  Man’s  Tryal:  Or,  Betty’s  Denial” 
(Wood  E.  25  (49)),  printed  by  John  Andrews  in  1655. 

64 


INTRODUCTION 


Stationers’  Company,  and  hence  no  indication  of  them 
is  given  in  the  Stationers’  Register. 

Mercurius  Fumigosus 4  remarked  in  January,  1655,  on 
the  number  of  libels  that  were  ‘‘flung  about  the  streets , 
and  thrust  in  at  the  Doores ,  by  some  .  .  .  ill-affected 
to  the  Government  Established.”  Some  of  these  after¬ 
ward  found  a  place  in  printed  collections  of  songs  and 
ballads.  It  is  curious  that,  in  spite  of  the  hostility  of  the 
government,  London  stationers  should  openly  have  ven¬ 
tured  to  print  collections  of  coarse  ballads  and  even 
coarser  songs.  Among  the  earliest  of  these  collections 
was  Songs  and  Poems  of  Love  and  Drollery  (1654),  the 
contents  of  which  are  bitterly  anti-Roundhead ;  so  much 
so  that  no  printer’s  name  appears  in  the  book.  Then 
appeared  Musarum  Deliciae :  Or,  The  Muses  Recreation, 
edited  by  Sir  John  Mennis  and  Dr.  James  Smith,  and 
printed  for  Henry  Herringman  in  August,  1655,  the 
names  or  initials  of  both  editors  and  printer  being  on  the 
title-page.  This  work  contains  no  ballad,  song,  or  poem 
that  is  obviously  disloyal,  but  is  often  extremely  coarse 
and  in  several  productions  manages  to  say  some  unflat¬ 
tering  things  about  the  Parliament.  It  contains  old 
ballads  like  Dr.  Richard  Corbet’s  “Journey  into  France,” 
a  few  original  poems,  and  several  contemporary  ballad- 
songs. 

Wit  and  Drollery,  a  compilation  by  Mennis,  Smith, 
Davenant,  and  others,  appeared  early  in  January,  1656. 
It  is  a  collection  of  ballads,  many  of  which  are  decidedly 
hostile  to  Parliament  and  loyal  to  the  exiled  prince.  One 

4  January  24—31,  p.  274.  John  Lock  and  George  Horton  gave  bond  on  July  14, 
1654,  to  appear  at  the  next  Sessions  of  the  Peace  on  the  charge  of  printing  and 
publishing  scandalous  and  libelous  pamphlets  (J.  C.  Jeaffreson,  Middlesex  County 
Records ,  III,  228). 


65 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


of  the  most  interesting  tells  of  a  raid  by  the  soldiers  on  a 
surreptitious  stage-play  given  in  September,  1655,  at  the 
Red  Bull  Theatre.  The  seditious  note  of  the  ballads,  to 
say  nothing  of  their  obscenity,  made  this  volume  most 
obnoxious  to  strict  Puritans  and  to  the  government. 

Choice  Drollery ,  a  series  of  ballad-poems  compiled  by 
“several  eminent  authors,”  was  printed  for  Robert  Pollard 
in  February,  1656.  It  is  thoroughly  Royalist  from  be¬ 
ginning  to  end,  though  it  adopts  clever  subterfuges  for 
safety.  For  example,  one  song  called  “Jack  of  Lent’s 
Ballat”  dealt  with  the  welcome  given  in  162^  to  Queen 
Henrietta  Maria,  but  brought  up  to  date  its  satire  on 

The  Puritans  that  never  fayle 
’Gainst  Kings  and  Magistrates  to  rayle. 

Others  deal  with  contemporary  rope-dancers,  or  are  old 
ballads  on  Queen  Elizabeth  and  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  or 
are  simply  voluptuous  songs.  Equally  loyal  in  tone  is 
Parnassus  Biceps .  Or  Severall  Choice  Pieces  of  Poetry 
Composed  by  the  best  Wits  that  were  in  both  the  Uni¬ 
versities  Before  Their  Dissolution  (1656).  Very  many  of 
its  ballads  and  poems  satirize  Parliament  severely,  and 
speak  of  the  murdered  King  with  evident  affection. 

Cromwell’s  government  made  attempts  to  suppress 
these  books.  On  April  22,  1656,  the  Council  appointed 
a  committee  to  examine  the  authors  and  printers  of 
Sportive  Wit.  Three  days  later  the  Committee  reported 
that  the  book  contained  much  scandalous,  lascivious,  and 
profane  matter,  whereupon  the  Council  instructed  the 
Lord  Mayor  and  the  other  commissioners  for  the  regula¬ 
tion  of  printing  to  seize  all  copies  and,  “with  those 
already  seized,”  to  deliver  them  to  the  Sheriffs  for  public 

66 


INTRODUCTION 


burning.  On  May  9,  a  similar  order  was  given  in  regard 
to  Choice  Drollery .5  So  far  as  these  two  books  are  con- 
cerned,  the  Council’s  instructions  were  effective.  Ebs- 
worth,  in  his  edition  of  Choice  Drollery ,  wrote  that 
“probably  not  six  perfect  copies  remain  in  the  world,” 
and  that  the  British  Museum  had  copies  of  neither  Choice 
Drollery  nor  Sportive  Wit. 

Ballad-writers,  however,  were  in  the  heyday  of  suc¬ 
cess.  In  1656  one  S.  F.  included  a  long  burlesque  elegy  on 
Martin  Parker  in  his  Sportive  Funeral  Elegies ,  lament¬ 
ing  the  passing  of  that  master  of  balladry;  but  he 
recognized  the  fact  that  Parker  had  been  followed  by  a 
“glorious  three”  in  Smithson,  Crouch,  and  Price.  In  an 
elegy  “On  the  Death  of  Annyseed-water  Robbin,”  6  an 
hermaphrodite,  S.  F.  takes  them  to  task  for  neglecting  to 
write  funeral  verses  on  that  personage: 


*Samuel 

Smith- 

son. 

Humphrey 
Crowch. 
Lawrence 
Price, 
f  Drawer 
Smal-beer 


Ye  glorious*  three 

Who  grasp  the  Poles  of  Star-crown’d  Poesie; 

Has  som  Cask-piercing  fYouth  poison’d  your  wine 
With  wicked  Lcethe ?  Did  you  ever  dine 
On  Turnep-tops,  without  or  Salt,  or  Butter, 

That  amongst  all  your  Canzonets,  or  clutter 
You  fail’d  to  mention  this  deceased  Robbin , 

It  seems  you  ne’r  quaft  Nectar  in  his  Noggin, 

As  I  have  done. 


Eight  ballads  by  Price,  four  by  Crouch,  and  two  by 
Smithson  are  included  in  the  present  volume. 

The  man  of  the  streets  has  always  been  attracted  by 
the  quaint  woodcuts  that  in  nearly  every  instance  adorned 


0  Calendar  of  State  Papers ,  Domestic ,  1655/6 ,  pp.  288,  298,  314. 
6  Si g.  A  2V. 


67 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


broadside  ballads.  “How  many  Ballads  would  sell  with¬ 
out  a  formal  wood  cut4?7’  Mercurius  Britanicus  Alive 
Again 7  shrewdly  inquired  in  1648.  It  seems  strange  to 
find  in  1655  an  irate  Quaker  condemning  ballads — which 
evidently  he  saw  in  great  numbers — not  so  much  for  their 
scurrility  and  licentiousness  (the  usual  ground  for  attack) 
as  for  their  woodcuts,  which,  in  his  opinion,  violated  the 
Second  Commandment.  This  singular  attack  is  made  in 
“A  Warning  from  the  Lord  to  all  Ballad-makers,  and 
Image-makers,”  added  to  A  Declaration  from  the  Chil¬ 
dren  of  Light  ( who  are  by  the  world  scornfully  called 
Quakers )  against  several  false  reports ,  scandals  and  lyes 
(May  14,  1655).  It  runs: 

Ye  Ballet-makers,  and  ye  Ballet-sellers,  Stationers,  and  Printers  of 
them,  and  buyers  of  them  beware,  for  the  Lord  God  of  glory  is  arising, 
who  saith,  Thou  shalt  not  make  any  Image  of  Male  or  Femalei  which 
you  do  amongst  you,  and  are  found  upon  your  ballets,  and  so  out  of 
Gods  councell,  are  amongst  the  heathen  making  Images:  and  your  vain 
jesting  books,  which  stirs  up  the  heathen,  which  knowes  not  God,  and 
such  be  out  of  his  command,  which  makes  Image  of  Male  and  Female, 
and  other  creatures  contrary  and  out  of  Gods  command,  and  because 
the  Images  and  Ballads  are  cried  against,  it  makes  the  Heathen  to  rage, 
and  imagine  vain  things  against  them,  who  doth  them  crie  against, 
shewing  that  these  have  their  harts,  and  are  their  gods,  yea,  but  saith 
them  that  be  in  the  flesh,  in  the  lust,  and  in  the  pride,  We  shall  loose 
our  gain ,  and  our  calling ,  if  we  forsake  our  jesting-books ,  our  ballads , 
our  books  of  rimes ,  which  upon  them  is  the  Image  of  Males  and 
Females,  and  that  is  to  set  them  out:  though  God  doth  forbid  them,  it 
brings  us  in  gain  Iupiter- like  which  all  his  Tradesmen  cries,  These  are 
pestilent  fellowes  with  cries  against  these  things ,  which  brings  us  in 
gain ,  we  can  prof  esse  Christy  and  hold  up  these  things  too,  saith  lupiter 
who  be  in  lupiter' s  nature  with  his  Images:  but  to  you  all  professors  of 
Christ  Jesus,  which  be  in  the  evill  with  your  jesting-books,  and  ballads, 

7  May  16,  1648,  p.  2. 


68 


INTRODUCTION 


and  books  of  verse  and  rime,  and  vain  songs,  and  your  ballads  with  your 
Images  of  Male  and  Female,  upon  them  to  the  light  in  your  consciences, 
I  speak:  with  that  mind  which  you  read  your  jesting-books  and  sing 
your  ballads,  you  professe  the  Scriptures,  and  lives  out  of  the  obedience 
to  them,  so  you  are  them  that  cry  Lord,  Lord,  which  enter  not  into  the 
Kingdom  of  God,  who  doth  not  the  will  of  God,  for  who  doth  his 
will  knoweth  his  doctrine,  and  from  all  that  which  stirs  up  wanton- 
nesse,  and  pleasures,  and  fables — followers  are  turned  away  from,  which 
enters  into  the  kingdome  of  God:  so  your  jests  and  songs  shall  be 
turned  into  howling,  as  you  may  read  Amos,  &  you  that  make  songs  & 
ballads  upon  wicked  people,  &  so  rejoice  in  iniquity  which  is  contrary 
to  Scripture,  as  you  may  read,  oh  how  are  the  world  in  many  places, 
&  streets,  and  walls  painted  with  ballads  and  fables,  and  yet  now 
professe  your  selves  to  be  Christians,  and  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  oh 
stop  your  mouths,  and  cover  your  lips,  where  did  any  of  Christs  flock 
so,  but  this  is  the  froth  of  the  sea,  and  the  foame  of  it,  and  here  you 
are  proved  to  be  such  who  said;  they  were  lews ,  but  were  noty  there¬ 
fore  I  do  warn  all  young  and  old  people  from  the  Lord  God,  give 
over  your  reading  ballads  your  song-books,  and  rime-books,  which  are 
all  for  the  fire. 


For  exactly  the  same  reason  as  that  here  given,  various 
persons  have  earnestly  begged  the  present  Secretary  of 
State  to  abolish  the  requirement  that  photographs  of  the 
holders  must  appear  on  all  American  passports. 

No  Quaker,  however,  needed  to  apologize  for  loathing 
ballads — woodcuts,  text,  and  all.  In  them  his  religion, 
his  morals,  and  his  personal  character  were  subjected  to 
incessant  abuse  and  falsehood.  Typical  is  the  attack 
Laurence  Price  made  on  James  Parnel  (No.  62).  Of 
the  same  nature  were  the  half-dozen  ballads  about  James 
Naylor  that  can  still  be  traced.  The  barbarous  treatment 
inflicted  on  both  these  Quakers  has  hardly  yet  been 
forgotten.  Other  disgusting  anti-Quaker  ballads  were 
so  popular  as  to  be  included  in  the  Rump ,  in  Merry 

69 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Drollery ,  and  in  all  the  editions  of  Pills  to  Purge 
Melancholy. 

The  year  1656  saw  the  ballad  enjoy  its  own  again: 
numbers  as  large  as  in  the  days  of  Elizabeth  and  James  I 
were  printed;  and  about  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  were 
registered  at  Stationers’  Hall.  Not  a  few  of  those  regis¬ 
tered  were  traditional,  instead  of  stall,  ballads — six  or 
seven  Robin  Hood  ballads,  “The  Famous  Flower  of 
Serving-men”  (by  Price),  “Sir  Andrew  Barton,”  and 
“Little  Musgrave.”  In  1657  some  forty-two  were 
registered,  including  three  about  Robin  Hood  and  one 
on  “Tommy  Pots”;  but  only  nine  (including  “Johnny 
Armstrong”)  were  registered  in  1658,  none  in  1659.  The 
appearance  of  so  many  “popular”  ballads,  many  of  them 
signed  with  their  authors’  initials,  perhaps  indicates  that 
warfare  in  Scotland  and  the  North  had  made  the  London 
ballad-writers  acquainted  with  the  songs  known  in  that 
section  of  the  kingdom  through  oral  tradition.  Fewer 
ballads,  by  the  way,  can  be  traced  during  the  years  1657— 
1658  than  in  any  other  period  of  the  interregnum,  but 
this  fact  is  hardly  proof  that  fewer  ballads  actually  were 
printed.  Their  distribution,  however,  was  undoubtedly 
unfavorably  affected  by  the  Act  against  Vagrants  of  1657, 
which  provided  that  “persons  commonly  called  fiddlers 
and  minstrels”  be  treated  as  “rogues,  vagabonds,  and 
sturdy  beggars.”  One  striking  ballad  of  the  year  16^7  is 
Richard  Burton’s  “New  Prophecy”  of  the  imminent 
downfall  of  Oliver  Cromwell  (No.  74).  Interesting, 
too,  are  “The  Protecting  Brewer”  and  Samuel  Butler’s 
“A  Ballad,”8  the  latter  satirizing  the  Parliament  for 
tendering  the  Crown  to  the  Lord  Protector. 

8  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads ,  I,  132,  135. 


INTRODUCTION 


In  the  confusion  that  followed  Cromwell’s  death  on 
September  3,  1658,  little  or  no  attention  was  paid  to 
ballad-writers,  and  the  period  of  attempted  suppression 
may  be  said  to  have  ended.  Cromwell  himself  had  fared 
severely  at  the  hands  of  the  balladists.  With  his  personal 
character,  they  could  truthfully  find  little  fault;  but  they 
heaped  abuse  on  him  for  his  pretension  to  the  crown, 
ridiculing  his  supposed  trade  of  brewing,  and  gloating 
over  the  redness  of  his  nose.  To  them,  King  Cromwell’s 
nose  revealed  the  bon  vivant: 

Thy  nose  and  fiery  face, 

Speak  thee  a  babe  of  grace, 

And  most  regenerate, 

As  sack  did  e’er  create.9 

So  runs  a  ballad  of  the  date  1647.  Another  of  the  same 
year  pretends  to  be  disappointed  because  Cromwell’s 
effigy  does  not  appear  on  “The  State’s  New  Coin” : 

They  have  quite  omitted  his  politic  head, 

His  worshipful  face,  and  his  excellent  nose.10 

Libelous  to  a  degree  are  the  ballads  of  “The  Right 
Picture  of  King  Oliuer”  (beginning  “Of  Nolls  Nose  my 
Muse  now  sings”)11  and  “O  Brave  Oliver”  (No.  26). 
Compare  also  “A  Hymn  to  Cromwell”  (No.  39).  Among 
the  news-books,  too,  Cromwell’s  nose  was  a  chronic  joke. 
Says  IVLercurius  Elencticus  (April  24,  1649,  p.  2),  “surely 
Subject  I  shall  not  want,  so  long  as  Noll’s  refulgent  Nose 
hath  warmth  in  it.”  Says  The  Parlia?nent  Kite  (June  29, 
1648) : 

Bear  witnesse,  I  have  not  in  verse  nor  prose, 

So  much  as  mention’d  Cromzvels  flaming  Nose. 

9  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads ,  I,  67.  10  Ibid.,  I,  94.  11  E.  587. 


7i 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


A  Case  for  Nol  Cromwell' s  Nose ,12  a  pamphlet  in  prose 
and  verse,  appeared  in  June,  1648.  The  Blazing-Star; 
or ,  Nolls  Nose  newly  revived ,13  consisting  of  satiric  verses 
by  “Collonel  Baker,”  was  published  as  late  as  August, 
1660. 

In  1654  the  balladists  laughed  heartily  at  the  Pro¬ 
tector.  On  one  occasion  he  attempted  to  drive  his  own 
six-horse  coach  through  Hyde  Park  —  thinking,  so  a 
song  runs,  that  three  pairs  of  horses  were  as  easily  con¬ 
trolled  as  three  kingdoms — only  to  have  them  run  away, 
so  that  he  was  thrown  from  the  driver’s  box  and  his 
pistol  exploded  in  his  pocket.  “A  Jolt  on  Michaelmas 
Day” 14  tells  the  story  with  this  moral : 

His  first  reproach 
Is  a  fall  from  a  coach, 

And  his  last  will  be  from  a  cart! 

Cromwell’s  wife  and  sometimes  his  daughter  shared  in 
the  abuse  directed  at  him,  outrageous  libels  being  written, 
with  truth  conspicuous  by  its  absence.  The  Court  Career 
(1659,  p.  24)  represents  the  dead  Protector  as  grieving 
because  writers  continue  “in  base  Ballad  stuffe  to  bring 
in  my  Ghost ,  calling  upon  my  Son  Richard.”  After  the 
Restoration  his  grief  was  surely  more  poignant,  for  then 
the  scurrility  poured  upon  his  name  in  ballads  equalled 
the  indignities  inflicted  by  Charles  II  upon  his  senseless 
body. 

With  Cromwell’s  death,  censorship  of  ballads  came 
virtually  to  an  end.  Dozens  of  the  boldest  and  most 
seditious  type  were  then  printed,  usually  openly  bearing 
the  printers’  names.  Charles  Gustavus,  in  particular,  pub- 

14  Wilkins,  Political  Ballads ,  I,  121. 

72 


“E.  448  (9).  ”E.  1040  (3). 


INTRODUCTION 


lished  many  such  ballads  both  from  London  and  Oxford 
presses.  Naturally  enough  the  ballad-writers  now  turned 
their  attention  almost  exclusively  to  ridicule  of  the  regi¬ 
cides  and  the  Rump  Parliament  and  to  the  praise  of 
General  Monk.  Abundant  specimens  of  this  work  are 
reprinted  in  the  collections,  often  cited  heretofore,  of 
Wright  and  Wilkins  and  in  the  Roxburghe  Ballads .15 
Chap-books  and  jest-books,  too,  sprang  up  like  magic, 
coming  from  the  press  almost  as  rapidly  as  in  the  last 
decade  of  Elizabeth’s  reign,  so  that  the  satirical  Endlesse 
Queries:  Or  An  End  to  Queries  (1659,  p.  3)  inquired: 

Whether  it  be  no  requisite  that  Printers  and  Stationers,  that  their 
trades  may  not  decay,  should  hire  the  Universities  to  keep  them  from 
Idleness  the  next  long  Vacation,  to  pen  some  learned  Commentaries 
upon  the  famous  History  of  Tom  Thumb ,  Dr.  Faustus ,  Guy  of 
Warwick ,  Robin  Goodfellowi  the  Pigmies ,  the  Queen  of  Fiaries  [sic] , 
and  many  more  such  gallant  pieces  of  Art,  that  are  frequently  read 
amongst  us,  thereby  to  undeceive  the  good  people  of  the  Land,  who 
are  as  confident  of  their  truth,  as  if  all  were  Gospel,  and  so  blinded  in 
their  ignorance,  notwithstanding  all  the  great  Lights  that  have  been  so 
lately  set  up. 

To  the  same  year  belongs  John  Playford’s  ballad-com¬ 
pilation  called  Select  Ayres.  Play  ford  printed  various 
other  editions  of  old  madrigal  and  music-books,  and  did 
much  to  keep  up  the  people’s  interest  in  balladry,  a  task 
in  which  he  was  ably  seconded  by  John  Hilton.  Cele¬ 
brated  collections  of  catches  and  airs,  often  to  old  ballad- 
tunes,  were  issued  by  Hilton  in  1651  and  1658. 

With  the  return  of  Charles  II  to  London,  on  May  29, 
1660,  nearly  every  verse-writer,  like  Dryden — whatever 
his  previous  actions  and  sympathies  had  been— busied  his 

15  VIII,  Pt.  II,  ix— lxviii,  xci-cvii. 


73 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


pen  with  a  congratulatory  poem  or  ballad.  Such  verses 
had  no  significance  except  as  showing  how  poets  trimmed 
their  sails  to  the  wind,  and  are  too  abundant  and  too  well 
known  to  require  space  in  this  book.  Ballads  of  the  years 
1640-1658  have  genuine  historical  importance,  and  it 
has  seemed  best  to  reprint  examples  of  them  only.  A 
single  exception  to  this  rule  is  the  last  ballad  in  the  book 
— “England’s  Object” — which  is  included  as  a  specimen, 
hitherto  unreprinted,  of  the  vindictive  anti-regicide  bal¬ 
lads  that  littered  London  streets  in  1660-1661. 

“The  Cavaliers  Complaint.  To  the  Tune  of  I  tell  thee , 
Dick ,  GV.,”10  of  March  15,  1661,  recounts  the  discontent 
certain  Royalists  felt  at  reaping  no  advantage  from  the 
Restoration.  Speaking  of  the  Court,  it  complains: 

But  truly  there  are  swarmes  of  those 
Who  lately  were  our  chiefest  foes, 

Of  pantaloons  and  muffes; 

Whilst  the  old  rusty  cavaleer, 

Retires,  or  dares  not  once  appear, 

For  want  of  coyne  and  cuffes. 


But  the  ballad-writers  expected  no  reward  from  the 
King,  and  hence  suffered  no  disappointment.  That 
Charles  II  enjoyed  his  own  again  and  that  their  rhymes 
had  assisted  in  this  consummation  was  a  sufficient  reward. 
Henceforth  there  was  almost  no  restriction  on  ballad¬ 
printing  and  ballad-singing.  After  some  fifteen  years  of 
hostile  legislation  and  attempted  suppression,  the  ballad 
was  free.  Small  wonder,  then,  that  Cromwell  and  the 
Rump  are  customarily  depicted  in  ballads  as  tyrants  and 
Charles  II  as  a  king  sans  peur  et  sans  reproche. 

10  Wright,  Political  Ballads ,  p.  258. 


74 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


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Inthis-octj  Parliament. 

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Jr.cr.'mgt  the  llotooncbctp  fisc 
15v  place  o:  bp  or  front: 
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And  guide  the  Parliament. 


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jefcriptioil 


,»  -'s 


’irliament,  on  Munday,the  thirteenth  day  of  .Apritf,t<Spa. 
a  of  nil  Loyall  Subieds. 


\b  and  loj,  &C« 


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ipott  high  ano  eminent, 

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ds  Isas  woeeo  bio  proper  place, 

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tA  Vnto  the  Parliament#, 


!/?ff  mhr»;iivir*  ff  jf 


~  ■“*"**  ■»-* — mu--**  tmuMn.ii  ir  _ 

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5>nr  gracious  ding, oar  Charles  :fceO;«t 
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Vnto  the  Parliament* 


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tanean:b  £iiclcr.rr.  ‘he prince  t'ric  places  b  lue  I 
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I 


An  exact  description 

Wood  401  (139),  B.  L.,  five  columns.  The  single  woodcut,  extend¬ 
ing  about  fourteen  inches  in  length  across  the  sheet,  is  a  splendid  piece 
of  work.  It  presents  in  delightful  fashion  a  view  of  the  royal  pro¬ 
cession  to  Parliament. 

Parker’s  devotion  to  the  King  led  him  into  bestowing  the  title  of 
“Charles  the  Great”  and  into  saying  that  a  legion  of  angels  surrounded 
and  guarded  Charles.  Far  different  was  the  sentiment  of  the  Scots,  the 
army,  the  Puritans.  In  1640,  however,  most  people  looked  forward  to 
the  Parliament  hopefully,  believing  that  the  Lords  and  Commons  would 
redress  all  grievances.  Parker’s  loyalty  has  an  irresistible  appeal.  Nor 
have  the  processions  that  precede  the  opening  of  Parliaments  changed 
so  greatly  even  at  the  present  day  that  his  fine  journalistic  account 
seems  antiquated.  Indeed  as  his  ballad  was  licensed  to  Thomas 
Walkley  as  “An  exact  description  of  the  Manner  how  his  Maiesty  and 
his  Nobles  went  to  the  parliament.  &c.”  on  April  9  (Arber’s  Transcript, 
IV,  505),  four  days  before  the  Parliament  actually  opened,  it  is 
probable  that  Parker  wrote  his  account  from  memory  of  other  processions 
he  had  seen.  This  action  (if  it  actually  occurred)  shows  how  keen — 
and  how  very  modern — was  the  journalistic  spirit  of  the  early  ballad- 
writers  and  ballad-printers. 

The  Short  Parliament  opened  on  April  13,  and  fulfilled  none  of 
Parker’s  predictions.  Because  it  wished  to  discuss  public  grievances 
before  granting  supplies,  and  because  it  refused  to  grant  subsidies  until 
peace  had  been  made  with  the  Scots,  the  Parliament  was  dissolved  on 
May  5,  less  than  a  month  after  its  opening.  Civil  war  was  then  the 
only  way  out  of  the  situation. 

The  tune,  equivalent  to  Green  Sleeves ,  is  given  in  Chappell’s 
Popular  Music  of  the  Olden  Time ,  I,  229. 


77 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Sin  Cxact  JSeScrtplion 

0i  tfjc  manner  fjotn  f)ifi  jflategtie  atib  tyis  Jlobles 
toent  to  tfje  parliament,  on  jUlunbap,  tfje  tfjirteentf) 
bap  of  Sprill,  1640.  to  tfje  comfortable  expectation 

of  all  Hopall  ismbiectS. 


To  the  tune  of  T riumfh  and  Ioy}  &c. 

1  Come  the  merriest  of  the  nine, 

And  now  unto  my  aid  incline, 

I  need  a  little  helpe  of  thine 

For  now  I  have  intent 
Unto  the  world  to  say  and  sing 
The  praises  of  our  royall  King, 

Who  now  this  present  hopefull  spring 

Hath  call'd  a  Parliament. 

2  This  happy  Aprill  will,  I  trust, 

Give  all  true  subjects  reason  just 
Of  joy  to  feele  a  pleasant  gust, 

To  yeeld  them  hearts  content: 

For  we  may  be  assur’d  of  this, 

If  any  thing  hath  beene  amisse, 

Our  King  and  State  will  all  redresse 

In  this  good  Parliament. 

3  The  order  how  they  rode  that  day 
To  you  I  will  in  briefe  display, 

In  the  best  manner  that  I  may, 

For  now  my  minde  is  bent 
To  publish  what  my  selfe  did  see, 

That  absent  (Loyall)  hearts  may  be 

?8 


AN  EXACT  DESCRIPTION 


Participants  as  well  as  wee 
1th 7  joy  oth 7  Parliament . 

4  The  Messengers  oth’  Chamber  all, 

In  their  rich  coats,  on  horses  tall, 

Rode  formost  as  their  places  fall, 

And  next  in  order  went 
Some  Gentlemen1  of  quality, 

That  serve  the  King  for  annuall  fee, 

Thus  every  man  in  his  degree 
Rode  to  the  Parliament. 

5  Heralds  in  rich  coats  did  ride, 

Whose  proper  office  was  to  guide, 

And  range  the  show  on  every  side 

By  place  or  by  descent : 

The  Trumpets  made  a  cheerfull  sound, 
Thus  joy  did  every  where  abound, 

Heaven  blesse  King  Charles ,  the  word  went 
round, 

And  guide  the  Parliament. 

6  The  Masters  of  the  Chancery 

The  next  present  themselves  to  th7  eye, 

The  Councell  of  his  Maiestie, 

All  learn7 d  and  eloquent: 

Next  came  the  Iudges  grave  in  sight, 

In  scarlet  furr’d  with  Miniver  white, 

Thus  every  one  in  order  right 
Rode  to  the  Parliament. 


1  Text  Gentlement. 


79 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


7  The  Master  of  the  Rols2  in  place 
Rode  next  along  with  gentle  pace, 

A  sable  Velvet  gowne  that  space 

He  wore  for  ornament: 

The  sons  of  our  Nobilitie 
Each  one  according  to  ’s  degree, 

In  rich  apparell  brave  to  see, 

Did  ride  to  thd  Parliament . 

8  The  Barons  of  the  Kingdome  all, 

In  Parliament  robes  (as  we  them  call)3 
Each  one  iust  as  his  place  did  fall, 

In  noble  order  went 
By  the  antiquitie  of  blood ; 

The  Bishops  next  made  places  good, 
Each  one  in  ’s  Scarlet  gowne  and  hood, 
Rode  to  the  Parliament . 

9  The  Viscounts  next  in  order  past 
As  due  decorum  did  fore-cast, 

Clad  every  one,  both  first  and  last, 

In  fit  acoutrement: 

Our  Princely  Earles  in  rich  attire, 

Did  cause  spectators  to  admire 
The  peoples  hearts  were  set  on  fire 
For  joy  oth ’  Parliament. 

10  The  noble  Marquesse  Winchester,4 
Whose  vertue  doth  on  him  confer 


2  Sir  Charles  Caesar. 

5  In  the  text  the  first  parenthesis  comes  before  robes. 
*  John  Paulet,  fifth  Marquis. 


8o 


AN  EXACT  DESCRIPTION 


Such  excellencie  which  all  prefer 
Most  high  and  eminent, 

Did  ride  alone  with  gallant  grace, 

As  was  indeed  his  proper  place, 

Thus  all  rode  on  with  stately  pace 
Vnto  the  'Parliament. 

1 1  Earle  Marshall5  with  a  Scepter  of  gold, 

The  Lord  high  Chamberlain0  brave  and  bold, 
His  staffe  of  office  then  did  hold, 

And  thus  in  State  they  went : 

Lord  Treasurer,7  Lord  Privie  Seale8  brave, 
Lord  Keeper,9  and  the  Archbishop10  grave, 
These  next  the  Prince  their  places  have 
Ithf  Court  of  Parliament. 

12  Then  Princely  Charles  (that  hopefull  Lad) 
Whose  sight  made  all  true  subjects  glad, 

Did  ride  (  as  he  good  reason  had) 

In  place  most  eminent: 

Thus  doth  the  streame  of  honour  bring 
Her  Rivolets  all  to  the  head  Spring, 

From  Peer  to  th5  Prince,  from  th5  Prince  to 
th’  King11 

In  this  high  Parliament. 

13  The  next  and  last  in  honours  seat 
Was  he  who  made  the  show  compleat, 

Thomas  Howard,  Earl  of  Arundel  and  Surrey. 

Philip  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke. 

William  Jaxon,  Bishop  of  London. 

Henry  Montagu,  Earl  of  Manchester. 

Sir  John  Finch.  10  Laud. 

Each  thy  is  joined  to  the  word  that  precedes  it. 

81 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Our  gracious  King,  our  Charles  the  Great, 
Our  ioyes  sweet  complement, 

Did  ride  in  state  to  open  sight, 

The  royall  band  of  Pensioners  wait 
About  him  with  guilt  Polaxes  bright 
Vnto  the  Parliament. 

14  The  Master  of  the  horse12  did  lead 
(On  horse-backe)  in  his  hand,  a  Steed, 

A  horse  of  State  tis  call’d  indeed: 

And  last  behinde  him  went 
The  Noble  Captaine,  and  the  Guard, 

All  in  rich  coats  (for  this  prepar’d) 
Against  this  day  no  cost  was  spar’d 
T o  grace  the  Parliament. 

15  Besides  all  this  which  hath  been  told 
(To  speake  the  same  I  dare  be  bold) 
Though  corporall  eyes  could  not  behold, 

A  Legion  did  present 
Celestiall  service  to  attend 
King  Charles ,  and  him  from  harm  defend 
The  King  of  Kings  did ’s  Angels  send 
7”  assist  our  Parlia?nent. 

$%&&&. 

M.  P. 

Printed  at  London,  and  are  to  be  sold  at  the  Horse-shooe 

in  Smithfield. 


anifs,  Marquis  of  Hamilton. 


82 


2 


A  true  subject's  wish 

Wood  401  (141),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts.  The  ballad 
has  been  reprinted  by  Professor  Sir  C.  H.  Firth  in  the  Scottish  Historical 
Review ,  III,  263—265  (April,  1906).  It  was  registered  for  publication 
by  Mrs.  Griffin  on  April  24,  1640  (Arber’s  Transcript ,  IV,  508). 

Here  the  devoted  Royalist  Martin  Parker  hopefully  exhorts  all  true 
Englishmen  to  “freely  disburse  both  person,  purse,  and  all  you  may” 
to  crush  Jocky,  the  rebellious  Scot.  Parker  had  no  doubts  whatever  of 
the  divinity  of  Charles  Ps  rights  or  of  the  true  nobility  of  his  every 
act:  he  devoutly  believed  that  in  every  lawful  thing  Charles  sought  only 
the  weal  of  the  people.  This  loyalty  is  refreshing,  and  it  is  certain  that 
songs  like  this  did  much  to  enable  the  King  to  hold  up  for  a  time  his 
losing  cause.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  why  Parker  contented 
himself  with  balladry  and  prayer,  rather  than  with  martial  deeds: 
perhaps  the  answer  is  that  he  was  too  old  for  active  service  or  that — ■ 
like  Milton  apparently — he  thought  his  pen  likely  to  do  more  good 
than  his  sword. 

Algernon  Percy,  Earl  of  Northumberland  (1602-1668),  was  made 
general  of  the  forces  raised  for  the  second  Scottish  war  in  February, 
1640.  Parker  would  not  have  spoken  so  flatteringly  of  him  (cf.  stanza 
14)  a  few  years  later  when  he  had  turned  to  the  side  of  Parliament 
and  was  acting  as  guardian  of  the  imprisoned  King’s  two  youngest 
children.  On  the  disloyal  intrigues  of  the  Scots  with  the  King  of  France 
(stanzas  8—10),  see  the  discussion  in  Gardiner’s  History  of  England , 
1894,  IX,  90  f. 

For  the  tune  cf.  No.  3. 


83 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


true  gmbiects  tuts;}). 

jfor  tfje  bappp  successe  of  our  3&opaIl  3rmp  pre¬ 
paring  to  resist  tfje  factious  Rebellion  of  tfiose 
insolent  Cobenanters  (against  tfje  satreb  jWaiestp, 
of  our  gracious  anb  lobingfeing  Charles )  in  Scotland. 

To  the  tune  of,  O  how  now  Mars ,  &c. 

1  If  ever  England  had  occasion, 

Her  ancient  honour  to  defend, 

Then  let  her  now  make  preparation, 

Unto  an  honourable  end : 

the  factious  Scot 
is  very  hot, 

His  ancient  spleene  is  ne’er1  forgot 
He  long  hath  bin  about  this  plot. 

2  Under  the  colour  of  religion, 

(With  hypocriticall  pretence) 

They  make  a  fraction  in  that  Region, 

And  Rise  against  their  native  Prince, 
whom  heaven  blesse 
with  happinesse, 
and  all  his  enemies  represse, 
accurst  be  he  that  wisheth  lesse. 

3  Our  gratious  Soueraigne  very  mildely, 

Did  grant  them  what  they  did  desire, 

Yet  they  ingratefully  and  vildty, 

Haue  still  continued  the  fire 

of  discontent 
’gainst  gouernment, 


1  Text  neer\ 


84 


A  TRUE  SUBJECT’S  WISH 

but  England  now  is  fully  bent, 
proud  Iocky’s  bosting  to  preuent. 

4  It  much  importeth  Englands  honour 
Such  faithlesse  Rebels  to  oppose, 

And  eleuate  Saint  Georges  banner, 

Against  them  as  our  countries  foes, 

and  they  shall  see, 
how  stoutly  we, 

(for  Royall  Charles  with  courage  free) 
will  fight  if  there  occasion  be. 

5  Unto  the  world  it  is  apparent, 

That  they  rebell  ith’  high’st  degree, 

No  true  Religion  wil  giue  warrant, 

That  any  subiect  arm’d  should  be, 

against  his  Prince 
in  any  sence, 

what  ere  he  hold  for  his  pretence, 
Rebellion  is  a  foule  offence. 

6  Nay  more  to  aggrauate  the  euill, 

And  make  them  odious  mongst  good  men, 
It  will  appeare,  that  all  their  levell, 

Is  change  of  gouernment,  and  then, 

what  will  insue, 
amongst  the  crew, 
but  locky  with  his  bonnet  blew, 
both  Crown  and  Scepter  would  subdue. 

Who  of  these  men  will  take  compassion, 
That  are  disloyall  to  their  king, 

85 


7 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Among  them  borne  in  their  owne  nation, 
And  one  who  in  each  lawfull  thing, 
doth  seeke  their  weale, 
with  perfect  Zeale, 
to  any  good  man  Tie  appeale, 
if  with  king  Charles  they  rightly  deale. 

Cfje  H>econb  part,  Co  tf )t  game  tune. 

8  The  Lord  to  publish  their  intentions, 

Did  bring  to  light  a  trecherous  thing, 

For  they  to  further  their  inventions, 

A  Letter  wrote  to  the  French  King, 

and  in  the  same, 
his  aide  to  claime, 

with  subtlety  their  words  they  frame, 
which  letter  to  our  Soueraigne  came. 

9  Then  let  all  loyall  subiects  iudge  it, 

If  we  haue  not  a  cause  to  fight, 

Y ou  who  haue  mony  doe  not  grudge  it, 

But  in  your  king  and  countries  right, 
freely  disburse, 
both  person,  purse, 
and  all  you  may  to  auoyd  the  curse, 
of  lasting  warre  which  will  be  worse. 

io  If  they  are  growne  so  farre  audacious, 
That  they  durst  call  in  forraine  aide, 
Against  a  king  so  milde  and  gratious, 
Flaue  we  not  cause  to  be  afraid, 
of  life  and  blood, 
we  then  had  stood, 

86 


A  TRUE  SUBJECT’S  WISH 

in  danger  of  such  neighbourhood, 
in  time  to  quell  them  twill  be  good. 

1 1  Then  noble  Country-men  be  armed, 

To  tame  these  proud  outdaring  Scots, 
That  Englands  honour  be  not  harmed, 
Let  all  according  to  their  lots, 

couragiously 
their  fortune  try, 
against  the  vaunting  enemy, 
and  come  home  crownd  with  victory. 

12  The  noble  Irish  good  example, 

Doth  give  of  his  fidelity, 

His  purse,  and  person  is  so  ample, 

To  serve  his  royall  maiesty, 
and  gladly  he 
the  man  will  be, 
to  scourge  the  Scots  disloyalty, 
if  Englands  honour  would  agree. 

]  3  Then  we  more  neerely  interessed, 

Ith  future  danger  that  might  chance, 

If  that  against  our  soveraigne  blessed, 
Those  rebels  had  got  aide  from  France, 
should  not  be  slacke, 
nor  ere  shrinke  backe, 
or  let  king  Charles  assistance  lacke, 
to  tame  in  time  this  saucy  lacke. 

14  We  have  a  Generali  so  noble, 

(The  great  Earle  of  Northumberland) 

87 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


That  twill  (I  trust)  be  little  trouble, 
Those  factious  rebels  to  withstand : 
his  very  name 
seemes  to  proclaime, 
and  to  the  world  divulge  the  same, 
his  ancestors  there  won  such  fame. 

The  God  of  hosts  goe  with  our  army, 

My  noble  hearts  for  you  ile  pray, 

That  neuer  any  foe  may  harme  ye, 

Nor  any  stratagem  betray 
your  braue  designe, 
may  beames  divine, 
upon  your  ensignes  brightly  shine, 
Amen  say  I,  and  every  friend  of  mine. 

j 

M.  P. 

Printed  at  London  by  E.  G.  and  are  to  be  sold  at  the 
Horse-shoe  in  Smithfield. 


3 

Britain  s  honor 


Wood  401  (131),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

This  loyal  ballad,  in  which  true  Englishmen  are  urged  to  fight  for 
Charles  I,  must  have  appeared  early  in  September,  1640,  after  the  rout 
at  Newburn  on  August  28  and  the  loss  of  Newcastle  to  the  Scots,  as  is 
described  in  the  ballad  next  following,  on  August  30.  It  is  a  glorifi¬ 
cation  of  two  brave  Welshmen — a  race  at  this  time  (though  later  their 
cowardice  became  almost  proverbial  among  the  Cavaliers)  in  high 
favor  for  their  loyalty  to  the  King.  “There  are,”  remarked  the  Scots 
Scouts  Discoveries ,  1642  ( Phoenix  Britannicus ,  1732,  p.  466),  “a  Kind 
of  Beadles  runs  up  and  down,  about  the  Town,  yelping  out  your 
Destruction,  crying;  O  the  Valour  of  the  W elch-men!  who  are  gone  to 
kill  the  Scots:  Well,  look  you  have  Leeks,  and  Causbobby ,  and  give 
them  good  Words,  and  call  them  bold  Britons ,  and  then  you  may  do 
with  them  what  you  will.”  A  long  list  of  Civil-War  works  directed 
against  Welshmen  is  given  in  W.  C.  Hazlitt’s  Remains  of  the  Early 
Popular  Poetry  of  England ,  IV,  323—325,  and  in  his  Handbook ,  1867, 
pp.  637—639. 

The  incident  here  related  has  not,  so  far  as  I  know,  elsewhere  been 
told,  though  there  ought  to  be  pamphlets  on  the  subject.  The  engage¬ 
ment  hardly  seems  to  have  been  as  impressive  as  M.  P.  believed,  since 
only  six  men,  all  told,  out  of  15,000  were  slain.  From  hearsay,  Henry 
Townshend,  of  Worcester  {Diary,  ed.  Bund,  I,  6),  reported  that  the 
Scottish  army  consisted  “of  about  20,000  men  and  1000  women,  with 
some  light  arms  and  17  field  pieces.”  The  ballad  has  been  reprinted  by 
Professor  Sir  Charles  Firth  in  the  Scottish  Historical  Review ,  *111 
(1906),  266-268. 

The  tune  (also  used  for  No.  2)  comes  from  the  first  line,  “Oh!  how 
now,  Mars,  what  is  thy  humour?  ”  of  “An  English  Challenge  and  Reply 
from  Scotland,”  a  ballad  reprinted  in  Ballads  and  Other  Fugitive 
Poetical  Pieces .  .  .  from  the  Collections  of  Sir  James  Balfour ,  pp.  29  ff. 


89 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


5?ritaineS  honour. 

3fn  tfje  ttoio  Valiant  Welchmen,  tofjo  fought  against 
f iftecne  tfjousJanb  Scots,  at  tfjeir  note  tomming  to 
England  passing  obet  Tyne;  tofjereof  one  toaS 
full'll  manfullp  figfjting  against  JjiS  foes,  anti  tfje 
otfjer  being  tafeen  prisoner,  is  note  (upon  relaxa= 
tion)  tome  to  gorfee  to  fjts  fRajcSiie. 

The  tune  is,  How  now  Mars  &c. 

1  You  noble  Brittaines  bold  and  hardy, 

That  iustly  are  deriv’d  from  Brute, 

Who  were  in  battell  ne’re  found  tardy,1 
But  still  will  fight  for  your  repute; 

’gainst  any  hee, 

What  e’r  a’  be, 

Now  for  your  credit  list  to  me, 

Two  W el  chm  ens  valour  you  shall  see. 

2  These  two  undaunted  Troian  worthies, 

(Who  prized  honour  more  then  life,) 

With  Royall  Charles ,  who  in  the  North  is, 
To  salve  (with  care)  the  ulcerous  strife; 

Which  frantick  sots, 

With  conscious  spots, 

Bring  on  their  soules ;  these  two  hot  shots, 
Withstood  full  fifteene  thousand  Scots. 

3  The  manner  how  shall  be  related, 

That  all  who  are  King  Charles  his  friends 
May  be  with  courage  animated, 

Unto  such  honourable  ends ; 

1  Text  ta[]dy. 


90 


BRITAIN’S  HONOR 


These  cavaliers, 

Both  Musquetiers, 

Could  never  be  possest  with  feares, 
Though  the  Scots  Army  nigh  appeares. 

4  Within  their  workes  neere  Tyne  intrench’d 
Some  of  our  Soveraignes  forces  lay; 

When  the  Scots  Army  came,  they  flinched, 
And  on  good  cause  retyr’d  away; 

Yet  blame  them  not, 

For  why  the  Scot , 

Was  five  to  one,  and  came  so  hot, 
Nothing  by  staying  could  be  got. 

5  Yet  these  two  Martialists  so  famous, 

One  to  another  thus  did  say; 

Report  hereafter  shall  not  shame  us, 

Let  Welchmen  scorne  to  runne  away; 

Now  for  our  King, 

Let’s  doe  a  thing 

Whereof  the  world  shall  loudly  ring 
Unto  the  grace  of  our  off-spring. 

6  The  vaunting  Scot  shall  know  what  valour, 
Doth  in  a  Britains  brest  reside; 

They  shall  not  bring  us  any  dolour ; 

But  first  wee’ll  tame  some  of  their  pride. 
What  though  we  dy, 

Both  thee  and  I  ? 

Yet  this  we  know  assuredly, 

In  life  and  death  ther’s  victory. 


91 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 
%\ )t  geconb  part,  to  tfje  game  tune. 


7  With  this  unbounded  resolution, 

These  branches  of  Cadwalader; 

To  put  their  wills  in  execution, 

Out  of  their  trenches  would  not2  stir, 

But  all  night  lay, 

And  would  not  stray, 

Out  of  the  worke,  and  oth’  next  day, 

The  Scots  past  o’r  in  Battell  aray. 

8  The  hardy  Welchmen  that  had  vowed, 

Like  Jonathan  unto  his  David; 

Unto  the  Scots  themselves  they  showed, 

And  so  couragiously  behaved 
Themselves  that  they 
Would  ne’r  give  way, 

But  in  despite  oth’  foe  would  stay, 

For  nothing  could  their  minds  dismay. 

9  Even  in  the  Iawes  of  death  and  danger 
Where  hfteene  thousand  was  to  two, 

They  still  stood  to  ’t  and  (which  is  stranger) 
More  then  themselves  they  did  subdue.3 

Courage  they  cry’d; 

Lets  still  abide, 

Let  Brittaines  fame  be  dignifi’d, 

When  two  the  Scottish  hoasts  defide. 

10  At  length  (when  he  two  Scots  had  killed) 
One  of  them  brauely  lost  his  life, 

2  Text  wouldnot.  3  No  period. 


92 


BRITAIN’S  HONOR 


His  strength  and  courage  few  excelled; 

Yet  all  must  yeeld  toth’  fatall  knife. 

The  other  hee, 

Having  slaine  three, 

Did  Prisoner  yeeld  himselfe  to  be, 

But  now  againe  he  is  set  free. 

1 1  This  is  the  story  of  these  victors, 

Who  as  they  sprung  oth’  Troians  race, 

So  they  did  shew  like,  two  young  Hectors; 
Unto  their  enemies  disgrace; 

Hereafter  may, 

Times  children  sav, 

Two  valiant  Welchmen  did  hold  play, 
With  fifteene  thousand  Scots  that  day. 

12  His  Maiesty  in  Princely  manner, 

To  give  true  vertue  its  reward; 

The  man  surviving  more  to  honour, 

Hath  in  particular  regard. 

Thus  valiant  deeds, 

Reward  succeeds, 

And  from  that  branch,  which  valour  breeds, 
All  honourable  fruit  proceeds. 

13  Now  some  may  say  (I  doe  confesse  it) 

That  all  such  desperate  attempts 
Spring  only  from  foolehardinesse ;  yet 
Who  ever  this  rare  deed  exempts, 

From  valour  true, 

(if  him  I  knew) 

93 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


I  would  tell  him  (and  ’twere  but  due) 

Such  men  our  Soveraigne  hath  too  few. 

14  For  surely  tis  a  rare  example, 

Who  now  will  feare  to  fight  with  ten, 

When  these  two  lads  (with  courage  ample) 
Opposed  fifteene  thousand  men, 

Then  heigh  for  Wales , 

Scots  strike  your  Sayles, 

For  all  your  proiects  nought  prevailes, 

True  Brittains  scorne  to  turne  their  tayles. 

M.  P. 

London  Printed  by  E.  G.  and  are  to  be  sold  at  the  Horse-Shooe 

in  Smith-field. 


94 


4 

News  from  Newcastle 

Manchester,  I,  1,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts.  Half  of  the 
first  column,  comprising  the  first  three  and  a  half  stanzas,  is  torn  away. 
These  stanzas  no  doubt  contained  the  bitterest  part  of  Parker’s  denun¬ 
ciation  of  the  Scots,  though  almost  nothing  of  his  account  of  the  loss  of 
Newcastle  is  missing.  On  Parker’s  anti-Scots  ballads  in  general  see  p.  9. 

Edward,  Viscount  Conway,  commander  of  the  Royalist  Horse,  was 
defeated  at  the  Newburn  ford  of  the  River  Tyne — the  engagement  in 
which  the  two  Welshmen  of  the  preceding  ballad  behaved  so  gallantly 
— on  August  28,  1640.  The  victorious  Scots  pushed  on  to  Newcastle, 
which  Conway  abandoned  on  August  29.  The  next  morning  they 
occupied  that  city,  seizing  the  King’s  custom-house  as  well  as  the  stores 
which  the  royal  army  had  left  behind.  See  the  letter  in  which  Sir 
Henry  Vane  informed  Sir  Francis  Windebank  of  this  disaster  ( Calendar 
of  State  Papers,  Domestic ,  1640—41 ,  p.  248)  and  Gardiner’s  History 
of  England ,  1894,  IX,  192  ff.  Charles  Porter  (stanza  7)  was  the  son 
of  Endymion  Porter,  the  friend  of  Herrick.  Writing  to  a  servant  of 
Endymion  Porter’s,  one  Sergeant-Major  George  Shaw  declared  (No¬ 
vember  6,  1640):  “My  dear  comrade  Charles  Porter,  I  have  no  words 
to  express  my  sorrow  for  that  brave  young  cavalier  of  so  great  expecta¬ 
tions”  {Cal.  State  Papers,  Dom.,  1640 ,  p.  645.  For  further  informa¬ 
tion  about  Charles  see  the  same,  pp.  75,  231).  Henry  Wilmot 
(stanza  6)  was  Commissary-General  of  the  Horse.  Sir  John  Digby 
(stanza  6)  is  mentioned  also  in  the  ballad  next  following.  Parker  may 
have  followed  an  oral  account  of  the  battle. 

For  the  tune  see  No.  6. 


95 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

J^etoeS  from  New-castle  toitb 
®n  gfobertiSement, 

Co  all  Cnglish  men  tijat  (for  tfje  Safetp  of  tfjemselbcs, 
their  SUng  anb  Countrp)  tfjep  toon  lb  abanbon  tfjc  fonb 
opinion,  (bofjich  too  manp  boe  tonteabe)  of  tlje  Scots 
goob  meaning  to  England, our  forefathers  babe 
eber  expertenceb  to  tfje  contrarp;  tfjep  fjabing  bin 
oftentimes  founb  to  bee  eireumbenting  fflacfjiabil- 
lians,  anb  faptfjles  truce  breakers.  Cb<3  bitp  boas 
hjritten  upon  Some  occasion  of  nebaes  from  tfje  North ; 
containing  tfje  Scots  Surprising  of  New-Castle,  toljere 
tfjep  left  tfjree  tfjousanb  men  in  #artSon,  toitlj  a  brief e 
touch  of  Some  of  our  hrabe  CabaleirS  bofjo  manfullp 

fought  in  that  conflict. 


The  tune  is,  Lets  to  the  Wars  againe. 


l  How  shall  we  dare  to  trust  them  now, 
Unlesse  old  time  hath  tane  a  course, 
To  make  them  better  and  us  worse?1 
O  let  not  faire  words ,  &c. 


2  How  ever  they  for  their  owne  ends, 

Count  some  their  foes,  &  some  their  friends, 
If  we  into  their  hands  should  fall, 

The  sword  no  difference  makes  at  all, 

Deare  Country  men  then  credit  not, 

The  promise  of  a  flattering  Scot. 

O  let  not  faire  zvords ,  &c. 


1  Text  wore. 


96 


NEWS  FROM  NEWCASTLE 


3  They  are  you  see  already  come, 

To  seeke  us  at  our  native  home, 

But  sure  (unlesse  my  wishes  fayles) 

They’le  ne’r  returne  to  tell  more  tales, 

If  God  knit  English  hearts  in  one, 

Jocky  will  wish  that  he  were  gone. 

Then  let  not  faire  words ,  &c. 

4  N ew-Castle  they  surprised  have, 

Where  certaine  of  our  gallants  brave, 

Both  horse  and  foote  yielding  their  breath, 

Have  (with  their  dying)  conquered  death, 

Others  likewise  they  prisoners  tooke. 

For  a  reward  they  soone  must  looke. 

Then  let  not  faire  words ,  <3V. 

W[ jc  H>econb  part,  Co  tfje  game  tune. 

5  The  illustrious  vizcount  Conway  stout, 

Did  what  man  could  to  keepe  them  out, 

His  sword  up  to  the  hilts  he  ran, 

In  a  Scots  heart  (some  noted  man,) 

Yet  he  came  off  with  little  harme, 

Only  a  little  hurt  i’th  Arme. 

Then  let  not  faire  words ,  make  fooles  faine , 

But  let  us  he  ate  the  Scots  againe. 

6  That  valorous  and  worthy  Knight, 

(Whose  fame  through  Christendome  shines  bright), 
Bold  S.  John  Digby’ s  horse  dead  shot 
Became  a  prisoner  to  the  Scot , 

2  Parenthesis  not  closed. 


97 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


The  noble  Colonell  Willmot  shard, 

With  brave  sir  John;  both  kept  in  ward. 

Then  let  not  faire  words ,  &c. 

7  That  hopefull  bud  of  chevalry, 

Valiant  Charles  Porter  manfully, 

Being  Cornet  of  a  warlike  troupe, 

Ne’r  yielded  till  death  made  him  stoope, 
He  seal’d  his  honor  with  his  blood, 

Dying  for’s  King  and  countries  good, 
Then  let  not  faire  words,  &c. 

8  His  broken  sword  in’s  hand  was  found, 
(When  he  lay  grovelling  on  the  ground) 
His  Cornet  colors  ’twixt  his  thighes, 

Thus  yielded  he  in  sacrifice, 

His  life  and  blood  in’s  Countries  right, 
Making  his  fame  in’s  death  shine  bright. 
Then  let  not  faire  words.2, 

9  Some  other  of  our  Cavaleirs, 

Were  slaine  and  hurt,  as  it  appears, 

About  six  hundred  men  outright, 

(Of  horse  and  foote)  were  Idl’d  i’th  fight, 
And  of  the  Scots  ’tis  iustify’d, 

As  many  if  not  more  then  dy’d; 

Then  let  not  faire,  & V. 

lo  When  they  surprised  had  the  Towne, 
(Wherein  their  minds  to  us  is  knowne,) 

3  Comma. 


98 


NEWS  FROM  NEWCASTLE 


Three  thousand  men  in  Garison : 

They  left  the  Towne  to  luke  upon, 

They  seas’d  and  seal’d  th’  warehouses  all, 

Is  this  the  thing  you  friendship  call? 

Then  let  not  faire ,  &c. 

1 1  The  Country  must  the  Army  finde, 

Such  charge  the  Scots 4  have  left  behind,5 
With  bread,  cheese,  butter,  drink,  and  smoke, 
All  this  to  doe  they  did  provoke ; 

At  their  returne  they  will  pay  all, 

But  that  I  trust  they  never  shall. 

Then  let  not  faire ,  &c. 

12  Our  Lord  protect  King  Charles;  and  send, 
This  war  may  bring  a  peacefull  end, 

Let  palms  of  victory  deck  his  brow, 

And  having  made  his  foes  to  bow, 

Bring  him  in  safety  home  againe, 

Alwayes  in  peace  heere  to  remaine, 

Then  let  not  faire  words ,  &c . 

M.  P. 

Printed  at  London,  by  E.  G.  and  are  to  be  sold  at  the 
Horse-shoe  in  Smith-field. 


*  Text  Stots. 

5  Text  has  a  parenthesis. 


99 


5 

Good  news  from  the  north 

Wood  401  (133),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts.  The  names 
at  the  end  are  arranged  in  three  parallel  columns,  the  first  ending  with 
the  third  name,  the  second  with  the  twentieth.  Edward  Griffin  regis¬ 
tered  “Good  newes  from  the  North  &c”  on  September  29,  1640 
(Arber’s  Transcript ,  IV,  521).  It  has  been  reprinted  by  Professor  Sir 
Charles  Firth  in  the  Scottish  Historical  Review ,  III  (1906),  269—272. 

The  ballad  deals  with  a  minor  engagement  of  the  war  (though  to 
Parker  it  seemed  of  great  importance),  and  presents  in  efficient  news¬ 
paper  style  news  calculated  to  cheer  the  Royalists.  At  the  end,  a  typical 
war-bulletin  appears,  showing  how  admirably  seventeenth-century  bal¬ 
lads  were  adapted  to  journalism.  An  account  of  the  engagement  is 
given  also  in  Baillie’s  Letters ,  I,  261;  in  letters  from  Sir  Henry  Vane 
and  Captain  John  Digby  ( Calendar  of  State  Papers ,  Domestic ,  1640 — 
41,  pp.  79—81,  178);  and  in  the  life  of  Sir  Thomas  Smith  (Edward 
Walsingham’s  Britannicae  Virtutis  Imago ,  or  the  Effigies  of  True 
Fortitude ,  Oxford,  1644,  pp.  7—8.  Cf.  Professor  Firth’s  notes,  loc. 
cit .,  p.  269).  Vane’s  letter  to  Secretary  Windebank,  as  summarized  in 
the  Calendar  of  State  Papers ,  runs: 

Lieutenant  Smith,  who  commanded  Sir  John  Digby’s  troop,  with  60  horse  sur¬ 
prised  Sir  Alexander  Douglas,  Major  to  Colonel  Ramsay,  that  took  Sir  John 
Digby  prisoner  who  came  into  Yorkshire  over  Tees  with  60  horse  and  were  plun¬ 
dering  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Pudsey,  who  gave  our  troops  notice  of  their  being  there. 
Captain  John  Digby,  the  Earl  of  Bristol’s  son,  with  three  or  four  troops  cut  off 
their  passage  at  Croft  Brigg,  the  great  rains  made  the  river  not  fordable,  so  that 
10  of  them  offering  to  swim  the  river  were  drowned,  21  that  resisted  were  killed 
on  the  spot,  37  taken  prisoners,  besides  all  the  officers  and  the  horses  of  the  whole 
troop  with  such  arms  as  they  had,  which  are  but  mean  and  so  are  their  horses. 


Thomas  Pudsey,  at  whose  house  the  fight  occurred,  had  been  granted 
by  the  government  on  March  30,  1616,  a  pension  of  £160  per  annum 
during  the  life  of  his  wife  Faith,  in  consideration  of  the  fact  that  his 


lOO 


GOOD  NEWS  FROM  THE  NORTH 

father  had  loaned  to  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  £1000  that  was  never  repaid 
( Calendar  of  State  Papers ,  Domestic ,  1611-18 ,  p.  359). 

This  is  probably  one  of  the  ballads  against  the  Scots  to  which 
Margery  Marprelate  referred  (cf.  pp.  8  ff.).  It  shows  Parker,  as  always, 
bitterly  disdainful  of  the  Scottish  rebels:  he  was  so  devoted  to  Charles  I 
that  he  had  no  patience  with  rebellion,  whatever  its  cause. 

The  tune,  which  comes  from  a  ballad  not  extant,  was  used  fre¬ 
quently,  as  for  “The  Seaman’s  Song  of  Captain  Ward”  ( Roxburghe 
Ballads ,  VI,  423,  784;  cf.  I,  457), 


101 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

<©oob  iHetnes  from  tfje 

®rulp  relating  tjoto  about  a  fjunbreb  of  tfje  Scottish 
iUXebelei,  intenbing  to  plunber  tfje  fjoube  of  ffl.  Thomas 
Pudsie  (at  Stapleton  in  tfje  iBisljoprick1  of  Durham.) 
Mere  stet  upon  bp  a  troupe  of  our  fjorfiemen,  unber  tfje 
conbuet  of  tfjat  trulp  batoroufi  gentleman  Heiutenant 
Smith,  heiutenant  to  noble  ^>r.  Iohn  Digby;  ttjirtp 
nine  of  tfjem  (tofjereof  Some  toere  men  of  qualltp)  are 
taken  prisoners,  tfje  rebt  alt  slatne  except  foure  or  fibe 
tofjttjj  fteb,  taofjerof  ttoo  are  brohmeb.  ®fje  names;  of 
tijetn  taken  is;  inserteb  in  a  list  bp  it  kelfe.  hfjis  teas; 
upon  jfribap  about  fore  of  tfje  clock  in  tfje  morning, 
tfje  eigfjtentfj  bap  of  tfjis  instant  September,  1640. 


The  tune  is,  King  Henry  going  to  Bulloine. 


1  All  you  who  wish  prosperity, 

To  our  King  and  Country, 

and  their  confusion  which  falce  hearted  be, 
Here  is  some  newes  (to  cheare  your  hearts,) 
Lately  from  the  Northerne  parts, 

of  brave  exployts  perform’d  with  corage  free. 

2  The  Scots  (there  in  possesion,)  2 
Almost  beyond  expression, 

afflict  the  people  in  outragious  wise ; 

Besides  their  lowance  (which  is  much) 

The  cruelty  of  them  is  such, 

that  all  they  find  they  take  as  lawfull  prise. 

3  Sheepe ,  Oxen ,  Kine  and  Horses, 

Their  quotidiall  course  is, 

1  Text  Bishopri[  ]k.  2  Parenthesis  not  closed. 

102 


GOOD  NEWS  FROM  THE  NORTH 


to  drive  away  where  ever  them  they  finde ; 

Money  plate  and  such  good  geere, 

From  the  Houses  far  and  neere, 

they  beare  away  even  what  doth  please  their  mind. 

4  But  theirs3  an  ancient  adage, 

Oft  used  in  this  mad  age, 

the  Pitcher  goes  so  often  to  the  Well; 

That  it  comes  broken  home  at  last, 

So  they  for  all  their  knavery  past, 

shall  rue  ere  long  though  yet  with  pride  they  swell. 

5  As  this  our  present  story, 

(To  the  deserved  glory,4 

of  them  who  were  the  actors  in  this  play,) 

Unto  you  shall  a  relish  give, 

Of  what  (if  heaven  let  us  liue;) 

will  come  to  passe  which  is  our  foes  decay. 

6  These  rebels  use  to  pillage, 

In  every  country  Village, 

and  unresisted  romed  up  and  downe ; 

But  now  at  last  the  greedy  Scot, 

Hath  a  friday’s  breakefast  got, 

few  of  such  feasts  wil  pull  their  courage  down.5 

7  At  foure  o’th  clock  i’th  morning, 

(Let  all  the  rest  take  warning) 

about  a  hundred  of  these  rebels  came; 

To  M.5  Pudseys  house  where  they, 

Made  sure  account  to  have  a  prey, 

for  their  intention  was  to  rob  the  same. 

3  I.e.,  there’s.  4  Period.  5  No  period. 

103 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


8  Of  no  danger  thinking, 

To  eating  and  to  drinking, 

the  Scots  did  fall,  but  sure  they  said  no  grace, 
For  there  they  eat  and  drank  their  last, 

With  ill  successe  they  brake  their  fast,0 
most  of  them  to  disgest  it  had  no  space. 

9  An  English  troope  not  farre  thence, 

Had  (it  seemes)  intelligence 

of  these  bad  guests  at  Master  Pudseyes  house, 
And  with  all  speed  to  Stapleton , 

With  great  courage  they  rode  on, 

while  Jocky  was  drinking  his  last  carouse. 

i  o  The  house  they  did  beleaguer 
And  like  to  Lions  eager, 

they  fell  upon  the  Scots  pell-mell  so  fast, 
That  in  a  little  space  of  time, 

Byth’  Rebels  fall  our  men  did  clime, 

they  paid  them  for  their  insolencies  past. 

Wi )t  seconb  part.  Qlo  tije  Same  tune. 

1 1  In  briefe  the  brave  Lieutenant, 

With  his  men  valiant, 

so  plaid  their  parts  against  the  daring  foes, 
That  quickly  they  had  cause  to  say, 

Sweet  meat  must  have  sowre  sauce  alway, 
for  so  indeed  they  found  to  all  their  woes. 

12  Thirty  nine  are  prisoners  taine, 

And  all  the  rest  outright  are  slaine, 

6  Period. 

104 


GOOD  NEWS  FROM  THE  NORTH 


except  some  foure  or  five  that  ran  away, 

And  two  of  those  (as  some  alledge) 

Were  drown’d  in  passing  o’ re  Crofts  bridge, 
so  neer  they  were  pursu’d  they  durst  not  stay. 

13  Of  them  who  are  in  durance 
(Under  good  assurance) 

some  officers  and  men  of  quality, 

Among  them  are,  ’tis  manifest, 

To  them  who  will  peruse  the  List, 

Wherein  their  names  are  set  down  orderly. 

14  Thus  worthy  Smith  his  valour, 

Hath  showne  unto  the  dolor, 

of  these  proud  Rebels,  which  with  suttle  wiles, 
Came  as  in  zeale  and  nothing  else, 

But  now  deare  bought  experience  tels 

those  were  but  faire  pretences  to  beguil ’s. 

15  But  th’  end  of  their  intention 
Is  if  (with  circumvention) 

they  can  make  us  beleeve  what  they  pretend, 
They’ll  hold  us  on  with  fained  words, 

And  make  us  loath  to  draw  our  swords, 

to  worke  our  mine,  that’s  their  chief est  end. 

16  But  God  I  trust  will  quickly 
Heale  our  Kingdome  sickly, 

too  long  indeed  sick  of  credulity; 

And  their  blind  eyes  illuminate, 

Who  bring  this  danger  to  the  State, 
by  trusting  to  a  friend-like  enemie. 

lie  dayly  pray  and  hourely, 

As  it  doth  in  my  power  lye, 

105 


U 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


to  him  by  whom  Kings  reigne ;  that  with  successe, 
King  Charles  goe  on  and  prosper  may, 

And  (having  made  the  Scots  obay,) 

rule  o’re7  his  Lands  in  peace  and  happinesse.8 

18  Se^temb.  1640  being  Fryday  morning. 

At  Stapleton  3  miles  beyond  Pearce  bridge  wee  met  with  the  Scots 
at  4  of  the  Clocke  in  the  morning  at  Master  Pudseys  house  in  the 
Bishopricke  of  Durham,  at  breakfast,  when  wee  made  our  Skirmish. 
Lieutenant  Smith  had  the  day,  five  or  six  of  them  escaped  by  Croft 
bridge,  where  they  say  they  make  their  Randevous,  the  prisoners  that 
were  taken,  are  these  that  follow,  viz. 


1  Sir  Archibald  Douglasse , 

19 

Rob.  Leisley. 

Sergeant  Maior  to  Collonel. 

20 

la.  Ramsey. 

2  lames  Ramsey. 

21 

Allen  Duckdell  a  dutch  boy 

3  lohn  Leirmouthy  Lieutenant  to 

wounded. 

Captaine  Ayton. 

22 

Alexander  F ordringham. 

4  Hopper  Cornet  to  the  Maior 

23 

lo.  Cattricke. 

D  u  glass  e. 

24 

Allen  Levingston. 

5  la.  Ogley,  Sarjeant  to  the  said 

25 

George  H arret. 

Major. 

26 

Andrew  Tournes. 

6  Patricke  Vamphogie  troup. 

27 

Robert  Watts. 

7  lames  Colvildell. 

28 

Alexander  W atts. 

8  lames  Levingston. 

29 

William  Anderson. 

9  Hector  Mackmouth. 

30 

Io.  Layton. 

10  lohnCowde. 

31 

Alex.  Dick. 

1 1  lohn  Hench. 

32 

Patricke  Cranny. 

1 2  Alexander  Paxton ,  wounded. 

33 

William  Simpson. 

1  3  William  Ridge. 

34 

Tho.  Husband  neere  dead. 

14  David  Buens  wounded. 

35 

lo.  Hill. 

15  Adam  Bonny er. 

36 

Thomas  Ferley. 

16  Rob.Ferrony. 

37 

Andrew  W hit  eh  all. 

17  Io.Milverne. 

38 

lames  Vianley. 

1  8  David  Borret. 

jf 

M.  P. 

London  Printed  by  E.  G.  and  are  to  be  sold  at  the  signe  of  the 
Horse-shooe  in  Smithfeld.  1640. 8 

7  Text  or’e.  8  No  period. 

106 


6 

The  great  Turli  s  terrible  challenge 

Manchester,  I,  2,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts.  The  colophon 
is  mutilated.  Punctuation  marks  are  used  sparsely. 

The  only  ballad  entered  in  the  Stationers’  Register  on  a  theme 
similar  to  this  was  Henry  Gosson’s  “The  Turkes  denouncing  of  warr 
against  ye  Christians,”  May  21,  1640  (Arber’s  Transcript,  IV,  512). 
Soloma  Hometh  is  better  known  as  Murad  IV,  the  most  cruel  of  all 
Turkish  sultans,  who  ruled  from  1623  to  1640.  According  to  stanza  2, 
Murad  was  thirty-three  years  of  age  at  his  death.  This  assertion  is 
supported  by  various  authorities,  who  place  his  birth  in  1607;  others 
give  the  date  1609;  while  in  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica ,  eleventh 
edition,  it  is  said  to  be  1611.  Murad  was  succeeded  by  his  brother, 
Ibrahim,  who  was  murdered  in  1648.  For  a  pamphlet  which  repeats 
some  of  the  details  given  in  the  ballad  see  the  Harleian  Miscellany , 
1809,  IV,  37-38. 

The  tune  of  My  bleeding  heart  comes  from  the  first  line  of  Martin 
Parker’s  “A  Warning  to  All  Lewd  Livers.  To  the  tune  of  Sir  Andrew 
Barton ”  ( Roxburghe  Ballads ,  III,  23).  It  is  not  known,  but  Let  us  to 
the  wars  again  (cf.  Nos.  4,  59) — named  from  the  refrain  of  a  ballad 
reprinted  in  my  Pepysian  Garland ,  No.  73 — is  equivalent  to  Maying 
Time ,  the  music  for  which  is  given  in  Chappell’s  Popular  Music , 
I,  377. 


107 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

®be<©vcat®urfeg  terrible  Challenge,  tfjiss  peare  1640. 
iPronounceb  against  tije  Cmperour  of  #ermanp  anti 
tfje  $Ung  of  flolanb  bp  Soloma  Hometh  tofjo  latelp 
beteaSeb,  but  eontinueb  bp  i)i&  brother  Ibraim,  ttje 

first  of  that  name. 

To  the  tune  of  My  bleeding  heart ,  or  Lets  to  the  wars  againe. 

1  You  that  desire  strange  newes  to  heare, 

Unto  my  story  now  give  eare, 

Great  warres  there  is  pronouncd  of  late, 

By  him  who  doth  all  Christians  hate : 

Gainst  Romes  Imperiall  Maiesty,1 
And  King  of  Poland2  joyning  nigh, 

By  the  great  Turk  who  would  devoure, 

Each  Christian  kingdome  by  his  power. 

2  Soloma  Hometh  called  so, 

This  Tirant  grat  and  Christians  foe, 

At  three  and  thirty  yeeres  of  age, 

Death  hnisht  up  his  dayes  and  rage : 

Yet  for  all  that  their  Turkish  hate, 

Gainst  Christian  kings  doth  naught  abate, 

But  God  deliver  Christians  all, 

That  they  by  such  do  never  fall. 

3  Though  death  did  happily  prevent, 

The  cruell  Tirants  bad  intent, 

Yet  hee  which  doth  him  now  succeed, 

More  terrors  to  the  world  doth  breed: 

Whose  bloody  purpose  is  inclinde, 

To  prosecute  as  twas  designd, 

2  Wladislaus  IV. 

108 


1  Frederick  III. 


THE  GREAT  TURK’S  TERRIBLE  CHALLENGE 


The  Christian  kingdomes  to  devoure, 

But  God  confound  the  Pagans  power. 

4  With  fearfull  sentence  challenging, 

Romes  Emperor,  and  Polands  king, 

Their  Princes,  Peeres,  and  Pope3  also, 

With  all  that  there  adjoynes  unto: 

For  by  their  kingdomes  crownes  they  sweare, 
To  come  before  their  Cities  there, 

But  God  deliver  Christians  all, 

That  they  by  such  do  never  fall. 

5  And  will  with  thirteen  kingdomes  rise 
The  Christian  world  for  to  surprise, 

Full  thirteen  hundred  thousand  strong 
Of  Turkish  powers  to  march  along, 

With  full  intention  to  subdue, 

The  Christian  princes  with  this  crew, 

But  God  deliver  Christians  all, 

That  they  by  such  do  never  fall. 

6  Nay  more  say  they,  behold  at  length 
With  all  our  great  Imperiall  strength, 

Such  as  by  you  was  never  seen, 

Nor  yet  in  any  kingdome  been: 

Weell  come  your  nations  to  destroy, 

Which  you  shall  never  more  injoy, 

But  God,  & c. 

7  With  mighty  power  for  to  subdue, 

The  Germane  Emperor,  and  pursue 

8  Urban  VIII. 

109 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Him  to  the  end  with  fire  and  sword, 

And  tiranny  to  be  abhord : 

Also  the  Polanders  devoure, 

With  force  of  armes  and  Pagans  powre, 

But  God  deliver  Christians  all, 

That  they  by  such  doe  never  fall. 

Ki )t  geconb  ipart  to  tfje  game  {Eune. 

8  They  give  them  for  to  understand, 

How  they  will  terrifie  each  land, 

To  rob  to  murther  and  destroy 
With  burning  all  they  do  injoy, 

And  put  them  to  the  cruellest  death, 

That  ever  was  devizd  on  earth : 

But  God  deliver  Christians  all, 

That  they  by  such  do  never  fall. 

9  Their  bloody  minds  they  thus  reveale, 

The  golden  scepter  and  the  seale, 

Of  Rome  say  they  wee  will  suppresse, 

And  fill  your  nations  with  distresse, 

And  those  say  they  we  prisners  take 
More  worse  then  dogs  of  them  weele  make.4 
But  God  &c. 

10  The  Turke  against  the  Polands  King 

Five  hundred  thousand  strong  doth  bring 
And  of  Tartarians  by  him  sent 
To  Wallachy  Seventy  thousand  went 
Which  puts  the  country  in  great  fear 

*  No  period. 

1  10 


THE  GREAT  TURK’S  TERRIBLE  CHALLENGE 


To  see  their  enemies  so  neere : 

But  Lord  &c. 

1 1  The  king  of  Poland  for  this  end 
Lord  Palatine"  to  Rome  did  send 
Embassadors  to  certifie 

There  enimies  aproached  nigh, 

In  the  meane  time  the  Polander 
Great  preparation  makes  for  warre, 

But  Lord  &c. 

12  The  Turkes  of  Tunnis  and  Argier 
To  aggravate  the  peoples  feare 
With  sixty  saile  of  galleys  goes 
The  Christian  kingdomes  to  oppose, 
Such  preparation  there  is  still, 

As  may  the  world  with  rumours  fill. 

But  God,  &c. 

13  A  greater  navy  there  is  more 
Providing  neere  the  Turkish  shore, 

Of  ships  and  Gallies  sixscore  sayle, 
Least  they  should  of  their  purpose  fayle. 
The  Knights  of  Malta  they  likewise, 

For  to  prevent  their  enemies, 

The  landing  of  the  Turks  to  stop, 

Have  strongly  blockt  their  Harbors  up. 

14  Within  five  leagues  the  enemies, 

From  the  Polonian  frontiers  lies, 

Where  unawares  they  chancst  to  fall, 

On  the  Polonians  Generali. 

6  Charles  Lewis. 


1  1  1 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Who  with  foure  hundred  men  and  horse, 

Went  to  discry  the  Turkish  force, 

But  most  part  of  his  men  are  slaine, 

And  he  with  hurt  return’d  againe. 

15  So  that  in  Poland  there  is  bred, 

By  them  great  terror  and  much  dread, 

For  to  behold  their  enemy, 

So  strong  against  their  frontiers  ly, 

For  which  they  have  proclaim’d6  a  fast, 

That  God  in  mercy  at  the  last, 

May  rid  them  of  these  Pagans  all, 

That  they  by  them  may  never  fall. 

Printed  for  Richard  Harder  at  the  Bible  [and  Harp  in  Smithfield.] 


*  Text  prolaim’d. 


7  Sheet  torn. 


7 

Beggars  all  a-row 

Manchester,  II,  34,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts,  slightly 
mutilated.  Brackets  indicate  tears  in  the  text. 

The  date  is  about  1640—1641.  On  Humphrey  Crouch,  the  author, 
see  No.  12,  and  observe  that  in  stanza  15  as  well  as  in  No.  54  he  speaks 
of  his  personal  poverty.  In  both  cases,  of  course,  Crouch  may  have  been 
jesting,  but  one  suspects  that  in  his  remarks  there  was  actually  more 
truth  than  poetry.  Ballads  seldom  brought  money  to  the  pockets  of 
their  authors.  The  tune  is  given  in  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  341. 
The  ballad  from  which  it  is  derived  and  which  is  referred  to  in  the 
first  line  below  was  registered  for  publication  on  June  9,  1637  (Arber’s 
Transcript ,  IV,  385),  and  is  preserved  in  Wit  and  Drollery ,  1661  (cf. 
Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VIII,  668). 

The  opening  stanza  (9)  of  Part  Two  is  a  very  good  specimen  of  the 
popular  bacchanalian. 


ii3 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


&  pleasant  nets  song  tfjat  platnelp  botf)  sljotoo, 
tljat  al  are  ikggerS,  boll)  fjigt)  anti  loin, 

3  tneane  estate  let  none  besptse: 
for  tis  not  JfMonep  tfjat  makes  a  man  Inise. 

To  the  tune  of  Cuckolds  all  a  row. 

1  Come  cease  your  songs  of  Cuckolds  row 

for  now  tis  somthing  stale, 

And  let  vs  sing  of  Beggers  now, 

For  thats  in  generall, 

In  City  and  in  Country, 
men  from  high  to  low, 

In  each  degree  or  quality, 

Are  Beggers  all  a  row. 

2  How  many  men  are  there  that  liue, 

and  doe  no  good  at  all 
And  such  had  rather  spend,  then  giue 
to  them  that  liue  in  thrall, 

Lose  a  hundred  at  a  cast, 
as  much  at  the  next  throw, 

But  what  comes  of  them  at  the  last, 

Beggers  all  a  row. 

3  Some  countrey  Lads  that  backward  thriues, 

left  with  a  large  estate, 

Weary  of  those  countrey  Hues, 
they  haue  enough  of  that : 

The  countrey  then  the  City  courts, 
a  countrey  life’s  too  low, 

For  here  are  many  tricks  and  sports, 
makes  Beggers  all  a  row. 

114 


BEGGARS  ALL  A-ROW 


4  First  for  a  Coach  and  horses, 

theres  one  reuersion  flies, 

[The  sejconds  [for]  new  Fashions, 
[and  all  such  va]nities, 

[Another  goes  for]  Maid  and  Man, 
[his  fortune  soon]e  growes  low, 

[He  sells  his  Co]ach  for  a  Sedan, 
\with  Beggers  all  a  rozv.\ 

5  I  saw  a  handsome  proper  youth, 

and  he  was  wonderous  flne, 

But  when  I  vnderstood  the  truth, 
his  case  was  worse  then  mine, 

On  wine  and  Drabs,  he  did  all  spend, 
which  wrought  his  ouerthrow, 

So  fortune  plac’d  him  in  the  end, 
with  Beggers  all  a  row.1 

6  I  haue  a  Mistris  of  mine  owne, 

that  beares  a  lofty  spirit, 

Though  gold  and  siluer  she  hath  none 
nor  any  good  demerit, 

Yet  will  she  braue  it  with  the  best, 
where  euer  she  doth  goe, 

And  be  at  euery  Gossips  feast, 
with  Beggers  all  a  row. 

7  But  of  all  Beggers  he’s  the  worst, 

that  doth  eomplaine  he’s  poore: 
And  euermore  shall  be  accurst, 
that  starues  in  midst  of  store, 

1  Comma. 


115 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Let  Usurers  therefore  take  heed, 
least  to  the  Deuill  they  goe, 

That  doe  complaine  before  they  neede, 
with  Beggers  all  a  row . 

8  Gilbert  loues  the  Ale-house  well, 

Dick  will  not  be  behind, 
lane  and  Tib,  and  bonny  Nell, 
are  to  each  other  kind, 

For  two  full  pots,  come  let  vs  joyn[e] 
although  our  states  be  low, 

My  money  still  shall  goe  with  thin[e,] 
Begge\rs  all  a  r]ow. 

gecottb  part,  GTo  tfje  £ame  tune. 

9  In  faith  my  Landlord  is  not  paid, 

and  what  care  I  for  that, 

My  Grannam  she  hath  often  said, 
that  care  will  kill  a  Cat, 

Come  fill  vs  tother  Pot  good  Boy, 
and  then  introth  weele  goe, 

Come  neighbour  why  are  you  so  coy, 
we  are  Beggers  all  a  row. 

10  lone  hath  paund  her  band  of  Lawne, 
and  Tom  his  fudling  Cap, 

Ralph  hath  laid  his  Cloke  to  pawne, 
for  to  maintaine  the  Tap, 

The  Ale-house  thriueth  best  I  see, 
this  all  the  world  doth  know, 

So  here  good  fellow  here’s  to  thee, 
Beggers  all  a  row. 

1 16 


BEGGARS  ALL  A-ROW 


1 1  I  haue  another  Teaster  yet, 

and  cannot  be  content, 

I  cannot  rest  nor  quiet  sit, 
till  all  my  money  be  spent, 

Too  much  money  makes  men  mad, 
the  prouerb  plaine  doth  show, 

And  want  of  mony  makes  men  sad, 
and  Beggers  all  a  row. 

12  The  bloudy  fight  moues  me  to  wrath, 

between  [the]  Dutch  and  Spaine, 

I  gladly  [now]  would  know  the  truth, 
who  [’twas  the]  fight  did  gaine, 

The  D[utch  attempted  as  its  knowne, 
the  S[pania]rd’s  ouerthrowe, 

Now  bo[th  o]f  them  may  make  their  moane 
w’ are  \Be\ggers  all  a  row. 

13  A  Country  man  did  sell  his  Nagge, 

three  Heafers,  and  a  Bull, 

And  brought  to  towne  a  Canuas  bag, 
with  writings  filled  full, 

But  all  the  money  that  he  had 
the  Lawyer  puld  it  too, 

Alasse  poore  man  thy  cause  is  bad, 

Beggers  all  a  row. 

14  Two  men  did  passe  their  words  of  late 

for  a  Knaue  as  I  did  heare, 

They  paid  the  debt,  and  broke  their  state 
for  he  would  not  appeare, 

117 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Let  others  take  example  then, 
lest  they  themselues  ouerthrow, 

Today  they  may  be  gentlemen, 

then  Beggers  all  a  row. 

15  I  that  made  this  song  of  late, 

haue  well  obserued  the  time, 

Ide  rather  liue  in  meane  estate, 
then  higher  seeke  to  climbe, 

My  money  is  my  lackie-boy, 

I  send  him  too  and  fro, 

Sweet  content  I  doe  inioy, 
with  Beggers  all  a  row. 

16  He  that  begges  an  almes  of  heauen, 

cannot  complaine  he’s  poore, 

His  daily  Bread  is  daily  giuen, 
what  can  he  wish  for  more? 

Thus  all  are  Beggers  euery  day, 
all  both  high  and  low, 

In  this  we  may  conclude  and  say, 
w’ are  Beggers  all  a  row. 

Humfrey  Crozvch. 

[Prjinted2  by  M.  F.  for  R.  Harper }  and  are  to  be  sold  at 
the  Bible  and  [Harp]2  in  Smithfield.3 


2  Torn. 

3  No  period. 


118 


The  life  and  death  of 
Sir  Thomas  Wentworth 

C.  20  f.  2  (8),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

Whatever  may  have  been  Laurence  Price’s  sentiments  during  the 
Civil  War,  here  he  expresses  great  devotion  to  the  King  and  the  royal 
family,  and  shows  hearty  approval  of  the  execution  of  Thomas  Went¬ 
worth,  Earl  of  Strafford — consent  to  which  is  generally  regarded  as 
one  of  the  most  discreditable  of  Charles  I’s  acts.  As  Price  chronicles, 
Strafford  was  made  President  of  the  Council  of  the  North  in  1628, 
Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland  in  1629,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  in  1640, 
Knight  of  the  Garter  and  commander  of  the  army  against  the  Scots  in 
1640.  He  was  impeached  by  the  Long  Parliament  on  twenty-eight 
counts,  which  dealt  with  his  conduct  in  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
and  was  condemned  by  a  bill  of  attainder.  His  melancholy  fate  has 
attracted  poets  as  widely  separated  in  genius  as  Price,  John  Cleveland, 
John  Denham,  and  Robert  Browning. 

Professor  Trent  remarks  that  “one  might  legitimately  claim  for 
Price’s  ballad  a  distinct  Draytonian  quality  despite  the  homeliness  which 
distinguishes  the  later  poet.”  Not  so  much  can  be  said  for  a  poem  in 
heroic  couplets  written  by  one  of  Price’s  rivals — uAn  Elegie  Vfon  The 
Death  of  Thomas  Earle  of  Straff or d,  Lord  Lievtenant  of  Ireland. 
Who  was  beheaded  ufon  Tower-Hill ,  the  12  of  May ,  1641.  By 
Thomas  Herbert.  Printed  Anno.  Dom.  1641.”  Herbert  (who  is  dis¬ 
cussed  on  pp.  18  f.,  above)  writes  in  this  vein: 

O  let  Lord  Wentworths  fall,  which  once  was  wise, 

Cause  us  repent,  that  by  it  we  may  rise: 

The  quintessence  of  valour  he  accounted  was, 

But  yet  the  Devill  was  too  strong,  alas  ! 

Who  can  deride  him?  and  not  rather  weep, 

That  he  by  Satan  should  be  layd  asleep 
In  vain  securitie.  Ireland  forget  his  sinne, 

Only  forsake  those  steps  which  he  trod  in. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


An  account  of  the  execution  is  given  in  a  pamphlet  called  The  Two 
Last  Speeches  of  T ' homas  W entzvorth,  1641.  In  the  same  year  verses, 
beginning,  “Go,  empty  joys,”  said  to  be  of  Strafford’s  own  composition 
were  published  in  broadside-ballad  form. 

For  the  tune  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  174. 


Wt je  true  manner  of  tfje  life  anti  ©eatfj 
of  H>tr  Thomas  Wentworth ,  late  ltorb=lUebtenant 
JSeputp  of  3frelanb,  TEorb  tfHenerall  of  Ijis  Jflajefities 
&rmp,  i&ntgfjt  of  tljc  i^oble  orber  of  tfje  barter,  fcofjo 
bias  befjeabeb  tfje  12.  bap  of  tins  present  monetfj 

of  May ,  1641. 


The  tune  is  W ell  ad  ay  W  elladae. 


1  Country  men  list  to  mee 
patiently  patiently, 

And  you  shall  heare  and  see, 

As  time  giues  leasure, 

The  obiect  of  mishap, 

Caught  fast  in  his  owne  trap, 
Cast  out  of  fortunes  lap, 
Through  his  owne  folly. 

2  Sir  Thomas  W entworth  hee, 

At  the  first  at  the  first 
Rose  to  great  dignitie, 

And  was  beloved, 

Charles  our  most  gratious  King 
Grac’t  him  in  many  a  thing, 
And  did  much  honour  bring, 

On  his  proceedings. 


120 


LIFE  AND  DEATH  OF  THOMAS  WENTWORTH 


3  Fames  Trumpet  blasoned  forth 
His  great  name,  his  great  name 
Lord  president  of  the  North, 

So  was  he  called, 

And  as  I  understand, 

Hee  had  in  Ireland, 

A  place  of  great  command, 

To  raise  his  fortunes. 

4  More1  honour  did  befall, 

Unto  him  unto  him, 

He  was  Lord  generall, 

Of  the  Kings  army, 

These  titles  giuen  had  hee 
By  the  Kings  Maiestie, 

And  made  assuredly 
Knight  of  the  Garter. 

5  But  here’s  the  spoyle  of  all, 
Woe  is  mee,  woe  is  mee, 
Ambition  caus’d  his  fall, 
Against  all  reason, 

Hee  did  our  lawes  abuse, 

And  many  men  misuse, 

For  which  they  him  accuse, 
Quite  through  the  kingdome. 

« 

6  New  lawes  hee  sought  to  make, 
In  Ireland  in  Ireland 

If  he  the  word  did  speake, 

None  durst  withstand  him, 

1  Text  Mo[]e. 


121 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

Hee  rul’d  with  tyranny, 

And  dealt  most  cruelly, 

To  men  in  misery, 

The  like  was  neare  heard  of. 

Cfje  i£>econb  part,  Co  tfje  game  tune. 

7  He  hath  done  thousands  wrong 
As  his  knowne  as  his  knowne 
And  cast  in  prison  strong, 

Our  King’s  liege  people, 

Such  cruelty  possest 
H  is  black  polluted  brest, 

Hee  thought  himselfe  well  blest, 
In  acting  mischiefe. 

8  But  those  that  clime  highest  of  all 
Oftentimes  oftentimes, 

Doe  catch  the  greatest  fall, 

As  here  appeareth, 

By  this  unhappy  wight, 

Who  wrong’d  his  Countryes  right, 
And  over  came  by  might, 

Our  good  king’s  subiects. 

9  To  London  Tower  at  last, 

He  was  brought,  he  was  brought, 
For  his  Offences  past, 

And  just  deservings, 

And  after  certainely, 

He  was  condemn’d  to  dye, 

For  his  false  trechery, 

’Gainst  King  and  Country. 


122 


LIFE  AND  DEATH  OF  THOMAS  WENTWORTH 


10  It  being  the  twelfth2  day 
In  this  moneth  of  May, 

As  true  reports  doe  say, 

Hee  came  to  his  tryall, 

The  Nobles  of  our  land, 

By  Iustice  lust  command, 
Past  sentence  out  of  hand, 
That  he  should  suffer. 

1 1  When  the  appointed  time, 
Was  come  that  he  should  dye, 
For  his  committed  crime, 

The  ax  being  Ready, 

Up  to  the  scaffold  hee, 

Was  brought  immediately, 
Where  thousands  came  to  see, 
Him  take  his  death. 


12  After  some  Prayers  said, 

And  certaine  speeches  made, 

O’  th’  block  his  head  he  layd, 
Taking  his  farewell. 

The  heads-man  bloodily, 
Divided  presently, 

His  head  from  his  body, 

With  hees3  keene  weapon. 

13  Heauen  grant,  by  his  downefall 
That  others  may  take  heed, 
Lord  send  amongst  us  all, 

True  peace  of  conscience, 

2  Text  twel[]th.  3  I.e.,  his. 


123 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


And  may  our  King  and  Queene, 
Amongst  us  long  be  seene, 

With  all  their  branches  greene, 

To  all  our  comfort. 

L.P. 

London,  printed  for  Richard  Burton ,  and  are  to  be  sold  at  the 
horse  shooe  at  the  Hospitall  gate  in  Smithfield. 


124 


9 

Keep  thy  head  on  thy  shoulders 

Manchester,  II,  48,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

This  ballad  was  written  shortly  after  May  12,  1641,  the  date  on 
which  Lord  Strafford  (stanza  1)  was  beheaded.  Laurence  Price  saw  fit 
to  celebrate  Strafford’s  execution  in  a  woeful  good-night  (No.  8) ; 
John  Lookes,  in  lighter  vein,  airily  dismisses  him,  ridicules  the  ad¬ 
herents  of  the  King  who,  to  escape  Strafford’s  fate,  have  fled  from 
England,  and  declares  that,  while  beer  and  wine  are  obtainable,  he 
will  scoff  at  this  “running  disease”  and  will  stay  at  home  to  carouse. 

Sir  Francis  Windebank,  Secretary  of  State,  and  John,  Lord  Finch, 
Lord  Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal,  in  1640  set  the  fashion  of  running 
away:  the  former,  when  summoned  before  the  House  of  Commons 
early  in  December  to  give  an  account  of  his  interference  in  the  army, 
the  court,  and  elsewhere  in  favor  of  Roman  Catholics,  was  afraid  to 
face  the  interrogators  and,  on  December  10,  fled  to  France,  carrying 
letters  of  introduction  written  by  the  Queen;  the  latter,  impeached  as 
a  traitor  in  December,  fled  to  the  Hague  in  a  vessel  of  the  royal  navy. 
Both  gentlemen  were  the  subject  of  numerous  satirical  ballads  and 
pamphlets — for  example,  Times  Alteration ;  or}  A  Dialogue  betzveene 
my  Lord  Finch  and  Secretary  Windebancke ,  at  their  meeting  in  France , 
1641  (669.  f.  4  (4)) — and  many  passing  scornful  allusions  are  made 
to  them  in  such  works  as  the  well-known  Stage-Players'  Comflaint 
(1641). 

The  “running  disease”  was  soon  contracted  by  Henry  Percy,  Henry 
Jermyn,  Sir  John  Suckling,  and  Sir  William  Davenant  (stanzas  6,  7), 
who  were  implicated  in  the  Army  Plot  of  May,  1641.  All  fled: 
Jermyn  and  Suckling  reached  France  in  safety,  but  Davenant  was 
captured,  brought  before  Parliament,  tried,  and  acquitted.  His  subse¬ 
quent  career  is,  of  course,  familiar  to  everybody.  Satirical  references 
to  Suckling’s  flight  are  too  numerous  and  too  well  known  to  need 
citation  here. 

John  Lookes  writes  with  complete  detachment  about  the  tragedy 

125 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


underlying  the  death  of  Strafford  and  the  self-inflicted  exile  of  the 
King’s  adherents.  Evidently  (cf.  stanza  8)  he  sympathized  with  Par¬ 
liament  rather  than  the  King.  But  too  few  of  his  ballads  are  preserved 
for  one  confidently  to  speak  of  his  political  affiliations.  In  any  case, 
he  continued  to  write  ballads  at  least  until  1648.  In  that  year,  his 
name  is  familiarly  linked  with  Martin  Parker’s  as  if  the  two  men  were 
the  leading  balladists  of  the  time.  Says Mercurius  Pragmaticus  (No.  12), 
in  speaking  of  Francis  Rous’s  translation  of  the  Psalms:  “the  more 
discerning  spirits  charge  him  with  a  Combination ,  as  if  he  had  taken 
John  Lookes ,  Martin  Parker ,  and  such  high  flying  wits  of  this  Refor¬ 
mation ,  to  be  partners  in  the  work.  I  wonder  the  Company  of 
Stationers  would  deprive  the  Corporation  of  Ballad-mongers  of  such  a 
choice  peece But  I  have  found  no  other  allusion  to  him,  and 
oblivion  has  almost  engulfed  his  work.  In  the  Manchester  Collection, 
Lookes  is  represented  by:  (1)  “A  famous  Sea-fight:  OR,  [A  Bloo]dy 
Battell,  which  was  fought  between  the  Spaniard  [and  th]e  Hollander , 
beginning  on  the  sixth  day  of  this  present  month  of  September , 
163  [9]  being  Friday  .  .  .  To  the  Tune  of  Brave  Lord  Willoughby ” 
(II,  36),  slightly  mutilated;  (2)  a  fragment  of  a  ballad  printed  by 
Francis  Grove,  of  which  the  refrain  is  “O  thou  Projector  whither  wilt 
thou  stray?”  (II,  52);  (3)  another  fragment,  printed  by  Francis 
Grove  and  dealing  with  the  execution  at  Winchester  of  one  William 
Annall  for  murdering  Alice  Vinson  (II,  54);  and  (4)  “The  Ragman” 
(I,  46),  which  is  reprinted  in  the  Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VII,  78;  VIII, 
777.  The  first  of  these  ballads,  “A  famous  Sea-fight,”  deals  with  the 
episode  referred  to  in  No.  7,  stanza  12. 

The  tune  is  named  from  the  refrain  of  the  ballad  itself  and  re¬ 
quires  a  measure  different  from  that  of  the  Cherrily  and  Merrily 
given  in  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  285.  Rhythmically  the  ballad  is 
very  good,  and  the  lilting  refrain  almost  sings  itself. 


126 


KEEP  THY  HEAD  ON  THY  SHOULDERS 


Jkttpt  tfjp  fjeafo  on  tfjp  Sfjoulfcersi, 

Unto  3f  totU  feeepe  mine. 

OR, 

A  merry  health  drunke  in  Wine  and  Beere , 
Not  to  them  that  flyes  for  7, 

But  to  those  that  stayes  heere. 

To  the  tune  of,  Merrily  and  cherrily ,  &c. 

1  Though  Wentworths  beheaded, 

Should  any  Repyne, 

Thers  others  may  come 
To  the  Blocke  besides  he : 

Keepe  thy  head  on  thy  Shoulders 
I  will  keepe  mine; 

For  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  mee‘? 
Then  merrily  and  cherrily 
Lets  drink  off  our  Beere , 

Let  who  as  will  run  for  it 
Wee  will  stay  heere. 

2  What  meanes  our  brave  gallants 
So  fast  for  to  flye : 

Because  they  are  afraid 
That  some  danger  might  be, 

They  car’d  not  for  seeing 
The  Deputy  dye, 

But  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  me : 

Then  merrily  and  cherrily 
Lets  drink  off  our  Beere , 

Let  who  as  will  run  for  it , 

We  will  stay  heere. 

127 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


3  Since  that  Finch  and  Windebanke 
First  crost  the  Seas, 

To  shun  some  great  danger 
Its  thought  they  fore-see; 

Ther’s  many  hath  catched 
The  Running  Disease, 

But  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  mee'? 
Then  merrily  and  cherrily 
Lets  drinke  off  our  Beere , 

Let  who  as  will  run  for  it , 

We  will  stay  heere . 


4  Although  some  by  running, 

To  scape  had  the  hap, 

Which  formerly  feared 
They  punisht  should  be 
Yet  others  as  cunning, 

Were  catcht  in  the  trap, 

But  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  mee, 
Then  merrily  and  cherrily 
Lets  drink  off  our  Beere , 

Let  who  as  will  run  for  it , 

We  will  stay  heere. 


5  A  man  to  doe  evill 

And  have  too  much  Grace, 

Me  thinkes  its  a  wonder 
Most  strange  for  to  see, 

So  little  in  person, 

Yet  great  by  his  place: 

But  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  me, 

128 


KEEP  THY  HEAD  ON  THY  SHOULDERS 

Then  merrily  and  cherrily 
Lets  drinke  off  our  wine 
Keepe  thy  head  on  thy  shoulders , 

I  will  keepe  mine . 

GTjje  seconti  iPart,  to  tfje  same  3Tune. 

6  What  strength  hath  an  infant 
To  doe  any  harme 

So  long  as  the  keeper 

Doth  it  over  see 

Its  fit  that  a  Sucklin 

Were  led  by  the  arme 

But  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  me? 

Then  merily  and  cherily 
Lets  drink  off  our  wine 
Keepe  thy  head  on  thy  shoulders 
I  will  keepe  mine. 

7  Though  Iermin  and  others 
Were  loath  to  rehearse, 

What  they  thought  in  England , 

Here  acted  should  be, 

Let  Davinant  write  downe 
Their  travells  in  verse, 

But  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  me, 

Then  merrily  and  cherrily 
Lets  drinke  up  our  Beere , 

Let  who  as  will  run  for  it , 

We  will  stay  he  ere. 

8  Since  no  Canterbury , 

Nor  old  womans  tale, 

129 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Or  dissimulation 
Will  credited  be, 

The  Popish  Supporters 
Begin  for  to  fade, 

But  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  me? 
Then  merrily  and  cherrily 
Lets  drink e  off  our  wine , 

Keepe  thy  head  on  thy  shoulders , 

1  will  keepe  mine. 

9  Though  some  with  much  patience 
Hath  suffered  long: 

Who1  after  much  tryall 
[Are  la]tely2  set  free: 

And  others  be  punish’ t 
Which  did  them  such  wrong, 

But  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  me 
Then  merrily  and  cherrily ,  (Sc. 

10  Suppose  that  the  Masse-Priests 
And  Iesuits  all, 

Which  troubled  our  Nation 
Should  banished  be; 

Weel  never  be  danted 
At  Bahylons  fall, 

For  what  is  all  this  to  thee  or  to  me? 

Then  merrily  and  cherrily ,  (Sc. 

1 1  Lets  never  be  sorry 
For  that  which  is  past, 

1  Text  wtjo.  *  Torn. 

130 


KEEP  THY  HEAD  ON  THY  SHOULDERS 


That  each  man  ins  calling 
Most  Iocond  may  be, 

Still  hoping  long  look’t  for 
Will  come  at  the  last, 

And  times  at  more  certaine,3 
We  shortly  shall  see,3 
Then  merrily  and  cherrily 
Lets  drinke  of  our  wine ,  &c. 

12  If  that  all  false  Traytors, 

Were  banisht  our  Land, 

And  that  from  all  Popery 
It  once  might  be  free, 

Then  England  and  Scotland 

Might  joyne  hand  in  hand 

Then  times  will  prove  better  to  thee  &  to  me. 

So  merrily  and  cherrily 

W eel  drinke  wine  and  Beere, 

Let  who  as  will  run  for  it , 

We  will  stay  he  ere. 

j T$m&. 

lohn  Lookes . 

LONDON , 

Printed  for  Thomas  Lambert ,  1641. 


3 


These  two  lines  properly  form  only  one  line. 


131 


IO 


The  bishops'  last  good-night 

669.  f.  4  (61),  roman  and  italic  type,  two  columns,  two  woodcuts. 
The  first  cut  represents  Laud  seated  at  his  table  and  saying,  “Only 
Canonicall  prayers  no  afternoon  sermons.”  A  group  of  bishops  on  his 
right  are  saying,  “So  we  desire  it,”  while  two  citizens,  evidently  rep¬ 
resenting  Parliament,  reply,  “Then  no  Bishops.”  In  the  second  cut, 
the  Pope,  wearing  a  triple  crown,  carrying  a  large  sceptre,  and  riding 
a  many-headed  beast,  addresses  three  men — a  “Jesuit”  with  a  knife  in 
his  hand,  a  “Fryer,”  and  a  “Papist” — with  the  words  “Estote  prodi- 
tores  Betraye  your  Country.”  Across  the  top  of  the  sheet  above  the 
cuts  is  the  legend, 

Where  Popery  and  Innovations  doe  begin,  There  Treason  will 
by  degrees  come  in. 

Under  them  is, 

If  they  had  ruld  still,  where  had  we  been?  God  keepe  us 
from  Prelates,  Popish  Prelates. 

A  heavy  lace  border  encloses  the  entire  sheet,  and  the  two  columns  are 
separated  by  a  lace  rule  of  another  design.  The  printing  is  very  good, 
and  the  sheet  itself  striking  and  pleasing.  The  colophon,  it  will  be 
observed,  is  in  the  same  stanza-form  as  the  text.  Thomason  simply 
dates  the  sheet  (which  is  described  in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue 
of  Satirical  Prints ,  I,  166)  “February”  (1642).  Another  copy  of  it 
was  formerly  in  the  Huth  library. 

The  occasion  was  this:  On  December  28,  1641,  the  House  of  Lords 
debated  on  a  motion  to  declare  that,  “in  consequence  of  the  continued 
presence  of  the  rabble,  Parliament  was  no  longer  free.”  By  a  majority 
of  four  votes,  the  Lords  on  the  following  day  voted  that  Parliament 
was  free.  Only  two  of  the  bishops,  however — Goodman  and  Pierce — 
had  been  bold  enough  in  the  face  of  the  hostile  London  mob,  to  take 
their  seats  in  the  Parliament;  so  that  on  the  same  day  (December  29) 
Archbishop  Williams  presented  to  Charles  I  a  protest  signed  by  himself 

132 


THE  BISHOPS’  LAST  GOOD-NIGHT 


and  eleven  bishops  for  presentation  to  the  House  of  Lords.  “The 
bishops,  it  declared,  having  been  violently  assaulted  in  coming  to  the 
House,  and  lately  chased  away  and  put  in  danger  of  their  lives,  could 
find  ‘no  redress  or  protection.’  They  therefore  protested  that  all  laws, 
orders,  votes,  resolutions,  and  determinations  made  in  their  absence 
were  null  and  void;  or,  in  other  words,  that  the  vote  of  the  28th, 
declaring  Parliament  to  be  free,  was  to  be  set  aside  as  irregular.”  The 
King  turned  the  protest  over  to  the  Lords,  who  sent  it  to  the  Commons 
as  “containing  high  and  dangerous  consequence”  and  as  encroaching 
upon  the  fundamental  privileges  of  Parliament.  On  December  30,  all 
twelve  bishops  were  impeached  as  guilty  of  high  treason  “by  endeav¬ 
ouring  to  subvert  the  fundamental  laws  of  the  kingdom,  and  the  very 
being  of  Parliament.  One  member  indeed  said  that  ‘he  did  not  believe 
they  were  guilty  of  treason,  but  that  they  were  stark  mad;  and  there¬ 
fore  desired  that  they  might  be  sent  to  Bedlam.’  No  other  voice  was 
raised  in  their  favour.”1  Before  night,  ten  of  the  signers  were  sent 
to  the  lower;  two — Wright  and  Morton — because  of  their  age  and 
infirmity,  to  the  House  of  the  Usher  of  the  Black  Rod. 

The  protest  can  be  seen  in  the  Journals  of  the  House  of  Commons , 
II,  362,  and  the  Journals  of  the  House  of  Lords ,  IV,  496.  (Cf.  also 
Robert  Lemon’s  Catalogue  of  .  .  .  Printed  Broadsides ,  No.  323.) 
The  signers  were  John  Williams  (Archbishop  of  York),  George 
Coke  (Hereford),  Geoffrey  Goodman  (Gloucester),  Owen  Morgan 
(Llandaff),  Thomas  Morton  (Durham),  William  Pierce  (Bath  and 
Wells),  Robert  Skinner  (Oxford),  John  Towers  (Peterborough), 
Matthew  Wrenn  (Ely),  Robert  Wright  (Lichfield  and  Coventry), 
Joseph  Hall  (Norwich),  and  John  Owen  (St.  Asaph’s).  Most  of  them 
were  released  from  prison  after  a  comparatively  short  time,  though 
Wrenn  remained  in  confinement  until  the  Restoration. 

The  present  ballad  is  a  very  unsympathetic  song  of  triumph  on  the 
downfall  of  these  men  by  a  rabid  hater  of  the  episcopacy.  He  wished 
the  latter  to  be  destroyed  root  and  branch,  and  no  doubt  he  lived  to 
see  this  wish  temporarily  accomplished. 


1  S.  R.  Gardiner,  History  of  England ,  1603-1642,  1894,  X,  118—125. 

i33 


Biftiops. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

,  whcrc  Popery  and  Innovations  doe  bcein*. 


If  they  had  mid  ftill,  where  had  we  been  i 


I. 

Come  downe  Prelates,  all  arow, 

Your  Protestation  brings  you  low, 

Have  not  we  alwayes  told  you  so; 

You  are  too  sawey  Prelates, 

Come  downe  Prelates. 

II. 

Canterbury  your  Armes  from  the  Steeple  high, 

The  stormes  have  caused  low  to  lie, 

You  know  not  how  soone  your  selfe  may  die, 
Prepare  your  selfe  Canterbury ; 

Downe  must  Canterbury . 

III. 

Y orke ,  when  you  were  Lincolne  of  late, 

You  were  in  the  T ower ,  yet  still  you  will  prate, 

134 


Citizens. 


THE  BISHOPS’  LAST  GOOD-NIGHT 


How  dare  you  Protest  against  the  whole  State, 
You  are  too  bold  Y or ke , 

Come  downe  proud  Yorke. 

IV. 

Durham ,  how  dare  you  be  so  bold, 

To  have  the  Parliament  by  you  contrould, 
’Twere2  better  you  to  the  Scots  had  been  sold, 

You  are  deceived  Durham, 

Come  downe  old  Durham. 

V. 

Coventry,  and  Lichfeild,  your  Popery  is  knowne, 
’Twere2  better  you  had  let  the  Parliament  alone, 
But  now  it’s  too  late  to  make  your  moane, 

You  are  fast  Coventry, 

Come  downe  Coventry. 

VI. 

Norwich,  is  your  Remonstrance3  come  to  this, 

We  now  see  what  your  humilitie  is; 

Were  vou  removed  from  Exeter  for  this, 

You  are  led  away  Norwich, 

Ctime  downe  Norwich. 

VII. 

Asaph,  what  a  change  is  here, 

You  that  even  now  was  so  great  a  Peere, 

And  now  a  Prisoner  this  new  yeare ; 

You  must  lie  by  it  Asaph, 

In  the  Tower  Asaph. 

T ext  T5  were. 

/ 

An  Humble  Remonstrance  to  the  High  Court  of  Parliament  (1640  and  1641), 
subject  of  virulent  attacks  by  John  Milton. 

i35 


The  Pope. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


There  Treafbn  will  by  degrees  come  in. 


God  kcepe  ns  from  Prelates,  Popiffi  Prelates. 

VIII. 


Bath  and  Weis,  where  is  now  thy  hope, 

Canst  thou  not  get  a  pardon  from  the  Pope, 
To  passe  away  without  a  Rope? 

Where  art  thou  Bath  and  Weis? 

Down  must  Bath  and  Weis. 

IX. 

Hereford ,  was  never  so  promoted, 

Since  out  of  the  Convocation  he  was  rooted, 
To  hasten  this  project  it  was  well  footed, 
To  bring  thee  down  Hereford , 

Down  must  Hereford. 

X. 

Oxford ,  the  Students  will  curse  thy  fact, 

For  doing  of  such  an  ungodly  Act, 

136 


Jefuit,  Fryer,  and  Papift. 


THE  BISHOPS’  LAST  GOOD-NIGHT 


Thy  credit  now  is  utterly  cract : 

You  are  not  for  Oxford , 

But  the  Tower  Oxford. 

XI. 

Ely ,  thou  hast  alway  to  thy  power, 

Left  the  Church  naked  in  a  storme  and  showre, 
And  now  (for’t)  thou  must  to  thy  old  friend 
ith’  Tower; 

To  the  Tower  must  Ely, 

Come  away  Ely. 

XII. 

Gloster ,  go  tell  old  William 4  now, 

That  thou  art  made  perforce  to  bow, 

Meerly  drawn  in,  thou  knowst  though  how, 
You  must  away  Gloster , 

To  prison  poore  Gloster. 

XIII. 

Peterborough ,  England  knows  thee  well, 

Where  is  thy  candle,  book,  and  Bell*? 

Thy  Pardons  now  will  never  sell, 

There’s  no  help  Peterborough , 

Go  must  Peterborough. 

XIIII. 

Eandaff ,  provide  for  St.  Davids  day, 

Lest  the  Leeke,  and  Red-herring  run  away, 

Are  you  resolved  to  go  or  to  stay? 

You  are  called  for  Eandaff , 

Come  in  Eandaff. 

jfifjam 

e.y  Archbishop  Laud. 

!37 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

London  Printed  in  the  yeer  that  ended, 

When  the  Prelates  Protestation  against  the  Parliament  was  vended, 
And  they  were  sent  to  the  Tower,  as  the  old  yeer  ended, 

By  a  dozen  together, 

In  frosty  weather. 

Anno  Dom.  1642. 


138 


1 1 

Thanks  to  the  Parliament 

Luttrell  Collection,  III,  61,  roman  and  italic  type,  two  columns, 
no  woodcuts. 

The  author  sings  a  paean  of  rejoicing  over  the  attitude  and  achieve¬ 
ments  of  the  Long  Parliament.  He  had  in  delight,  for  more  than  a 
year  following  its  opening  on  November  3,  1640,  watched  its  gradual 
assumption  of  the  reins  of  government.  Pointing  out  that  only  the 
Parliament  enables  men  to  live  in  peace,  free  from  the  tyranny  of 
ship-money,  monopolies,  and  papists,  he  fails  to  mention  directly  any 
action  of  the  King’s,  though  on  the  King  his  poem  throughout  is  a 
veiled  attack.  The  Parliament,  he  says,  goes  in  terror  of  its  life,  but 
will  nevertheless  act  courageously.  Evidently  he  was  a  devout  Puritan. 
Few  ballads  with  this  point  of  view  are  known,  and  for  that  reason  this 
ballad  is  a  welcome  addition  to  our  general  knowledge  of  the  period. 

The  printer  Underhill  was  himself  an  author.  He  died  about  1660 
(cf.  G.  E.  B.  Eyre’s  Transcript  of  the  Stationers'  Registers ,  II,  243, 
320). 


139 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

®t>anfee*  to  tfje 


1  Come  let  us  cheere  our  hearts  with  lusty  wine, 
Though  Papists  at  the  Parliament  repine; 

And  Rattle-Heads  so  busily  combine 

That  thou  canst  call  thy  Wife  and  Children  thine, 
Thanke  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsells . 

2  Like  silly  Sheepe  they  did  us  daily  sheare, 

Like  Asses  strong  our  backes  were  made  to  beare, 
Intollerable  burdens,  yeare  by  yeare, 

No  hope,  no  helpe,  no  comfort  did  appeare, 

But  from  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

3  With  taxes,  and  Monopolies  opprest, 

Ship-mony,  Souldiers,  Knighthood,  and  the  rest, 
The  Coate  and  Conduct-mony  was  no  jest, 

Then  think  good  neighbour  how  much  we  are  blest 

In  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

4  Were  not  these  plagues  worse  then  a  sweeping  rot, 
O  how  unkindly  did  they  use  the  Scot ; 

But  those  bould  blades  did  prove  so  fiery  hot 
This  swinging  Bowie  to  them,  this  other  Pot 

To  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

5  Who  did  regard  our  povertie,  our  teares, 

Our  wants,  our  miseries,  our  many  feares, 

Whipt,  stript,  and  fairely  banisht  as  appeares ; 

You  that  are  masters,  now  of  your  owne  eares 

140 


THANKS  TO  THE  PARLIAMENT 


Bless  e  the  great  Court  sell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

6  Great  paine  to  till  the  land  ere  it  be  sowne, 

And  yet  the  bread  we  eate  was  not  our  owne, 

So  greedy  were  those  Catterpillers  growne, 

But  now  the  nest  of  filthy  Birds  are  flowne 

From  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

7  At  Country  men,  they  had  a  deadly  sting 

They  would  have  pul’d  us  bare  both  taile  and  wing 
And  all  for  sooth  for  profit  of  the  King, 

Are  they  not  found  false  knaves  in  every  thing 

By  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

8  Had  not  these  theeves  an  Ore  in  every  Boate, 

And  still  their  wicked  mallice  is  afloate, 

Would  they  not  now  perswad’s  to  cut  our  throate, 
By  printed  Proclamations  against  the  Vote, 

Of  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

9  See  how  this  wise  Assembly  they  abuse, 

And  fill  their  heads  with  tittle  tattle  Newes, 

As  if  they  were  farre  worse  than  Turkes  and  Jewes, 
Because  they  are  the  men  whom  we  did  chuse, 

For  the  great  Councell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

o  Simion  and  Levy,1  Twins  together  joyn’d, 

In  Alter-worship,  let  their  flockes  be  pin’d, 

1  See  Genesis,  xxxiv. 


Hi 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Why  should  men  preach  that  have  so  little  minde4? 
This  makes  these  Wolves  so  easily  inclin’d 
’ Gainst  the  great  Counsell 2  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

1 1  Now3  tell  me  Tom ,  shall  we  thus  cheated  be, 

By  Papists,  Athiests,  and  the  Hirarchie 

To  fall  from  those  who  faine  would  set  us  free, 

And  undergoe  such  care  for  thee  and  me, 

That  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

12  The  bloody  Papist  act  their  Tragicke  part, 

Though  covered  close  with  Subtilty  and  Art, 

The  Prelates  have  their  Spoke  in  the  same  Cart, 
Both  ayming  now  to  wound  us  to  the  heart ; 

In  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

13  Where’s  our  defence  if  we  cut  off  our  hand, 

Shall  we  to  fire  our  houses  light  a  brand, 

And  joyne  with  those  who  would  destroy  the  Land, 
For  my  part  I  resolve  to  fall  or  stand, 

With  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

14  They  goe  in  feare  of  poyson  and  of  knives,4 

Are  slaves  themselves  to  free  our  feete  from  gyves, 
Neglect  their  owne  to  save  us  and  our  wives, 
lie  loose  them  all,  had  I  a  thousand  lives, 

For  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 


2  Text  Conusell.  3  Text 'New. 


4  Period. 

142 


THANKS  TO  THE  PARLIAMENT 

Come  Drawer  quickly  bring  us  up  our  score 
We  will  not  pay  in  Chalke  behind  the  doore, 
The  Sun  is  sleeping  on  the  Westerne  Shore, 
Meete  me  to  morrow  I  will  tell  thee  more 

Of  the  great  Counsell  of  the  King , 

And  the  Kings  great  Counsell. 

LONDON , 

Printed  for  Thomas  Underhill ,  at  the  Signe  of  the  Bible 

in  Woodstreet,  1642. 


I  2 

A  godly  exhortation 

669.  f.  6  (87),  roman  and  italic  type,  two  columns,  no  woodcuts. 
Thomason’s  date  is  November  9,  1642. 

It  is  difficult  from  this  sheet  to  determine  Humphrey  Crouch’s 
political  affiliations.  He  seems  to  have  been  much  distressed  at  the 
turmoil  into  which  godlessness,  sectarianism,  and  quarrels  between  King 
and  peers  have  thrown  England,  and  in  the  second  and  third  stanzas  he 
comments  on  the  overthrow  of  the  Established  Church  as  if  he  were  an 
adherent  of  it;  but  to  no  party  does  he  definitely  commit  himself. 
Perhaps  his  poem  is  a  fair  reflection  of  the  state  of  mind  of  ordi¬ 
nary  men  in  the  streets:  such  persons  always  find  themselves  vaguely 
distressed  by  wars,  which  interrupt  their  business  and  happiness  for 
causes  that  are  obscure  or  inexplicable.  The  condition  of  London,  with 
its  streets  full  of  armed  men  and  with  cannon  at  every  gate,  is  pre¬ 
sented  graphically. 

Crouch  was  a  voluminous  writer  of  chap-books  and  ballads.  Several 
of  the  latter  are  reprinted  in  this  volume  (Nos.  7,  23,  54);  another 
is  in  the  Manchester  Collection  (II,  52);  still  others  are  scattered 
through  the  Roxburghe  Ballads  (I,  469;  II,  154;  VI,  542,  560).  Like 
John  and  Edward  Crouch,  Humphrey  printed  ballads  and  broadsides; 
for  example,  “A  Whip  for  the  back  of  a  backsliding  Brownist”  (ca. 
1640),  a  verse  sheet  in  the  Luttrell  Collection,  II,  237.  Among  his 
works  may  be  mentioned  also  Loves  Court  of  Co?iscience ,  1637,  a  group 
of  mediocre  amatory  poems  (reprinted  by  J.  P.  Collier  in  1866);  The 
Comfleat  Bell-Man ,  a  series  of  short  poems,  ca.  1640,  on  the  various 
saints’  days  (Bodleian,  Wood  110  (7));  The  Parliainent  Of  Graces , 
Briefly  shewing  The  banishment  of  Peace,  the  farewell  of  Amity ,  the 
want  of  Honesty ,  the  distraction  of  Religion ,  etc.,  a  prose  pamphlet 
dated  1642  (Wrenn  Library,  The  University  of  Texas);  The  Welsh 
Traveller,  or  the  Unfortunate  W elshman,  165  5,  a  highly  popular 
book,  a  later  edition  of  which  is  reprinted  in  Hazlitt’s  Remains  of  the 
Early  Popular  Poetry  of  England,  IV,  329  fL;  and  A  New  and  Pleas- 

144 


A  GODLY  EXHORTATION 


ant  History  of  unfortunate  Hogd  of  The  Sovth ,  165  5,  a  collection  of 
twenty-three  short  prose  jests  (Bodleian,  Wood  259  (6)).  For  further 
works  by  Crouch  see  the  catalogue  of  the  Thomason  tracts  and  the 
Stationers’  Registers  for  November  9,  1638,  and  April  5,  165  5.  Com¬ 
plimentary  verses  by  him  and  by  the  dramatist  Thomas  Heywood  were 
printed  in  Randolph  Mayeres’s  “catalogue  of  his  disasters”  called 
Mayeres  His  Travels  (1638). 

I  have  found  a  few  contemporary  references  to  him.  Mercurius 
Britannicus  for  July  11,  1648,  p.  69,  remarks  that  “the  late  Franticke 
Triumvirate ,  that  were  met  together  in  the  name  of  the  King  at 
Hampton  Court.  .  .  .  commanded  a  Secretary  ...  to  write  a  Decla- 
ration ,  and  two  Epistles  generall  to  the  P arliament  and  City  (who,  had 
Humphrey  Crouch  presented  them  with  a  Ballad ,  would  have  accepted 
it  with  as  much  reverence).”  In  its  calendar  for  February,  Merlinus 
Anonymous ,  165  5,  sig.  A  6V,  notes:  “ Humphrey  Crozvch  printed  his 
famous,  &  long  expected  Romance  called  Vnfortunate  Jack ,  1650.” 
Finally,  in  Sportive  Funeral  Elegies ,  1656,  Crouch  is  ranked  with 
Samuel  Smithson  and  Laurence  Price  as  one  of  the  “glorious  three”  of 
balladry  (cf.  p.  67).  It  would  be  gratifying  if  Crouch  were  the  poet 
addressed  in  the  jocular  verses  “To  Mr.  Humphrey  C.  on  his  Poem 
entitled  Loves  Hawking  Bag”  that  appear  in  the  Choice  Poems  (1669, 
p.  104)  of  Sir  Aston  Cokaine.  But  I  can  find  no  trace  of  such  a  poem 
and  fear  that  it  was  the  work  of  one  Humphrey  Cumberford,  to  whose 
memory  on  a  later  page  (193)  Cokaine  contributed  a  satirical  epitaph. 


H5 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


a  <g>obij>  m  ®its 

m&W MmmM.  Vetoing  tie  true 
cause  of  tits  unnaturall  CtbtU  Mar  amongst  us. 
Psal  1L .  Verse  XV. 

Call  upon  me  in  the  time  of  trouble,  so  will  I  heare 
thee,  and  thou  shalt  praise  me. 

1  When  pride  aboundeth  in  the  City, 

And  peoples  hearts  are  void  of  pity; 

When  little  children  learne  to  sweare, 

And  wickednesse  abounds  each  where. 

Then  let  Gods  people  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

2  When  as  Gods  service  is  neglected, 

And  able  Ministers  rejected: 

When  Popery  resteth  in  the  land, 

And  strives  to  get  the  upper  hand. 

Then  let  Gods  people  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

3  When  people  they  have  itching  eares, 

Desturb  our  Church,  and  grieve  our  Peers : 
When  men  despise  good  government, 

And  spurne  against  the  Parliament. 

? Tis  time  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

4  When  as  the  Kingdome  is  divided, 

And  by  the  sword  the  cause  decided : 

When  Law  and  Justice  take  no  place, 

And  people  lose  their  hold  of  grace. 

146 


A  GODLY  EXHORTATION 


5 Tis  time  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

5  When  people  stumble  at  a  straw, 

And  make  their  own  selfe  will  a  Law 
When  people  maketh  sanctity 
A  cloake  to  hide  hypocrisie. 

'Tis  time  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

6  When  people  for  meer  trifles  quarrell, 

And  make  a  Pulpit  of  a  barrell : 
When  people  run  from  place  to  place, 
Unreverently  Gods  Church  deface, 

’ Tis  time  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

7  When  some  that  cannot  read  nor  write 

Shall  tell  us  of  a  new-found  light, 
And  Scripture  unto  us  expounds, 

True  learned  Discipline  confounds. 

5 Tis  tune  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

8  When  people  are  distracted  so, 

Distressed  England  fil’d  with  woe: 
When  people  for  the  common  good, 
Unnaturall  shed  each  others  bloud, 

’ Tis  time  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

9  When  dire  destruction  runs  before, 

And  brings  bad  tidings  to  our  door : 

147 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


When  arme,  arme,  arme,  is  all  the  crie, 

To  adde  griefe  to  our  misery. 

’ Tis  tune  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

10  When  armed  men  each  day  we  meet 

In  every  lane  and  every  street: 

When  as  our  streets  are  chained  streight, 
And  Ordnance  plac’d  at  every  gate. 

’Tis  time  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

1 1  When  London  is  entrenched  round, 

When  feare  our  senses  doth  confound; 
When  men  with  griefe  behold  those  works, 
As  if  we  were  besieg’d  by  Turks. 

’ Tis  time  for  us  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

12  Now  since  we  are  distressed  thus, 

Good  Lord  make  haste  to  succour  us; 

On  wofull  England  cast  thine  eye, 

And  ease  us  of  this  misery. 

For  now  ’tis  tune  to  crie  and  call 
Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all. 

13  When  King  and  Peers  agree  in  one, 

And  cause  a  blessed  union; 

When  all  imbrace,  and  throw  downe  arms, 
And  we  be  freed  from  publick  harms. 

Then  shall  we  finde  when  we  do  call 
That  thou  dost  heare  and  helpe  us  all . 

148 


A  GODLY  EXHORTATION 

When  they  shall  fall  that  doe  oppose 
Thee  in  thy  way,  O  Lord,  and  those 
That  wish  well  to  thy  Church  encrease, 
Then  shall  betide  a  happy  peace. 
Then  shall  we  finde  when  we  doe  call 
That  thou  dost  heare  and  helpe  us  all . 

jruam 

Humphrey  Crouch. 

LONDON,  Printed  for  Richard  Harper.  1642. 


149 


J3 

A  satire  on  James  I  and  Charles  I 

E.  267  (2).  This  ballad,  or  libel,  is  preserved  in  three  quarto  pages 
of  manuscript  copied,  presumably  from  a  printed  sheet,  by  George 
Thomason.  He  dated  it  April  1,  1645.  It  has  no  title.  In  this  reprint, 
most  of  the  contractions  have  been  expanded,  and  punctuation  has  been 
supplied. 

Beginning  with  a  caustic  denunciation  of  James  I,  his  patentees,  and 
his  minion  Buckingham,  the  balladist  makes  some  rather  indelicate 
comments  on  Queen  Anne  and  Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  sneers  at 
James  I’s  grandson,  Prince  Rupert,  and  declares  that  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  poisoned  James — “rewarded  him  with  a  fig.”  (Cf. 
Gardiner,  History  of  England ,  VI,  101;  George  Eglisham,  The-  Fore- 
Runner  of  Revenge ,  1626,  and  A  Strange  Apparition,  or  the  Ghost  of 
King  James ,  with  a  Late  Conference  between  the  Ghost  of  That  Good 
King  .  .  .  and  George  Eglisham ,  Doctor  of  Physick  .  .  .  Concerning 
the  Death  and  Poisoning  of  King  James ,  1642.  These  two  pamphlets 
are  reprinted  in  the  Harleian  Miscellany ,  1809,  II,  69;  IV,  528).  He 
then  turns  to  Charles  I,  of  whose  life  and  errors  a  very  hostile  sketch  is 
given,  and  warns  his  readers  that  under  no  circumstances  is  Charles  to 
be  trusted.  Some  disrespectful  comments  are  made  about  the  King’s 
family,  his  friends,  and  his  favorites.  The  author’s  references  to  him¬ 
self,  in  stanzas  7  and  9,  are  not  intelligible.1  Indeed,  throughout  the 
libel  the  language  is  vague,  the  meaning  hard  to  make  out.  Especially 
puzzling  is  the  fourth  line  in  the  last  stanza. 

1  With  stanza  7  compare  this  stanza  from  a  four-page  pamphlet,  The  Citie 
Letany  (c<3.  1646),  preserved  in  the  Harvard  College  Library  (Gay  184.  166): 

From  being  beaten  and  stript  to  the  skin, 

The  case  that  we  once  in  Cornwall  were  in, 

Which  we  confesse  was  a  scourge  for  our  sin, 

Libera  nos. 


150 


A  SATIRE  ON  JAMES  I  AND  CHARLES  I 
[9  £§>attre  on  Etng  James  I  anb  1 Ung  Charles  I] 


1  Queene  Bettie  kept  warres  with  France  and 

with  Spaine, 

And  after,  Good  People,  you  felt  who  did  Raigne. 
King  lames  was  the  ist,  as  you  well  may  remember, 
That  should  haue  beene  blowne  vp  the  5*  of 
November, 

Which  might  haue  made  some  afraid 
Ever  hereafter, 

And  not  wedd,  as  he  did, 

God  knowes  whose  Daughter. 

2  He  was  both  cunning  and  fearefull,  wee  find, 

And  loose  in  his  Pockets  before  and  behind; 

He  kept  on  with  Pattents  to  make  the  State  Poore, 
And  still  Kept  a  Minion  in  stead  of  a  whoore; 
yet  his  Wife  all  his  Life 
Made  him  not  Vary, 

Though  his  Nan  was  a  Span 
Longer  then  Mary. 

3  His  match  made  with  Denmarke  our  Hornes  did 

advanc, 

But  nothing  like  those  were  brought  vs  from 
France : 

To  blame  2  such  Ladies  none  have  a  Pretence, 

Who  found  it  their  Fortune  for  many  Dissents; 
For  them  that  swears  that  their  Heirs 
Came  from  a  Norman 
May  sooner  bee  out  then  Hee 
Came  from  a  German. 

Hi 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


4  The  Palsgraue2  He  would  not  allow  for  a  King, 

Presaging  what  mischiefe  his  offspring  would 
bring, 

That  Plundering  Rupert  should  keepe  from  Reliefe, 
That  burn’d  Townes  that  helpt  him  to  many  a 
Briefe. 

This  Plague  we  haue  though  we  gaue 
Money  to  Saue  him 
From  the  Rope  that  we  hope 
One  day  will  haue  him. 

5  When  George3  had  rewarded  King  lames  with  a 

Figge, 

H  is  Sonne,  being  crowned,  began  to  looke  bigge, 
And  Iosled  downe  Parliaments,  casting  the  Men 
Into  th’  Starchamber;  his  Counsellors  then, 

Who  all  did  Erre,  some  concurre, 

But  in  the  Conclusion 
So  they  wrought  as  they  brought 
All  to  Confusion. 

6  The  Scots  he  proclaimed  his  Enemies  First, 

As  Further  from  Purpose  he  thought  them  the 
worst ; 

The  Rebels  in  Ireland  he  had  then  their  Votes, 

With  Ample  Commission  to  cut  all  our  Throates, 
Though  they  stare  and  they  sweare, 

On  their  Salvation, 

This  Base  Fry  they  Imploy 
For  Reformation. 

2  Frederick,  Prince  Palatine,  husband  of  James  Ps  daughter,  the  Princes3 
Elizabeth,  and  father  of  the  celebrated  “Plundering  Rupert.” 

3  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingham. 


152 


7 


A  SATIRE  ON  JAMES  I  AND  CHARLES  I 

When  with  Honest  Iocky4  few  English  would  fight, 
The  word  of  a  King  would  passe  for  the  Right; 
But  when  vnto  London  they  backward  returned, 
They  with  their  owne  officers  caus’d  it  be  burned. 
His  word’s  a  Ioy,  for  at  Foy5 
After  faire  Quarter, 

In’s  gracious  Sight  I  was  quite 
Stripped  soone  after. 

8  Let  no  man  belieue  him  what  euer  he  sweares; 
Hee’s  so  many  Iesuits  hangs  at  his  Eares, 

Besids  an  Indulgence  procured  from  Rome 
To  Pardon  his  Sinnes  both  past  and  to  come; 
Which  is  more  then  the  whore6 
Ere  would  haue  granted 
But  to  see  Poperie 
Here  againe  Planted. 

g  The  clashing  of  officers  yield  vs  such  scorne 

To  those  that  thus  make  vs  push  Horne  against 
Horne ; 

Whosoeuer  were  knaues  or  fooles  at  the  best, 

Yet  I  would  Vnkle  William7  had  gone  for  the 
West, 

Where  i’  th’  Nooke  wee  were  Tooke 
Makes  them  so  merrie, 

They  say,  since  our  Excellence 
Lay  in  a  wherrie. 

4  I.e.,  with  the  Scots. 

0  Fowey,  Cornwall  (cf.  Gardiner,  History  of  the  Great  Civil  War,  II,  14). 

6  The  Church  of  Rome. 

‘  Laud  (f  January  10,  1645)? 


153 


A  common  observation 

669.  f.  10  (31),  roman  and  italic  type,  three  columns,  no  woodcuts. 
Thomason’s  date  is  May  4,  1645. 

The  author  of  this  broadside  sympathized  with  the  Parliament’s 
abolition  of  the  episcopacy, — “God  gave  no  warrants  for  such  toys,”  he 
says, — with  its  remission  of  the  fines  and  other  penalties  the  King  had 
laid  upon  Bastwick,  Prynne,  and  Osbaldeston,  and  with  its  inimical 
actions  against  prominent  Royalists.  Peace,  however,  was  what  the  author 
wanted,  and  he  was  evidently  not  convinced  that  all  the  acts  of  Par¬ 
liament  were  directed  toward  that  end.  In  the  fifteenth  stanza  he 
takes  a  fling  at  the  Princess  Royal  Mary  (1631—1660),  who,  to  the 
chagrin  of  her  suitor  Charles  Lewis,  Elector  Palatine,  was  married  to 
William  II,  Prince  of  Orange  (1626—1650),  on  May  2,  1641,  but 
who  because  of  her  extreme  youth  assumed  her  conjugal  position  only 
at  the  beginning  of  1644.  Such  an  instance  of  hostility  towards  a 
member  of  the  royal  family  has  real  significance. 


154 


A  COMMON  OBSERVATION 

21  Common  ©bseruatton  upon  tfjese 


1  As  I  about  the  towne  did  walke, 

I  heard  the  People  how  they  talke, 

Of  the  brave  Parliament. 

Some  praise  the  Lords ,  and  some  the  Scots , 
Some  thinke  that  they  have  further  plots, 
Some  blame  the  Government. 

2  Cause  Oxford  Lords  can  sweare  and  rore, 
And  breake  a  Lance  halfe  broke  before, 

They  talke  of  mighty  Fights. 

But  when  they  come  to  Leshlyes1  hand, 
Hee  made  them  quickly  understand, 

They  were  but  Carpet  Knights. 

3  The  Caluinists  may  plainly  see, 

That  all  election  now  is  free, 

Yet  Schismaticks  complaine: 

Though  Canterbury 2  to  their  Face, 

Hath  prov’d  a  Man  may  fall  from  grace, 
And  never  rise  againe. 

4  Poore  Prinz  and  Bastwick 4  now  appeares, 
And  Osbaston 5  may  shew  his  Eares, 

The  Iustice  being  knowne : 

Of  that  high  Court  where  planners  rul’d, 
Who  too  long  had  the  World  befoold, 
With  knavery  of  their  owne. 

Alexander  Leslie,  General  of  the  Scotch  army. 

Archbishop  Laud.  3  William  Prynne  (1600—1669). 

John  Bastwick,  theological  controversialist. 

Lambert  Osbaldeston  (1594—1659),  master  of  Westminster  School. 

i55 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


5  Yet  some  of  them  did  keepe  a  stir, 

And  said  they  onely  did  concur, 

With  those  were  wiser  knowne. 

Twas  Rhetoric kG  betraid  their  eares, 

And  he  hath  none  hong  Philip 7  sweares, 

Were  it  to  save  his  owne. 

6  Thom  Trevor 8  made  a  iust  complaint, 

That  he  in  Lawes  was  ignorant, 

How  far  they  would  encroach: 

But  Spanish  Franck?  cannot  say  so, 

Nor  some  tunns  else  that  I  do  know, 

Which  are  not  yet  abroach. 

7  There  is  a  new  Lord  Keeper10  in, 

And  for  to  pray  can  be  no  sinne, 

To  keepe  his  Conscience  free: 

And  not  grow  greazy  like  his  Purse, 

Who  had  no  Wife  to  make  him  worse, 

As  had  old  CoventreyR 

8  Our  Secretary  knavery,12 
Hath  left  his  Brother  Vanity,13 

Who  is  of  prattle  full : 

And  yet  he  could  not  find  a  speech, 

For  to  protect  the  Reverend  Breech , 

Of  T o?n  the  great  MogullF 

6  Text  Rhetorcick.  7  Philip  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke. 

8  Sir  Thomas  Trevor  (1586—1656).  9  Who  ? 

10  Edward  Littleton,  made  Lord  Keeper  in  January,  1641. 

11  Text  has  a  comma.  Thomas,  Lord  Coventry  served  as  Lord  Keeper  from  1625 
to  1640. 

12  Windebank. 

Sir  Henry  Vane  the  Younger. 

Sir  Thomas  (afterwards  Lord)  Fairfax. 

156 


14 


A  COMMON  OBSERVATION 


9  Some  say  her  ioyncture  made  the  Queene, 

So  oft  at  W estminster  to  be  seene, 

Though  Carlile10  shew  her  Face, 

To  steele  the  forehead  of  that  Lord,16 
For  whom  the  State  proclam’ d  accord, 

More  proper  then  such  grace. 

10  And  Heath 17  they  say  might  safely  sweare, 

He  never  did  a  bribe  forbeare, 

What  ere  was  the  condition; 

When  he  was  iudge  with  theeves  he  shard, 

And  yet  tis  knowne  that  he  was  spard, 

His  sonne  brought  the  Petition. 

1 1  Although  that  Goring 18  have  a  stroke, 

In  tavernes  and  the  Indian  9  smoke, 

Let  Dorset 20  scape  for  one. 

Though  he  approves  of  Venus  play, 

I  never  yet  heard  mortall  say, 

He  lov’d  the  Whore  of  Ro?ne. 

12  The  Popes  did  never  keepe  such  stirs, 

As  his  late  Grace21  and  Officers, 

For  every  small  offence. 

For  V enery  was  in  their  dayes, 

Which  I  remember  to  their  praise, 
at  most  but  sixteene  pence. 

13  Lucy  Hay,  Countess  of  Carlisle.  16  Lord  Strafford  ? 

17  Sir  Robert  Heath,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  King’s  Bench,  who  was  impeached 
for  high  treason  by  the  Commons  in  July,  1644. 

13  George,  Lord  Goring,  Royalist  commander.  19  Tobacco? 

20  Edward  Sackville,  Earl  of  Dorset,  Royalist  statesman.  21  Laud. 

i57 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


13  Let  Arundell2 2  be  punisht  then, 

That  plagud  all  were  not  Gentlemen, 

Which  makes  me  much  affraid,23 
That  he  or  his  Posteritee, 

Will  prove  as  poore  as  thee  or  mee, 

When  all  his  debts  be  paid. 

14  Our  Churches  now  are  purged  cleane, 

From  Prelats,  Chapters,  and  the  Deane, 

Who  long  have  liv’d  like  Hogs. 

God  gave  no  Warrants  for  such  toyes, 

Nor  can  he  but  abhor  the  noise, 
they  made  like  masty  Doggs. 

15  Will  the  German 24  may  reioyce, 

To  heare  that  MaW  that  hath  such  choise, 
Doth  place  him  by  her  side. 

Nor  can  the  State  be  counted  free, 

Vnlesse  they  set  up  Monarchy,25 
to  gratifie  the  Bride. 

16  Here  is  no  roome  for  Conaway ,2G 
Nor  many  more  that  run  away, 

Of  pardon  that  dispaire: 

Nor  H opt on21  that  no  charge  refus’d 
Who  hath  already  beene  abus’d, 

Sufficient  for  his  share. 

22  Thomas  Howard,  Earl  of  Arundel  (f  1646),  who  presided  as  Lord  High 
Steward  at  the  trial  of  Strafford.  23  Period. 

"4  William  II  and  Mary,  Prince  and  Princess  of  Orange. 

25  Text  Monarthy. 

26  Edward,  Lord  Conway,  leader  in  Waller’s  plot  of  1643. 

2‘  Ralph,  Lord  Hopton,  Royalist  general. 

158 


A  COMMON  OBSERVATION 


17  I  may  be  thought  an  Heritick , 
Although  I  speake  it  in  this  ht, 

I  sinne  in  that  and  wine. 

Because  I  creepe  not  to  the  Cope, 

But  hold  the  Bishops  from  the  Pope, 
But  not  by  right  Divine. 

18  If  that  the  House  continues  still, 

To  punish  those  that  have  done  ill, 

and  these  our  warres  doe  cease,28 
The  purer  sort  ile  celebrate, 

To  whom  I  owe  both  Life  and  State, 
I  say  God  send  us  peace.29 

jam 


Printed  in  the  yeare,  1645. 


28  Period. 


28 


Colon. 


159 


!5 

The  zvorld  is  turned  upside  down 

669.  f.  10  (47),  roman  and  italic  type,  two  columns,  no  woodcuts. 
Thomason’s  date  is  April  8,  1646. 

Here  a  Royalist — to  the  tune,  taken  from  Martin  Parker’s  celebrated 
ballad,  of  When  the  King  Enjoys  His  Own  Again  (Chappell’s  Popular 
Music ,  II,  434) — laments  the  passing  of  Christmas  festivities  and  the 
decay  of  charity,  both  of  which,  in  his  opinion,  were  slain  at  the  battle 
of  Naseby  in  1645.  His  comments  on  hospitality  were  anticipated  in 
“A  Songe  bewailinge  the  tyme  of  Christmas,  So  much  decayed  in 
Englande”  (Rollins,  Old  English  Ballads ,  p.  372;  Roxburghe  Ballads , 
I,  154)  that  was  written  much  earlier  in  the  century.  The  ballad  is 
symptomatic  of  the  unrest  that  resulted  all  over  England  from  the 
prohibition  of  Christmas  festivities.  Riots  in  protest  against  the  law 
occurred  everywhere.  Gardiner  ( History  of  the  Great  Civil  War ,  IV, 
45—46)  shows  that  the  riots  at  Canterbury  during  Christmas,  1647, 
were  especially  severe,  3000  of  the  trained  bands  being  required  to 
suppress  them.  Printed  satires  abounded.  One  pamphlet  inquires 
“whether  the  Parliament  had  not  cause  to  forbid  Christmas  when  they 
found  their  printed  Acts  under  so  many  Christmas  Pies?”  {Harleian 
Miscellany ,  1812,  IX,  413).  The  Arraignment ,  Conviction  and  Im¬ 
prisoning  of  Christmas.  Printed  by  Simon  Mine* d-Pye  for  Cissely 
Plum-porridge  (1646),  John  Taylor’s  The  Complaint  of  Christmas 
(1646),  and  A  Ha!  Christmas  (1647),  “a  sound  and  good  perswasion 
for  Gentlemen,  and  all  wealthy  men,  to  keepe  a  good  Christmas”  (a 
pamphlet  printed  by  Gilbert  Mabbott,  on  whom  see  pp.  13,  54),  are 
worthy  of  mention.  In  1656,  Laurence  Price  took  up  the  subject  with 
his  book  called  Make  Room  for  Christmas. 


160 


THE  WORLD  IS  TURNED  UPSIDE  DOWN 


sewn. 


To  the  Tune  of,  When  the  King  envoys  his  own  again. 


1  Listen  to  me  and  you  shall  hear, 

News  hath  not  been  this  thousand  year: 

Since  Herod ,  Caesar ,  and  many  more, 

You  never  heard  the  like  before. 

Holy-dayes  are  despis’d, 

New  fashions  are  devis’d. 

Old  Christmas  is  kickt  out  of  Town. 

Yet  let's  be  content ,  and  the  times  lament , 
You  see  the  world  turn' d  upside  down. 

2  The  wise  men  did  rejoyce  to  see 
Our  Saviour  Christs  Nativity: 

The  Angels  did  good  tidings  bring, 

The  Sheepheards  did  rejoyce  and  sing. 

Let  all  honest  men, 

Take  example  by  them. 

Why  should  we  from  good  Laws  be  bound? 
Yet  let's  be  content ,  &c. 


3  Command  is  given,  we  must  obey, 

And  quite  forget  old  Christmas  day : 
Kill  a  thousand  men,  or  a  Town  regain, 
We  will  give  thanks  and  praise  amain. 
The  wine  pot  shall  clinke, 

We  will  feast  and  drinke. 

And  then  strange  motions  will  abound. 
Yet  let' s  be  content,  &c. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

4  Our  Lords  and  Knights,  and  Gentry  too, 
Doe  mean  old  fashions  to  forgoe : 

They  set  a  porter  at  the  gate, 

That  none  must  enter  in  thereat. 

They  count  it  a  sin, 

When  poor  people  come  in. 

Hospitality  it  selfe  is  drown’d. 

Yet  let’s  be  content ,  &c. 

5  The  serving  men  doe  sit  and  whine, 

And  thinke  it  long  ere  dinner  time : 

The  Butler’s  still  out  of  the  way, 

Or  else  my  Lady  keeps  the  key, 

The  poor  old  cook, 

In  the  larder  doth  look, 

Where  is  no  goodnesse  to  be  found, 

Yet  let’s  be  content ,  &c. 

6  To  conclude,  Lie  tell  you  news  that’s  right, 
Christmas  was  kil’d  at  Nasbie  fight: 

Charity  was  slain  at  that  same  time, 

Jack  Tell  troth  too,  a  friend  of  mine, 

Likewise  then  did  die, 

Rost  beef  and  shred  pie, 

Pig,  Goose  and  Capon  no  quarter  found. 

Yet  let’ s  be  content ,  and  the  times  lament. 
You  see  the  world  is  quite  turn’ d  round. 


162 


The  zealous  soldier 


669.  f.  10  (50),  roman  and  italic  type,  two  columns,  one  woodcut. 
Thomason’s  date  is  April  16,  1646. 

This  sheet,  with  the  following  number,  presents  the  zealous  Presby¬ 
terian’s  point  of  view.  It  speaks,  in  distinctly  literary  terms,  of  the 
abolition  of  Popery  and  Established  Forms,  declaring  that  internecine 
war  is  a  small  price  to  pay  for  such  a  blessing  and  predicting  a  return 
to  peace  in  the  near  future  of  a  united  and  bettered  nation.  In  1643, 
the  author  says,  there  was  cause  for  depression:  in  1646  towns  and 
armies  daily  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Parliament’s  forces,  and  the  end 
of  the  war  is  in  sight.  In  his  Popular  Music  (II,  414),  William  Chap¬ 
pell  quoted  a  Civil-War  tract  which  said  of  the  soldiers  of  Parliament, 
“on  their  first  visit  to  Canterbury,  they  slashed  the  service  books,  sur¬ 
plices,  &c.,  and  ‘began  to  play  the  tune  of  The  Zealous  Soldier  on  the 
organs,  .  .  .  which  never  were  in  tune  since’  ” — possibly  a  reference 
to  the  present  sheet. 


163 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


i 

For  God,  and  for  his  cause,  Tie1  count  it  gaine 
To  lose  my  life;  o  can  one  happier  Die, 

Then  for  to  Fall,  in  Battaile,  to  maintaine 
Gods  worship,  truth,  extirpate  Popery : 

I  fight  not,  for  to  venge  my  selfe,  nor  yet, 

For  coine,  but  Gods  true,  worship  up  to  set. 

II 

Those  Mercinary  Souldiers  that  doe  Fight 
Onely  for  pay,  are  most  Degenerate. 

Not  worthy  to  enjoy  the  subjects  Right 
Not  worthy  loue  of  God,  of  Church  or  State, 
Though  I  Denie  not,  but  They  usefull  are, 

Yet  should  not,  with  the  Good,  in  honnor  share. 

III 

The  Ancient  Heathen,  on  their  Foes  would  Runne, 
Their  Naked  Brests,  would  offer,  to  their  swords 
Cause  for  Their  Countrey,  then  should  Christians 
shun, 

To  Fight  for  Theirs,  and  what  more  joy  afford2 
For  Their  Religion,  curst  for  aye  be  Hee, 

Beares  Such  a  minde,  and  His  Posterity.3 

IV 

Whoo’d  bee  Dejected,  though  a  while  hee  beare 
Adversitie,  who  would  some  three  years  past 

1  Text  ’lie.  2  Read  affords.  3  Comma. 

164 


■ 


THE  ZEALOUS  SOLDIER 


Have  thought,4  that  God,  So  high,  our  cause  would 
rear 

And  with  such  Numerous0  victories  have  grac’d 
His  Righteous6  Cause,7  when  wee  then  thought 
to  be 

A  Prey  to  the  Mallicious  Enemie. 

V 

Who  in  Their  height  of  Glory,  were  brought  low 
And  made  to  Stoope  to  Those  They  did  despise, 

And  made  that  Power  above  them  for  to  know 
Which  erst  They  wretched  wormes,  in  monstrous 
wise 

Blasphem’d,  swearing  God  Damne  them  as  They 
stood 

And  sure  on  many  was  that  wish  made  good.8 

VI 

But  here  me  thinks,  I  heare  some  say  we  bu}^ 

And  purchase  our  Religion  at  deer  rate ; 

Thou  impious  fool,  had  we  lain  still  perdie, 

Thou  hadst  not  been  alive  the  truth  to  rate, 

For  thou  and  we  I  think  had  sure  been  slain, 

Had  we  sate  still,  as  now  we  wars  maintain. 

VII 

Forbear  to  utter  your  Malignant  spleene, 

And  marke  the  end  how  God  his  cause  will  crown 
With  glory,  how  oft  have  you  lately  seen 
Our  Armies  have  the  Foemen  overthrown: 

4  Text  though.  5  Text  Nemerous.  6  Text  RIghteuos. 

7  Period.  8  No  punctuation. 


l6y 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Towns  each  day  are  surrendred,  and  we  take 
Prisoners  enough,  an  Armie  strong  to  make. 

VIII 

God  hath  no  doubt  a  purpose  to  bring  on 
A  work  both  for  his  glory  and  our  good, 

You’l  say  it  hath  been  the  confusion 
And  cause  of  shedding  many  thousands  bloud : 
’Twas  for  our  sins  that  God  this  war  did  bring, 
But  know  we  may  have  cause  rejoy ce  and  sing. 

IX 

Some  few  years  since  when  we  behold  and  see 
The  fruits  of  our  hard  labours  and  behold, 

This  Kingdom  flourish  in  tranquility, 

And  Gods  true  worship  as  it  ought  extold: 

Then  shall  we  say9  o  praised  be  the  Lord, 
That  we  attained  peace  have  by  the  sword. 

X 

Sing  to  the  Lord  a  Psalme  of  thanks  and  praise, 
And  to  his  holy  Temple  let  us  bring 
An  heart  unspotted,  let’s  an  eccoe  raise 
With  our  loud  voyces  may  to  Nations  ring, 

Far  distant  from  us,  chaunting  loudly  thus, 
Prais'd  be  the  Lord  that  hath  assisted  us. 


9  Text  says. 


l66 


The  mercenary  soldier 

669.  f.  10  (49),  roman  and  italic  type,  two  columns,  one  woodcut. 
Thomason’s  date  is  April  16,  1646. 

This  sheet,  a  sequel  to  the  foregoing,  sticks  closely  to  its  subject.  It 
was  written  evidently  by  a  friend  of  the  Parliament  who  hoped  to 
shame  his  soldier-readers  into  a  cleaner  and  nobler  attitude  towards  life 
and  war.  The  diction  is  purely  literary,  altogether  unlike  that  of  the 
average  ballad.  A  reprint  of  the  broadside  will  be  found  in  John 
Ashton’s  Humour ,  Wit ,  and  Satire  of  the  Seventeenth  Century ,  p.  293. 

The  pay  of  a  soldier,  never  high,  hardly  seems  a  matter  of  such  im¬ 
portance  as  the  two  broadsides  make  it  appear.  According  to  Professor 
Sir  Charles  Firth’s  CromwelPs  Army ,  1912,  p.  185,  during  the  years 
1645—1649  foot-soldiers  got  8 d.  a  day,  dragoons  lr.  6 d.,  and  troopers 
in  regiments  of  horse  2s.  (This  information  is  given  also  in  The 
Souldiers  Accomft .  Or,  Tables  Shewing  the  Personall  Allowance  of 
Pay  to  all  Officers  and  Souldiers ,  1647,  where,  by  the  way,  the  pay  of 
a  Lord  General  is  said  to  be  £10  a  day,  of  a  Captain  15r.,  of  a  Lieu¬ 
tenant  4 s.y  and  of  an  Ensign  3s.)  Some  years  later,  however,  the 
official  news-book,  T he  Moderate  Intelligencer  (June  27— July  4,  1653, 
p.  66)  remarked: 

Hey  boyes,  its  poecunie  that  makes  the  souldiers  merry. 

The  remark  is  no  doubt  still  applicable. 


.67 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

i 

♦ 

No  money  yet,  why  then  let’s  pawn  our  swords, 
And  drinke  an  health  to  their  confusion, 

Who  doe  instead  of  money  send  us  words4? 

Let’s  not  be  subject  to  the  vain  delusion 

Of  those  would  have  us  fight  without  our  pay, 
While  money  chinks  my  Captain  I’le1  obey. 

II 

I’le1  not  be  slave  to  any  servile  Groom, 

Let’s  to  the  Sutlers  and  there  drink  and  sing, 

My  Captain  for  a  while  shall  have  my  room, 
Come  hither  Tom ,  of  Ale  two  douzen  bring, 
Plac’d  Ranke  and  File,  Tobacco  bring  us  store, 
And  as  the  pots  doe  empty,  fill  us  more. 

III 

Let  the  Drum  cease,  and  never  murmure  more, 
Untill  it  beat,  warning  us  to  repair, 

Each  man  for  to  receive  of  Cash  good  store, 

Let  not  the  Trumpet  shril,  ere  rend  the  ayre, 
Untill  it  cite  us  to  the  place  where  we 
May  heaps  of  silver  for  our  payment  see. 

IV 

I  came  not  forth  to  doe  my  Countrey  good, 

I  came  to  rob,  and  take  my  fill  of  pleasure, 

Let  fools  repell  their  foes  with  angry  mood, 

Let  those  doe  service  while  I  share  the  treasure: 


1  Text  ’lie. 


l68 


i 


THE  MERCENARY  SOLDIER 


I  doe  not  mean  my  body  ere  shall  swing 
Between  a  pare  of  crutches,  tottering.2 

V 

Let  thousands  fall,  it  ne’er3  shall  trouble  me, 
Those  puling  fools  deserve  no  better  fate, 

They  mirths  Apposers  were,  and  still  would  be, 
Did  they  survive,  let  me  participate, 

Of  pleasures,  gifts,  while  here  I  live,  and  I 
Care  not ,  although  I  mourne  eternally. 


VI 

I  laugh  to  think  how  many  times  I  have 
Whiles  others  fighting  were  against  the  foe, 
Within  some  Thicket  croucht  my  self  to  save, 
Yet  taken  for  a  valiant  Souldier  tho, 

When  I  amongst  them  come,  for  I  with  words 
Can  terrifie,  as  others  can  with  swords. 


*Canes  qui 
multum  la- 
trant  raro 
mordent. 


VII 

Damne  me  you  Rogue,  if  thou  provoke  my  wrath, 
*I’le4  carve  thee  up,  and  spit  thee,  joynt  by  joynt, 
There’s  none  that  tasted  of  my  fury  hath, 

But  fear  and  tremble  least  I  should  appoint 
A  second  penance  for  them,  when  my  brow 
Is  bent,  marke  how  the  rascalls  to  me  bow. 


VIII 

Thus  menacing  I’m  taken  for  to  be 
A  man  indeed,  when  I  should  fear  to  fight 
With  coward  T her  sites,  and  if  that  he 
Were  my  Antagonist,  but  I  delight 

2  Comma.  3  Text  nee’r.  4  Text  ’lie. 

169 


*All  manner 
of  Victuals. 
*Wine. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

To  fight,  and  to  pash  dame  *  Ceres  treasure, 
To  quaffe  *Lyens  bloud  I  take  great  pleasure. 


IX 

Proceed  yee  brethren,  doe  each  other  hate, 
And  fight  it  to  the  last,  I  wish  the  Wars 

*  An  ignomini - 

ous  name  given  May  ever  untill  doomsday  pr operate, 
the  Danes,  by  And  time  ne’er5  see  a  period  of  the  jars: 
Englis|1  muen/!or  For  I  before  like  to  a  slave  did  live, 
and  las ie  living.  Now  like  unto  a  *Lurdain  doe  I  thrive. 


X 

Fill  us  more  Ale,  me  thinks  thy  lazie  gate 
Is  slower  then  the  Tortoise,  make  more  speed, 

And  tha’st6  a  Female  of  an  easie  rate 
Let’s  see  her,  for  my  flesh  doth  tumults  breed : 

Run  on ,  thou9 It 7  wish  when  that  day  comes  thou 
must 

Give  an  account ,  that  thou  hadst  been  more  just . 


6  T ext  nee’r. 


*  I.e.y  If  thou  hast. 


7  Text  thoul’t. 


1 8 

The  anabaptists  out  of  order 

Manchester,  II,  28,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts.  The  first 
two  stanzas — that  is,  the  first  column — are  almost  completely  torn  off. 
Only  a  few  words  of  the  opening  stanza  remain:  it  began  something 
like  “[You  gallants  all  a  w]hile  give  eare.”  The  second  stanza,  as 
printed  below,  is  irregular,  having  thirteen  instead  of  the  customary 
twelve  lines.  The  ballad  is  a  bit  unusual  in  having  no  colophon. 
Directed  as  it  was  at  a  despised  sect,  the  sheet  should  have  met  with  no 
difficulty  at  the  hands  of  the  licensers. 

In  1645—1646,  Samuel  Oates  (1610—1683),  father1  of  the  noto¬ 
rious  perjurer  Titus,  created  a  stir  in  East  Anglia  as  a  “dipper,”  or 
anabaptist.  The  “danger  in  his  dipping”  is  gleefully  related  by  the 
ballad-writer ;  but  Oates  surmounted  this  danger,  and  in  1649  was 
chaplain  in  Colonel  Pride’s  regiment.  From  this  position,  he  was 
expelled  by  General  Monk  in  1654  for  stirring  up  sedition.  After¬ 
wards  he  was  rector  of  All  Saints’  Church,  Hastings. 

Oates  is  vehemently  denounced  in  the  three  parts  of  Thoma3 
Edwards’s  Gangraena  (1646),  a  book  directed  at  the  “Errors,  Heresies, 
Blasphemies,  and  dangerous  Proceedings  of  the  Sectaries  of  this  time.” 
He  and  one  Lam  (or  Lamb),  who  had  an  anabaptist  church  in  Bell- 
Alley,  Coleman  Street,  London,  were  viciously  attacked  by  Edwards 
for  presuming  to  travel  “up  and  down  the  Countreys  to  preach  their 
corrupt  Doctrines,  and  to  Dip”  (Part  I,  p.  35).  “After  one  of  his 
private  Exercises  amongst  the  weaker  vessels,”  says  Edwards  (Part  II, 
p.  17),  “one  Wades  wife  of  Stisted  in  Essex ,  seemed  to  be  so  affected 
with  him,  that  she  said  she  would  never  hear  Minister  again:  and  it 
may  be  God  intends  to  make  her  as  good  as  her  word;  for  upon  this  she 
was  taken  mad,  and  remaines  in  a  sad  distracted  condition.” 

1  It  may  be  worth  noting-  that  Sir  Roger  L’Estrange’s  Observator  (No.  365,  June 
28,  1683)  denies  this  relationship  and  asserts  “that  Titus’es  Father  was  Prebend 
of  Pauls”  not  ((Samuell  Oates ,  that  Lodg’d  at  the  Pye-W omans  in  King-street- 
Bloomsbury ,  the  Dipping-Weaver.” 


1 7 1 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


In  The  Second  Part  of  Gangraena  (pp.  121  —  122)  appears  the  fol¬ 
lowing  passage  on  the  incidents  mentioned  in  the  ballad: 

There  is  one  Samuel  Oats  a  Weaver2  .  .  .  who  being-  of  Lams  Church,  was  sent 
out  as  a  Dipper  and  Emissary  into  the  Countreyes:  Last  summer  I  heard  he  went 
his  progresse  into  Surrey  and  Sussex,  but  now  this  yeare  he  is  sent  out  into  Essex 
three  or  foure  months  ago,  and  for  many  weeks  together  went  up  and  downe 
from  place  to  place,  and  Towne  to  Towne,  about  Bochen ,  Braintry,  Tarling,  and 
those  parts,  preaching  his  erroneous  Doctrines,  and  dipping  many  in  rivers  5  this 
is  a  young  lusty  fellow,  and  hath  traded  chiefly  with  young  women .  and  young 
maids,  dipping  many  of  them,  though  all  is  fish  that  comes  to  his  net,  and  this 
he  did  with  all  boldnesse  and  without  all  controul  for  a  matter  of  two  moneths: 
A  godly  Minister  of  Essex  coming  out  of  those  parts  related,  hee  hath  baptized 
a  great  number  of  women,  and  that  they  were  call’d  out  of  their  beds  to  go  a 
dipping  in  rivers,  dipping  manie  of  them  in  the  night,  so  that  their  Husbands  and 
Masters  could  not  keep  them  in  their  houses,  and  ’tis  commonly  reported  that  this 
Oats  had  for  his  pains  ten  shillings  apeece  for  dipping  the  richer,  and  two  shil¬ 
lings  six  pence  for  the  poorer}  he  came  verie  bare  and  meane  into  Essex,  but 
before  hee  had  done  his  work,  was  well  lined,  and  growne  pursie.  In  the  cold 
weather  in  March ,  hee  dipped  a  young  woman,  one  Ann  Martin  (as  her  name  is 
given  in  to  me)  whom  he  held  so  long  in  the  water,  that  she  fell  presently  sicke, 
and  her  belly  sweld  with  the  abundance  of  water  she  took  in,  and  within  a  fort¬ 
night  or  three  weeks  died,  and  upon  her  death-bed  expressed  her  dipping  to  be  the 
cause  of  her  death.  There  was  another  woman  also  whom  he  baptized,  .  .  .  whom 
after  he  had  baptized,  he  bid  her  gape,  and  she  gaped,  and  he  did  blow  three  times 
into  her  mouth,  saying  words  to  this  purpose,  either  receive  the  holy  Ghost,  or  now 
thou  hast  received  the  holy  Ghost.  At  last  for  his  dipping  one  who  died  so 
presently  after  it,  and  other  misdemeanors  the  man  was  questioned  in  the  Countrey, 
and  bound  over  to  the  Sessions  at  Chens f ord  [==:  Chelmsford ],  where  A-prill  the 
seventh,  1646.  this  Oats  appeared.  .  .  .  Oats  being  brought  before  the  Bench, 
the  Coroner  laid  to  his  charge,  that  in  March  last,  in  a  verie  cold  season,  hee 
dipping  a  young  woman,  shee  presently  fell  sick  and  died  within  a  short  time,  and 
though  the  Coroner  had  not  yet  perfected  his  sitting  upon  her  death,  all  witnesses 
being  not  yet  examined,  nor  the  Jurie  having  brought  in  their  verdict  (so  that 
the  full  evidence  was  not  presented)  yet  the  Bench,  upon  being  acquainted  with 
the  case,  and  other  foule  matters  also  being  there  by  witnesses  laid  against  him, 
committed  him  to  the  Jaile  at  Colchester:  It  was  laid  to  his  charge  then,  that  hee 
had  preached  against  the  Assessments  of  Parliament,  and  the  taxes  laid  upon  the 
people,  teaching  them,  that  the  Saints  were  a  free  people,  and  should  do  what  they 
did  voluntarily,  and  not  be  compelled.  .  .  .  Since  Oats  commitment  to  Colchester 
Jaile,  there  hath  been  great  and  mightie  resort  to  him  in  the  prison,  many  have 
come  downe  from  London  in  Coaches  to  visit  him. 

2  He  is  called  “Oates  a  Button-maker”  in  Tub-preachers  overturn’d,  1647 
(E.  384  (7)). 


THE  ANABAPTISTS  OUT  OF  ORDER 


The  ballad  was  written  before  Oates  was  tried  and  acquitted.  Ed¬ 
wards  (Part  III,  pp.  105—106)  says  that  after  he  had  been  found  not 
guilty  of  the  death  of  Ann  Martin  he  “was  bound  by  the  Judge  to  his 
good  behaviour,  and  made  to  find  Sureties  that  hee  should  neither 
preach  nor  dip;  and  yet  notwithstanding  the  very  next  Lords  day  hee 
preached  in  Chensford,  and  goes  on  still  in  Essex  preaching  his  errors. 
The  people  of  W  ether sf  eld  hearing  that  Oats  and  some  of  his  com¬ 
panions  were  come  to  their  Town,  seased  on  them  (onely  Oats  was  not 
in  the  company)  and  pumped  them  soundly.  And  Oats  coming  lately 
to  Dunmozo  in  Essex ,  some  of  the  Town  hearing  of  it  where  hee  was, 
fetched  him  out  of  the  house,  and  threw’  him  into  the  river,  throughly 
dipping  him.”  The  following  note,  too,  from  Wood  MS.  D.  7  (2), 
fol.  79  (cf.  Andrew  Clark,  The  Life  and  Times  of  Anthony  Wood, 
II,  417),  in  spite  of  its  inaccuracies  deserves  reprinting: 

Old  Oats  was  originally  a  silke  weaver  in  the  citty  of  Norwich  where  for  many 
years  he  followed  his  trade,  and  marryed,  and  amongst  other  his  children  had 
Tytus  Oats  the  informer,  and  was  ever  there  justly  esteemed  as  a  moste  turbulent 
and  factious  ffellow.  And  then  in  the  tyme  of  Oliver’s  usurpacion  removing  his 
residence  to  Yarmouth,  he  became  an  annabaptist  preacher  and  proceeded  therein 
with  great  applause  of  the  factious  rabble,  till  haveing  perswaded  a  woman  great 
with  childe  and  neare  her  time  of  delivery  to  be  dipt  or  rebaptised,  who  instantly 
dyed  in  the  water  under  his  hands  as  he  was  performing  his  wickedly  pretended 
function,  it  being  in  a  cold  season  of  the  yeare;  for  which  his  villainous  cryme 
he  was  there  (being  within  the  jurisdiccion  of  the  Sinque-Ports)  tryed  for  his 
life,  but  the  jury,  consisting  (as  it  was  believed)  of  the  pickt  rascalls  of  his  owne 
gang,  found  him  not  guilty.  And  now  finding  himselfe  somwhat  ympayred  in 
his  reputacion  amongst  his  brethren,  he  quitted  Yarmouth  and  betooke  himselfe 
to  the  fleete  at  sea  till,  about  his  majestie’s  restoracion,  by  his  cunning  suttle  tricks 
and  beheavor  he  became  incumbent  of  a  church  in  Hastings  by  the  sea  side  in 
Sussex.  .  .  . 

The  name  of  Samuel  Oates  does  not  occur  in  any  of  the  county  or 
city  records  of  Norfolk  or  Essex  that  I  have  been  able  to  consult,  but 
a  thorough  search  of  the  hundred  or  more  pamphlets  in  the  Thomason 
Collection  that  deal  with  the  Baptists  would  probably  bring  more  facts 
about  Oates  (and  certainly  more  abuse  of  him)  to  light.  Some  inci¬ 
dental  account  of  Oates  is  given  in  Louise  F.  Brown’s  The  Political 
Activities  of  the  Baptists  During  the  Interregnum  (1912).  Three 
pamphlets  expressly  written  against  him  were  John  Stalham’s  Vindiciae 
Redemptionis ,  in  the  fanning  and  sifting  of  Sa?nuel  Oates  his  Expo - 

173 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


sition  upon  Mat.  13,  44.  Endeavoured,  in  severalL  Sermons  (1647), 
John  Drew’s  A  Serious  Address  to  Sam.  Oates  for  a  Resolve  Touching 
Some  Queries  about  his  N ezv  Baptism  (1649),  and  John  Spittlehouse’s 
A  Confutation  of  the  Assertions  of  Mr.  Samuel  Oates ,  in  relation  to 
his  not  practising  the  laying  on  of  hands  on  all  baptized  Believers 
(165  3).  Oates  himself  is  a  picturesque  and  important  figure,  and  this 
paean  of  rejoicing  on  his  trouble  with  the  law  is  a  document  of  great 
interest  and  real  value. 

On  the  tune  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  306. 


THE  ANABAPTISTS  OUT  OF  ORDER 


tP)e  Anabaptists  out  of  orber, 

OIK 

[®]be3  delation  of  Samuel  Oates,  toljo  latelp  Js>ebuceb 
btbers  people  in  tfje  Countp  of  Csscx,  tot) ere  fje  tebap- 
tij’b  fljirtp-nine  anb  brobmeb  tfje  fortietfj  for  tofjictj 
offence  fje  nob)  lies  tmprisoneb  at  Colcfjester,  tell  bis 

trpall. 

To  the  Tune  of,  Goe  home  in  the  Morning  Early, 

1  From  London  City  lately  went, 

A  brother  of  your  Sect; 

To  Essex  with  a  full  intent, 

To  visit  the  Elect; 

Where  nine  and  thirty  or  above, 

He  to  himself  converted : 

Of  which  he  onely  seem’d  to  love, 
the  meeke  and  tender  hearted. 

To  court  and  kis  they  will  not  mis , 

Each  other  to  he  cliping ; 

Yet  Seperatists  beware  by  this , 

There's  danger  in  your  diping .4 

2  The  Female  Sex  he  hath  misled, 

And  much  abused  their  carriage; 

By  oft  dishonouring  the  Bed, 

Due  onely  unto  marriage; 

With  maids  and  wives, 

Sometimes  he  strives, 

And  many  hath  infected ; 

So  that  they  mean  to  lead  their  lives,5 
As  he  hath  them  directed. 

3  Torn.  4  Comma.  5  Period. 

i75 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


To  court  and  kis  they  will  not  mis. 

Each  other  to  he  cliping. 

Yet  Separatists  take  heed  of  this. 

There's  danger  in  your  diping. 

Wyt  geconb  part,  Ko  tfje  game  tune. 

3  He  much  commending  of  the  streame, 

Of  Iordan’s  new  found  River,6 
As  if  the  dipping  in  the  same, 

Would  make  them  live  for  ever: 
Where  naked  they  must  stand  and  pray,6 
Ith  middle  of  the  water; 

Whil’st  he  some  certain  words  doth  say, 
According  to  the  matter. 

Shall  Maidens  then  before  yong  men, 

( Their  Garments  of  be  striping ; 

No)  Separatists  take  heed  of  this 
There' s  danger  in  their  diping . 

4  Both  Besse  and  Nan  with  this  yong  man, 

Desire  to  be  acquainted; 

Which  to  the  River  after  ran, 

Thinking  they  should  be  Sainted ; 

For  why  quoth  they  if  that  he  pray, 
According  to  the  spirit; 

Our  faults  shall  all  be  washt  away, 

He  is  so  full  of  merit. 

To  court  and  kis  they  will  not  mis. 

Each  other  to  be  cliping,  &c. 


0  Period. 


I76 


THE  ANABAPTISTS  OUT  OF  ORDER 

5  Thus  thirty-nine  being  over  past, 

As  he  had  them  deluded ; 

The  fortieth  coming  at  the  last, 

With  whom  he  then  concluded; 

His  Argument  he  made  so  strong, 

Where  on  her  hope  she  grounded 
At  last  he  held  her  in  so  long, 

That  she  poore  heart  was  drowned. 

The  question  is  if  she  would  kis , 

Or  with  him  then  be  cliping ; 

Then  Seperatists  be  warn' d  by  this , 

There' s  danger  in  your  diping . 

6  This  youth  was  taken  at  the  last, 

And  carried  to  Colchester; 

Where  now  he  lies  in  prison  fast, 

For  drowning  that  sweet  Sister; 

The  place  where  he  is  next  to  preach, 
They  thinke  will  be  the  Gallous; 

His  recantation  there  to  teach, 

All  other  factious  fellowes. 

They  court  and  kis  and  will  not  mis , 

Each  other  to  be  cliping ,  &c. 

7  Samuel  Oates ,  he’s  call’d  by  name, 

Which  hates  both  Church  and  Steeple; 
And  therefore  into  Essex  came, 

For  to  deceive  the  people; 

Let  foe  or  friend  his  Iudgment  spend,' 

In  what  he  hath  deserved, 

7  Period. 


177 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


For  if  the  halter  proves  his  end; 

He  is  but  justly  served. 

You  court  and  kis  and  will  not  mis , 
Each  other  to  he  cliping ,  &c. 

8  And  thus  my  story  to  conclude, 

Take  warning  by  this  ditty; 

How  you  poore  people  now  delude, 
In  Country  Town  or  City; 

For  I  hope  an  order  will  be  tane, 
That  such  shall  all  be  punisht ; 

Or  if  they  will  not  you  refraine, 
From  England  quite  be  banisht. 

Whose  custome  is  to  court  and  kis , 
Before  their  deep  expounding ; 

Then  Separatists  he  warn'd  hy  this , 
Since  diping  turnes  to  drowning . 


178 


x9 

Alas,  poor  tradesmen 

Manchester,  I,  38,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  cuts,  margins  slightly 
torn. 

This  ballad,  dating  about  1646,  expresses  the  feeling  of  many  people 
that  the  wars  between  Parliament  and  King  were  responsible  for  all 
the  evils  of  the  time,  that  the  success  of  the  King  was  impossible,  but 
that  nothing  could  restore  peace  and  prosperity  except  the  actual  return 
of  Charles  I  to  the  throne.  As  the  Parliament  itself  was  at  this  time 
careful  to  do  nothing  that  would  reflect  on  the  title  of  the  King — 
blaming  his  advisers  rather  than  him — there  was  nothing  disloyal  in  the 
ballad,  and  Grove  could  hardly  have  had  trouble  in  securing  a  license 
for  it.  In  February,  1644,  one  I.  B.  wrote  The  Merchants  Remon¬ 
strance  (E.  32  (16)),  dealing  with  the  decline  of  trade.  Two  years 
later — on  January  22,  1648 — appeared  a  broadside  called  “The  mourn- 
full  Cryes  of  many  thousand  Poore  Tradesmen,  who  are  ready  to  famish 
through  decay  of  Trade”  (669.  f.  11  (1 16))  ;  and  on  February  14,  the 
House  of  Commons  held  an  investigation  of  the  author  and  printer  of 
this  broadside  (E.  427  (6)).  In  his  Mixt  Contemplations  in  Better 
Times  (1660,  p.  24),  however,  Thomas  Fuller  lightly  swept  aside 
complaints  like  these.  “I  have  known  the  City  of  London  almost  forty 
years,”  he  commented  shrewdly;  “their  shops  did  ever  sing  the  same 
tune,  that  trading  was  dead.  Even  in  the  reign  of  King  James  (when 
they  wanted  nothing  but  thankfulness)  this  was  their  complaint.” 

The  tune  comes  from  a  ballad  registered  as  “Ha  ha  my  ffancy  &c” 
on  December  30,  1639  (Arber’s  Transcript ,  IV,  494),  and  perhaps 
preserved  rather  accurately  in  the  Percy  Folio  MS.  (ed.  Hales  and 
Furnivall,  II,  30).  The  printed  copy,  called  “Bedlam  Schoolman,” 
was  sung  “To  Its  Own  Proper  Tune,  Holozv  my  Fancie ,  whither  zuilt 
thou  go?”  ( Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VI,  450  ff. ;  VIII,  769).  It  was 
imitated  by  the  ballad  of  “Alas,  Poor  Scholar”  which  is  discussed  on 
p.  19,  above. 


179 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


&las  poore  flrabc5i=men  tofiat  shall  toe  bo? 

OR, 

LONDON S  Complaint  through  babncSSc  of  Crabittg, 
Jfor  toorfe  being  Scant,  tfjcir  substance  is  fabeing. 

To  the  Tune  of,  Hallow  my  Fancy  whether  wilt  thou  goe? 

1  Amidst  of  melancholly  trading, 

out  of  my  store, 

I  found  my  substance  fading 
all  my  houshold  viewing, 
which  to  ruine 
Falls  daily  more  and  more: 

Forth  then  I  went 
And  walkt  about  the  City, 

Where  I  beheld 

What  mov’d  my  heart  with  pity: 

And  being  home  returned 
I  thought  upon  this  ditty, 

Alas  poor  Trades-men 
What  shall  we  doe. 

2  Shops,  Shops,  Shops,  I  discry  now 

with  Windows  ready  shut, 

They’l  neither  sell  nor  buy  now, 

Whilst  our  Lords  and  Gentry, 
are  ith  Countrey, 
the  more  is  our  griefe  god  wott: 

Woe  to  the  causers 
Of  this  seperation 
Which  bred  the  civill 
Wars  in  this  Nation. 

It  is  the  greatest  cause 
Of  Londons  long  vacation, 

180 


ALAS,  POOR  TRADESMEN 


Alas  poore  Trades-men , 

What  shall  we  doe. 

3  Forts  in  the  fields  new  erected 

where  multitudes  do  run. 

To  see  the  same  effected: 

All  their  judgement  spending, 
and  commending 
the  same  to  be  well  done : 

But  yet  I  feare, 

Our  digging  and  our  ramming, 

Scarse  can  defend 

The  poorest  sort  from  famine, 

For  all  the  rich  may  have 
As  much  as  they  can  cramme  in, 
Alas  poore  trades-men 
What  shall  we  doe. 

4  One  may  perhaps  have  large 

whihst  thousand  more  complaines 
Oppressed  with  their  charge : 

All  this  care  and  toyling, 
with  formoyling, 
affords  but  little  gains: 

In  hopes  of  peace 
Our  selves  have  deluded, 

That  on  our  store 
So  far  we  have  intruded, 

Except  a  happy  peace 
Amongst  us  be  concluded, 

Alas  poore  trades-men 
What  shall  we  doe. 

181 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 
)t  geconb  $art,  tEo  tfje  game  tEune. 

5  Corn  God  be  thank’ t  is  not  scant  yet, 

and  yet  for  ought  we  know 
The  poorer  sort  may  want  it. 

In  the  midst  of  plenty, 
more  than  twenty 
have  found  it  to  be  so: 

For  if  they  have  not 
Money  for  to  buy  it, 

The  richer  sort  they 
Have  hearts  for  to  deny  it, 

If  that  you’l1  not  beleeve  me, 

YouT  finde  it  when  you  try  it, 

Alas  poore  trades-men 
What ,  &c. 

6  Whilst  we  were  wel  imploied, 

and  need  not  for  to  play, 

We  plenty  then  enjoyed: 

Every  weeke  a  Noble 
clear  without  trouble, 
is  better  than  eight  pence  a  day : 
Yet  on  the  Sabbath  day 
We  used  to  rest  us, 

And  went  to  th’2  Church 
To  pray,  and  God  hath  blest  us. 

But  since  the  civill  wars 
Begun3  for  to  molest  us, 

Alas  poore  trades-men 
What ,  &c. 


1  The  apostrophe  has  dropped  out  of  the  text. 


l82 


3  T ext  ’th.  3  Text  begnn. 


ALAS,  POOR  TRADESMEN 


7  All  things  so  out  of  order, 

the  Father  kills  the  Son, 

Yet  this  they  count  no  murder 
Wars  are  necessary 
oh  no,  but  tarry, 

I  wish  they’d  not  bin  begun, 

For  where  a  Kingdom 
Is  of  it  selfe  divided, 

And  people  knows  not 
By  whom  they  should  be  guided 
It  is  too  great  a  matter 
By  me  to  be  decided. 

A  las  poore  trades-men 
What ,  &c. 

8  Now  to  conclude  my  ditty, 

the  Lord  send  England  peace 
And  plenty  in  this  City : 

Grant  the  land  may  flourish, 
long  for  to  nourish 
us  with  her  blest  increase. 

Our  Gracious  King, 

The  Lord  preserve  and  blesse  Him 
With  safe  return 
To  them  that  long  do  misse  him, 
And  send  him  to  remain 
With  them  that  well  do  wish  him, 
Alas  poor  trades-men 
What  shall  zve  doe. 

LONDON,  Printed  for  Francis  Grove. 

183 


20 


Lex  talionis 

669.  f.  1 1  (74),  italic  type,  with  an  occasional  word  in  roman  letter, 
two  columns,  no  woodcuts.  Thomason’s  date  is  September  3,  1647. 

In  accordance  with  his  title,  the  author  points  out  that  the  law  of 
retaliation — an  eye  for  an  eye,  a  tooth  for  a  tooth — will  bring  the 
Parliament  to  its  downfall;  for  just  as  Charles  I  gave  power  to  a  Par¬ 
liament  that  has  basely  betrayed  him,  so  that  body  has  found  in  servants, 
like  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax,  to  whom  it  has  granted  power  and  favor, 
opponents  determined  to  undo  it.  Lex  Talionis :  or,  God  faying  every 
man  in  his  own  Coyn  (E.  294  (13))  was,  it  is  interesting  to  note,  the 
subject  of  a  sermon  preached  before  the  House  of  Commons  by  Francis 
Woodcock  in  July,  1645.  The  tune,  named  from  the  first  line  of  the 
ballad  of  “Bacchus  against  Cupid,”  is  printed  along  with  the  words  in 
D’Urfey’s  Pills  to  Purge  Melancholy ,  1719,  IV,  79. 


184 


LEX  TALIONIS 


tl€x 

#aa, 

aarraw© 


To  the  Tune  of,  Prethy  friend  leave  off  this  thinking. 

1  The  Cavaliers  are  vanquish'd  quite, 

The  King  took  from  that  wicked  train, 
That  would  deprive  him  of  his  rights,1 
And  bring  in  Popery  again: 

The  Army  and  the  Parliament, 

Must  now  dispute  what  Government 

2  Shall  be  establish’d  in  this  Nation, 
Protestants  are  out  of  date, 

Where  is  that  glorious  Reformation 
We  contested  for  of  late*? 

Not  having  forme  nor  order  now, 

We  would  serve  God  if  we  knew  how. 

3  The  Papist  and  the  Protestant 
The  Round-head  and  the  Cavalier 
Can  neither  act  nor  yet  prevent 
Those  dangers  which  doe  now  appeare: 
The  Presbyter  and  Independent, 

Now  are  Plaintiffe  and  Defendant. 

4  The  Parliament  gave  a  Commission, 

To  their  Troops  to  ketch  their  King, 

Not  limiting  on  what  condition, 

So  they  alive  or  dead  did  bring: 

But  now  they  have  him  none  do  know 
How  they  his  person  shall  bestow. 


3  Read  right. 


185 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


5  The  Countrey  can  no  longer  beare, 

The  City  which  this  War  fomented, 

Must  with  their  neighbours  sufferings  have, 
And  at  their  losses  be  contented : 

The  Apprentices  next  Tuesday  may 
Conclude  a  peace  to  crown  their  day. 

6  The  Londoners  will  fetch  their  King, 

The  Parliament  proclaim’d  it  so, 

Sir  Thomas  would  him  fain  home  bring, 
From  whence  do  these  distractions  grow"? 
How  come  the  holy  Brethren 
Thus  erre,  alas  they  are  but  men? 

7  This  Citie  who  advanced  High, 

A  Parliament  above  their  God, 

Like  dust  into  their  faces  fly, 

And  for  themselves  have  made  a  Rod 
They  covenanted  to  mayntain 
What  priviledge  they  now  disdain. 

8  The  King  who  once  did  rule  Supream, 

Gave  power  to  a  Parliament 

To  settle  things,  but  they  have  clean 
Depriv’d  him  of  his  government: 

He  put  a  Sword  into  their  hands 
For  which  his  life  in  danger  stands. 

9  Such  power  the  States  gave  to  Sir  Thomas , 
Still  presuming  he  would  be 

Their  servant,  and  perform  his  promise 
To  serve  his  Majestie: 

186 


LEX  TALIONIS 


But  he  requites  them  in  each  thing, 

As  they  before  have  serv’d  the  King. 

10  And  thus  you  see  the  Heavens  were  just 
Who  renders  every  one  his  due, 

He  that  deceives  his  Masters  trust, 

Shall  never  finde  a  servant  true: 

Let  each  one  learn  from  hence  to  doe, 
Even  as  you  would  be  done  unto. 


187 


2  I 


A  harmony  of  healths 

Manchester,  II,  38,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  two  woodcuts. 

Here  a  devoted  Royalist  expresses  the  joy  he,  with  many  others,  felt 
when,  in  1647,  it  seemed  likely  that  Charles  I  and  the  Parliament 
would  reach  an  amicable  agreement.  The  title  of  the  ballad  gives  a 
toast  not  only  to  the  King  but  to  all  other  members  of  the  royal  family, 
naming  Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  Princess  Mary  (afterwards  Princess  of 
Orange),  Prince  Charles,  Henry,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  and  James,  Duke 
of  York  (afterwards  James  II).  The  refrain  omits  “the  rest  o’  th’ 
Posterity,”  the  young  Princesses  Elizabeth  and  Henrietta;  but  the 
omission  was  probably  due  only  to  the  exigencies  of  metre,  not  to  a 
lack  of  enthusiasm  for  royalty. 

The  Queen  (cf.  stanza  3)  landed  in  France  for  the  second  (and 
last)  time  after  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  on  July  16,  1644.  She 
wrote  continually  to  the  “Prince  of  the  Mountaines,”  Charles,  urging 
him  to  join  her  there,  but  he  deferred  doing  so  until  June  26,  1646 
(Gardiner,  History  of  the  Great  Civil  War,  III,  67,  1 10,  164). 

On  November  16,  1647,  Charles  I  sent  a  conciliatory  message  to  the 
Houses  of  Parliament,  asking  to  be  admitted  to  a  personal  treaty  in 
London.  A  few  days  later,  the  Lords  drew  up  Four  Propositions  and 
sent  them  to  the  Commons,  recommending  that  when  these  Proposi¬ 
tions  had  passed  both  Houses  as  bills  they  be  sent  to  the  King,  whose 
acceptance  or  rejection  of  them  should  determine  whether  or  not  he 
should  be  given  liberty  to  come  to  London  to  treat  with  the  Parliament 
in  person.  On  November  27,  the  Commons  accepted  the  suggestion  of 
the  Lords.  The  ballad  was  written  between  this  date  and  December  14, 
when  the  Four  Propositions  became  the  Four  Bills.  A  complete 
misunderstanding  of  the  political  situation  and  of  the  real  impotence 
of  the  King  is  exhibited  by  the  balladist,  who  in  the  last  stanza  exults 
at  the  thought  that  the  King’s  return  will  involve  a  full  restoration  of 
the  royal  power,  with  axes  and  halters  to  behead  or  hang  the  leaders 
of  the  rebellion.  Far  different,  however,  was  the  sequel.  The  Four 

188 


A  HARMONY  OF  HEALTHS 


Bills  were  presented  to  Charles  at  Carisbrooke  Castle  on  December  24, 
and  four  days  later  he  rejected  them  (Gardiner,  of.  cit IV,  24, 
32-41). 

The  tune  is  not  known  to  me. 

a  Jfjatrmanp  of  $)caitf)S, 

®o  tfje  HingS  fjappy  ATniott, 

Sittf)  tfje  parliaments  Communion, 

®o  tf>e  Princes  comming  fjeitfjer, 

®o  tfje  ttno  ©ufees  together, 

®o  tf)’  ttoo  Maryes  prosperity, 
anti  tf je  rest  o’  tf)’  Posterity. 

The  Tune  is,  Give  the  Word  about ,  &c. 


i  Come  honest  Neighbours  all, 
sith  we  are  met  here, 

189 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


For  the  best  Wine  let’s  call, 
that  we  can  get  here: 

Let’s  in  a  merry  vaine 
all  cares  abandon, 

King  Charles  will  come  againe, 
shortly  to  London. 

Here's1  to  our  Royall  King , 
in  Spanish  Fountaines ,2 
And  to  the  blest  off- spring, 

Prince  of  the  Mountaines : 

1  neither  dread  rebukes , 
nor  aduersaries , 

Here' s  a  Health  to  both  the  Dukes , 
and  the  two  Maries. 

2  They  who  are  Subjects  true, 

faithfull  and  loyall, 

Will  yeild  obedience  due, 
t’our  Soveraigne  Loyall  :3 
The  King  of  Heaven  did 
o’ re  us  instate  him, 

I  would  the  Land  were  rid 
of  all  that  hate  him. 

Here' s  to  our  Royall  King ,  &c. 

3  With  sad  and  heavy  cheare, 

we  all  have  smarted, 

Since  Charles  our  Soveraigne  deare, 
from  us  departed: 


Text  Her’s?  (Blurred.) 

Text  Fouutaines.  3  Read  Royall. 


190 


A  HARMONY  OF  HEALTHS 


And  since  his  Consort  mild, 
sayl’d  to  her  Brother, 

And  Charles  their  princely  Child, 
went  to  his  Mother. 

Heres  a  health' 1  to  our  royall  king  <3V.5 

4  I  wish  with  all  my  Soule, 

that  the  first  Movers, 

Of  this  Distraction  foule, 
those  mischiefe  Lovers : 

May  have  their  due  deserts, 
pray  all  good  Fellowes, 

That  they  in  severall  Carts, 
may  ride  to  th,c  Gallowes. 

Here' s  a  Health  to  our  royall  King , 
in  Spanish  Fount nines. 

And  to  the  blest  offspring , 

Prince  of  the  Mountaines : 

I  neither  dread  rebukes , 
nor  aduersaries , 

Here' s  a  Health  to  both  our  Dukes , 
and  the  two  Maries. 

Wi fje  geeonts  part,  @To  tfjc  game  tune. 

5  When  royall  Charles  doth  come, 

to’s  old  abiding, 

To  make  him  welcome  home 
running  and  riding: 

Will  thought  too  little  be, 
hees  so  desired, 


4  Text  apparently  health. 


6  No  period.  6  Text  to’  th\ 

191 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


His  comely  face  to  see, 
our  hearts  are  fired. 

Here  s  a  Health  to  our  Roy  all  King, 
in  Spanish  Fountaines 
And  to  the  blest  of -spring , 

Prince  of  Mountaines: 

1  neither  dread  rebukes , 
nor  aduersaries , 

Here's  a  Health  to  both  our  Dukes , 
and  the  two  Maries.8 

6  Sure  Heaven  ow’d  a  Scourge, 

unto  this  Nation, 

And  her  foule  sinnes  to  purge, 
rais’d  this  occasion : 

Many  an  Innocent, 

in  to9  th’  Grave  thrust  is, 

Yet  King  and  Parliament, 
both  pretend10  Iustice. 

Here  s  a  health  to  our  royall  king  &c. 

7  Let’s  leave  our  luxerie, 

pride,  wrath,  and  malice, 

And  we  shall  shortly  see, 
in  White-Hall-Paliace, 

Our  gracious  King  and  Queene, 
with  the  Royall  Issue, 

And  the  Court  as  it  hath  beene, 
in  Silkes  and  Tisue. 

Here' s  a  Health  to  our  Royall  King , 
in  Spanish  Fountains , 

7  Read  of  the.  8  Text  Manies.  9  Text  to’.  10  Text  protend. 


192 


A  HARMONY  OF  HEALTHS 


And  to  the  blest  offspring , 

Prince  of  the  Mountaines : 

I  ?ieither  dread  rebukes , 
nor  aduersaries , 

Here  s  a  Health  to  both  our  Dukes, 
and  the  two  Maries. 

8  If  Heaven  a  Iudgement  had, 

long  layd  up  for  us, 

And  after  sorrowes  sad, 
will  now  restore  us : 

Unto  our  joyes  againe, 
sending  our  King  home, 

Let  us  him  entertaine, 
and  bravely  bring  home. 

Here's  a  Health  to  our  royall  king,  ©[c.]11 

9  His  gracious  Majesty, 

(though  he  had  forces,) 

Would  not  come  heither  bv 

* 

indirect  courses  :12 
Heel  to  the  Parliament, 
keepe  just  Conditions,1" 

And  in  time  yeeld  consent, 
to  th’  Propositions. 

Here' s  a  Health  to  our  royall  king  [<3V.  ]14 

10  If  the  King  comes  to  towne, 

(as  it  is  likly, ) 

With  honour  and  renowne, 
you  shall  see  quickly: 

11  Text  &  (torn).  12  Text  couses.  13  Text  Conditious.  14  Margin  torn. 

193 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Ropemakers,  Carpenters, 

Hangmen,  and  Iaylors, 

More  us’d  then  Shoo-makers, 

Weavers  or  Taylors. 

Here  s  a  Health  unto  our  Royall  Ki[ng,\ 
in  Spanish  F ountaines ,16 

And  to  the  blest  offspring, 

Prince  of  the  Mountaines: 

1  neither  dread  rebukes, 
nor  aduersaries, 

Here's  a  Health  to  both  our  Duk\es\° 
and  the  two  Maries. 

j rmm. 

Printed  by  John  Hamm  [ond.] 15 


35  Margin  torn. 

3f’  Text  Fountaies. 


i94 


22 


Strange  and  wonderful predictions 

Manchester,  II,  40,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

This  ballad  is  an  outspoken  production  printed  by  the  “learned 
Presbyterian  printer,  Mr.  Hammond”  (cf.  p.  45),  and  allowed  by  the 
official  licenser  of  printing,  Gilbert  Mabbott.  It  seems  doubtful  that 
the  Commons  could  have  approved  of  the  comments  attributed  to 
Saltmarsh  on  the  army  and  Fairfax,  of  the  burst  of  joy  with  which  the 
dissolution  of  the  army  is  welcomed,  and  of  the  ardent  wish  expressed 
for  the  restoration  to  power  of  Charles  I.  Saltmarsh  wrote  many 
pamphlets  (several  of  them  directed  at  Thomas  Edwards,  the  author  of 
Gangraena ,  and  at  Thomas  Fuller),  and  the  authorship  of  others  was 
foisted  on  him  (cf.  the  Cambridge  History  of  English  Literature ,  VII, 
400).  The  ballad  is  a  summary  of  W onderfull  Predictions  declared  in 
a  Message ,  as  from  the  Lord ,  to  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  and  the  Councell 
of  His  Army.  By  John  Saltmarsh.  His  sever  all  speeches  and  the  man¬ 
ner  of  his  Death ,  a  pamphlet  licensed  by  Mabbott  and  printed  by 
Robert  Ibbitson  on  December  29,  1647  (E.  421(16)).  These  “Pre¬ 
dictions”  were  included  in  a  volume  of  twenty-two  prophecies  printed 
in  1648,  but  the  title-page  of  the  Harvard  copy  (Gay  648.  897.5), 
the  only  one  I  have  seen,  is  badly  mutilated.  Further  information 
about  Saltmarsh’s  opinions  and  his  predictions  is  given  in  England’s 
Friend  Raised  from  the  Grave ,  giving  seasonable  advice  to  the  Lord 
General ,  Lieutenant  General ,  and  the  Council  of  War,  three  letters 
edited  in  1649  by  Mary  Saltmarsh,  John’s  widow. 

For  the  tune  cf.  No.  48.  In  a  ballad  printed  in  my  Pefysian 
Garland,  p.  432,  it  is  called  Bragandary  dozune,  &c.,  not  Bragandary 
round. 


195 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

Strange  anfo  toottberfull  iprobictions  :x 
SJeclateb  in  a  iWkssage,  (as  from  tfje  1L03&M)  to 
i)tO  Cxtellencp  H>ir  Thomas  Fairfax,  mb  tfjcCoun= 
tell  of  IjtS  Urrnp.  jBp  John  Saltmarsh  Preacljet'  of 
tfjc  <£>ospell,  tottl)  fjis  set)  era  1 1  Speeches,  anti  tfje 

manner  of  jjis  beatf). 


To  the  Tune  of,  Bragandary  round . 


1  The  Wonders  of  the  Lord  are  past 

all  Peoples  finding  out, 

Which  you  shall  understand  at  last, 
to  put  you  out  of  doubt : 

Master  Saltmarsh  did  Prophesie, 

Told  iust  the  time  himselfe  should  die. 

Oh  wonder  wonderfull  wonder, 

The  like  hath  not  bin  knowne. 

2  He  Prophesies  the  Armies  fall, 

except  they  do  repent, 

He  said  that  they  should  perish  all, 

Gods  wrath  on  them  is  bent, 

One  Souldier  shall  destroy  another, 

The  brother  shall  rise  against  the  brother, 
Oh  wonder  wonderfull  wonder, 

The  like  hath  not  bin  knowne. 

3  This  Saltmarsh 2  was  a  Minister, 

a  man  of  blamlesse  Life, 

That  preached  to  the  Army  oft, 
and  sought  to  end  all  strife, 

1  Sic.  2  Text  Salmarsh. 

196 


STRANGE  AND  WONDERFUL  PREDICTIONS 


In  midst  of  warre  he  preached  peace, 
And  daily  pray’d  our  woes  might  cease. 
Lord  open  the  Armies  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this. 

4  Like  one  was  risen  from  the  dead, 

he  to  the  Army  went, 

His  eyes  were  sunck  within  his  head, 
as  though  his  life  were  spent, 

He  told  them  he  from  God  was  sent, 

To  move  the  Army  to  repent, 

Lord  open  the  Armies  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this. 

5  He  said  he  in  a  Trance  had  bin, 

and  saw  a  Vision  strange, 

That  he  was  sent  from  God  above, 
that  he  their  minds  might  change, 

For  leaving  their  first  principall, 

God  would  send  wrath  upon  them  all. 
Lord  open  the  Armies  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this.3 

6  He  told  Sir  Thomas  to  his  Face, 

things  were  not  right  among  them 
That  those  that  were  the  Saints  of  grace, 
they  daily  sought  to  wrong  them, 
Keeping  them  in  Prison  still, 

Quite  against  the  Almighties  will, 

Lord  open  the  Armies  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this. 


3  Text  t  [  ]  Is. 


197 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


7  Those4  that  did  stick  unto  them  most, 

they  most  of  all  do  slight, 

Though  for  a  while  they  heare  are  crost, 
the  LORD  will  them  requite. 

These  words  he  to  the  Generali  said, 
Which  made  him  and  the  rest  dismai’d, 
Lord  open  the  Armies  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this. 

8  He  told  Sir  Thomas  thus  much  too, 

hee’d  honour  him  no  more, 

But  he  and  his  should  suffer  woe, 
as  he  had  said  before : 

'Cause  he  had  lost  his  former  Love, 

And  so  unconstant  now  doth  prove, 

Lord  open  the  Armies  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this. 

9  They  asked  him  if  he  thought  best, 

the  Army  should  disband, 

He  bid  them  set  their  hearts  at  rest, 

God  had  more  worke  in  hand. 

Some  of  the  Army  should  remaine, 

Would  do  for  conscience  more  then  gaine, 
Lord  open  all  their  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this. 

lo  He  wished  some  he  well  did  love, 
to  leave  the  Army  then, 

And  from  the  quarters  soone  remove 
from  all  such  factious  men, 

4  The  third  column  (really  “The  Second  Part”)  begins  here. 

198 


STRANGE  AND  WONDERFUL  PREDICTIONS 

Least  of  their  Plagues  they  do  partake, 

His  mind  to  them  he  thus  did  breake, 

Lord  open  all  our  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this. 

1 1  He  said  the  day  of  Doome  was  neare, 

and  God  his  Saints  would  call, 

Christ  in  the  Clouds  will  soone  appeare, 

(quoth  he)  to  judge  you  all: 

Let  no  men  then  my  words  condem, 

Lest  suddaine  vengence  light  on  them, 

Lord  open  all  our  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this.5 

12  When  he  his  charge  delivered  had, 

he  went  home  to  his  Wife, 

And  seemed  to  be  very  glad, 
that  he  must  end  his  life : 

He  had  instructed  every  Friend, 

Soone  after  that  his  life  did  end. 

Oh  wonder,  wonder  of  wonders, 

The  like  hath  not  bin  known.5 

13  Now  God  so  much  our  friend  hath  stood 

that  our  Parliament,6 
Disbands  the  Army  for  our  good, 
to  give  the  Land  content, 

This  present  Moneth  the  fifteenth  day 
With  promise  they  shall  have  their  pay, 

God  give  us  thankfull  hearts, 

Who  still  doth  stand  our  friend. 

0  Comma.  6  Period. 


199 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


14  After  this  time  no  longer  they, 
free-quarter  are  to  have, 

'Twill  be  indeed  a  happy  day, 
what  more  now  can  we  crave, 

But  that  our  King  with  full  consent, 
Returne  unto  his  Parliament. 

Lord  open  all  their  hearts, 

For  to  consider  this. 


Printed  at  London  by  lohn  Hammond. 
Imprimatur  Gilbert  Mabbott. 


200 


23 

Come  buy  a  mouse-trap 

Manchester,  I,  52,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

One  of  the  woodcuts  shows  Peters,  the  lustful  postman,  with  his 
hand  caught  under  the  door  in  a  springtrap  so  large  that  it  might 
better  have  been  intended  for  foxes  than  for  rats.  The  trap  is  well 
inside  the  bedroom:  the  husband  and  wife,  lying  in  bed,  look  at  the 
trapped  hand,  and  the  wife  says,  “The  Rat  is  catch’t.”  On  the  other 
side  of  the  door  Peters  is  crying  out,  “Oh,  my  finngers.” 

The  date  of  the  ballad  cannot  be  exactly  determined,  but  may  be 
assumed  to  be  about  1647,  for  John  Hammond  came  into  prominence 
as  a  ballad-printer  (cf.  Nos.  21,  22,  24)  in  that  year.  The  author, 
Humphrey  Crouch  (cf.  No.  12),  too,  was  certainly  writing  ballads  in 
1647.  The  plot  of  his  ballad  had  long  been  a  favorite  and,  with 
some  unimportant  modifications,  is  used  also  for  No.  35.  Even  most 
Puritans,  one  suspects,  would  not  have  objected  to  the  coarseness  of 
the  story,  but  would  have  heartily  applauded  the  “honesty”  of  the  wife. 

For  the  tune  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  123. 


201 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

Come  hup  a  4$!ous(E=®rap,  <&t,  a  neto  toap  to  catcf)  an 
olti  Sat:  Petttg  a  true  relation  of  one  Peters!  a  Posit 
of  Soterbam,  tofjo  tempting1  an  fjonesft  tooman  to 
leubnegse,  toast  bp  her  anb  fjer  busibanb  eatch’t2  in  a 
jHousfe  ®rap,  bp  tof)at  meaner  the  follototng  i§>torp 

siball  relate. 


To  the  tune  of,  Packingtons  Pound. 

1  This  Nation  long  time  hath  bin  plagued  with 

old  Rats, 

And  bin  at  great  charges  to  keepe  them  good  Cats, 
[And]3  one  great  black  Rat  now  as  it  doth  appeare, 
[Did]3  put  a  Faire  Woman  in  bodily  feare, 

But  he  being  in  hast, 

Was  taken  at  last, 

[The]3  Woman  was  glad  when  the  danger  was  past, 
But  certaine  you  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat , 
Come  buy  a  new  Mouse-Trap  to  catch  an  old  Rat. 

2  Good  morrow  faire  Mistrisse,  good  morrow 

(quoth  she) 

I  would  we  were  better  acquainted  (quoth  he) 

You  may  if  you  please  Sir,  the  Woman  reply’ d, 

For  why,  my  poore  Spirit  is  free  from  all  pride: 

He  gave  her  a  Shilling, 

The  woman  seem’d  willing. 

Then  straight  the  old  Rat,  and  the  Mouse  fell  a 
billing, 

But  certaine  you  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  &c. 


1  Text  temping.  2  Text  catch.  3  Torn. 


202 


COME  BUY  A  MOUSE-TRAP 


3  Then  unto  the  Taverne  they  went  with  all  speed, 
And  there  they  were  wonderous  merry  indeed : 

The  old  Rat  was  hungery,  and  aim’d  at  her  fall, 
The  Woman  was  honest  and  crafty  withall, 

He  call’d  her  his  Honny, 

And  proffer’d  her  Money, 

What  should  an  old  Mungrell  doe  with  a  young 
Conny  ? 

But  cert aine  we  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  (Sc. 

4  He  praised  her  Foot  and  he  praised  her  Hand, 

And  faine  he  would  have  her  now  at  his  command, 
She  told  him  her  Husband  was  gone  out  of  Town, 
And  he  should  lye  with  her  all  Night  for  a  Crown. 

A  Crowne  he  did  give  her, 

Which  well  did  relieve  her, 

And  so  the  old  Doatard  was  forc’d  to  believe  her. 
hut  certaine  you  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  &c. 

5  lie  lay  the  Key  under  the  Doore  Sir  (quoth  she) 

And  then  about  mid-night  you  may  come  to  me, 

Alas  Mistrisse  sweet  Lips  you  doe  me  great  wrong, 
For  I  am  not  able  to  tarry  so  long: 

My  Neighbours  (quoth  she) 

Takes  notice  of  me, 

When  they  are  a  sleep,  then  the  businesse  must  be, 
hut  certaine  you  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  &c. 

6  Then  by  much  perswasion  at  length  they  did  part, 
And  she  took  her  leave  of  her  old  new  Sweet-heart, 
She  went  to  her  husband  &  straight  did  declare  it, 
Who  laughed  most4  heartily  when  he  did  heare  it, 

4  Text  m[]st. 

203 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


He  highly  commends  her, 

And  thus  much  befriends  her, 

That  he  with  assistance  behold  now  attends  her, 

But  certaine  we  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  &c. 

7  Husband  (quoth  she)  if  by  me  you’l  be  ruled, 

By  me  this  old  Doatard  again  shall  be  fooled. 

When  he  at  night  comes  for  to  make  me  his  whore, 
He’l  grope  with  his  hand  for  the  Key  of  the  doore, 

A  Mouse-Trap  their  set, 

O  doe  not  forget, 

And  there  you  may  catch  him,  &  teach  him  more  wit, 
But  certaine  we  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat , 

Come  buy  a  new  Mouse-Trap  to  catch  an  old  Rat. 

8  He  did  then  according  as  she  him  advised, 

A  better  Project  was  never  devised, 

Peters  the  Post  then0  came  posting  with  speed, 

And  there  he  was  catcht  by  the  Fingers  indeed, 

H  is  Fingers  were  toare, 

Which  made  him  to  roare, 

The  old  Rat  was  never  so  plagued  before, 

But  certaine  we  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat , 

Come  buy  a  new  Mouse-Trap  to  catch  an  old  Rat. 

9  He  call’d  to  the  Woman  to  shew  him  some  pitty, 
And  there  he  sung  forth  a  most  pittifull  Ditty, 

The  Man  he  made  answer,  &  call’d  him  sweet-hony, 
Quoth  he  art  thou  come  for  to  bring  me  more  mony, 

Some  money  lie  give  thee, 

If  thou  wilt  relieve  mee, 


5  Text  then. 


204. 


COME  BUY  A  MOUSE-TRAP 


And  for  my  offences  now  freely  forgive  mee, 

But  certaine  you  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  &c. 

10  Five  pounds  he  did  give  him,  and  fell  on  his  knees, 
He  askt  him  forgivenes,  which  when  the  man  sees, 
He  draws  out  his  sword  then  &  makes  him  believe, 
He’d  cut  off  his  head  now,  which  made  him  to  grieve, 

But  I  did  heareG  sav, 

This  Rat  run  away, 

And  did  through  feare  his  Breeches  bewray, 

But  certaine  we  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  &c. 

1 1  Peters  the  Post-man  next  day  did  lament, 

And  all  the  sweet  Sisters  were  much  discontent, 

He  might  have  had  any  of  them  at  command, 
Without  any  trouble,  the  case  so  did  stand : 

These  sweet  babes  of  Grace, 

Told  him  to  his  face, 

For  hunting  strange  flesh,  they  would  him  displace, 
hut  certaine  we  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  &c. 

12  All  you  married  men  now,  rejoyce  you  and  say 
Our  wives  are  all  honest,  and  teach  us  a  way, 

If  they  so  continue,  to  keep  our  heads  cleare 
From  homes,  which  a  many  do  causelesly  feare, 

And  you  that  make  Traps, 

’Twill  be  your  good  haps 
To  flourish,  if  women  doe  scape  private  claps, 
but  certaine  you  shall  have  no  need  of  a  Cat ,  &c. 


6  Text  hearo. 


205 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

Now  all  you  good  women  that  lead  honest  lives, 
And  wou’d  be  accounted  to  be  honest  wives, 

If  you  in  the  Street  doe  meet  such  a  Knave, 

Tell  him  at  home  Sir  a  Mouse-Trap  you  have, 
'Twill  make  them  a  shamed, 

When  they  heare  it  named, 

And  you  for  your  modesty  ever  be  famed, 

But  certaine  we  shall  have  no  need ‘  of  a  Cat , 
Come  buy  a  nezu  Mouse-Trap  to  catch  an  old  Rat. 

Hum'phery  Crouch. 

LONDON,  Printed  by  Iohn  Hammond. 


2o6 


24 

The  good- fellow s  complaint 

Manchester,  II,  23,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  two  woodcuts.  The  first 
three  stanzas  are  badly  mutilated,  the  gaps  being  filled  in  between 
square  brackets  more  or  less  by  guess.  Stanzas  3  and  9  are  irregular. 
The  date  is  about  1647. 

On  March  28,  1643,  John  Pym  proposed  to  Parliament  an  excise 
on  all  commodities  bought  and  sold,  but  as  a  result  of  strong  opposi¬ 
tion  was  induced  to  change  his  proposal  to  a  tax  on  superfluous  com¬ 
modities.  This  motion  was  lost.  On  July  22,  however,  “the  excise 
ordinance,  which  had  long  been  under  discussion,  and  which  was  in 
reality  an  ordinance  for  increased  customs  as  well,  was  issued  by  the 
authority  of  both  Houses”  (Gardiner,  History  of  the  Great  Civil  War , 
I,  101,  179).  All  classes  of  people  were  affected  alike,  for  the  excise 
was  levied  “not  only  on  food  and  drink,  but  on  goods  of  almost  every 
other  description,”  and  in  the  years  1647-1649  brought  in  an  average 
revenue  of  £330,000  (ibid.,  Ill,  194). 

Popular  feeling  ran  high  against  the  ordinance.  All  tradesmen 
opposed  it.  For  example,  in  1650  the  soap-makers  twice  petitioned 
the  government  to  remove  the  excise,  which  amounted  to  4 s.  8 d.  a 
barrel,  on  materials  used  in  soap-making  (E.  615  (2);  669.  f.  15  (62)). 
In  February,  1647,  officers  who  attempted  to  collect  the  excise  from 
a  man  who  had  bought  an  ox  at  Smithfield  were  cudgelled,  their  office 
was  burned,  their  books  torn,  and  £80  in  money  scattered  or  carried  off, 
the  Lord  Mayor  and  the  Sheriffs  being  called  upon  to  restore  order 
(Gardiner,  of.  cit.,  Ill,  216).  On  November  8,  1651,  Cromwell 
issued  a  proclamation  ordering  all  under  his  command  “speedily  to 
suppress  all  tumults  attempted  against  the  Commissioners  of  Excise” 
(669.  f.  16  (33)). 

Many  satires  on  the  excise  were  written:  for  example,  The  good 
Women's  Cryes  against  the  Excise  of  all  their  commodities.  Written 
by  Mary  Stiff,  chair-zvoman ,  in  vineger  verse  (1650,  E.  589  (1)),  and 
The  Excise-mens  Lamentation:  or,  An  Imfeachment  .  .  .  against  their 

207 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


insulting  Publicans  and  cruel  Offressors  (1652,  E.  683  (9)).  See  also 
The  BrezvePs  Plea:  Or,  A  Vindication  of  Strong-Beer  and  Ale,  1647 
( Harleian  Miscellany ,  1811,  VII,  329  ff.).  The  ballad-writer,  how¬ 
ever,  frankly  admits  that  he  shouldn’t  care  how  great  the  taxes  were 
on  other  commodities,  even  wine,  if  his  beer  and  ale  (for  which  the 
“enormous”  price  of  twopence  a  quart  is  asked)  were  free  from  tax¬ 
ation. 

In  connection  with  stanza  2  the  following  comment  in  Thomas 
Forde’s  Faenestra  in  Pectore.  Or,  Familiar  Letters  (1660,  p.  147)  is 
apropos: 

Since  I  began  with  the  Excise  in  England,  I  will  waft  you  over  into  Holland, 
where  it  first  began,  and  was  invented}  there  you  shall  see  how  ill  the  Dutchmen 
at  first  relished  this  Tax  upon  their  drink:  It  occasioned  this  Libel  in  Dutch, 
which  you  shall  read  in  English: 

I  wish  long  life  may  him  befall, 

And  not  one  good  day  therewithal ; 

And  Hell- fire  after  this  life  here, 

Who  first  did  raise  this  Tax  on  Beer . 

For  the  tune  see  Chappell’s  Pofular  Music,  I,  265  f. 


208 


THE  GOOD-FELLOW’S  COMPLAINT 

Cfje  goofc  Jfellotoes  Complaint: 

Mfjo  being  mucf)  griebeb  strong  Ilitguor  sljoulb  rise1 
3n  paping  a  Jfartf)ing  a  $ot  for  CxciSe. 


To  the  Tune  of,  Raged  and  tome  and  true. 


1  Come2  hither  my  jovall  Blades, 

and  listen  unto  my  Song, 

[Yo]u  that  of  severall  Trades, 
have  borne  the  burthen  long : 

[S]o  long  as  the  Patentees, 
in  England  kept  on  foot, 

[S]ome  Knaves  got  by  there  feese, 
the  Devill  and  all  to  boote : 

[O]  fie  upon  this  Excise, 

[7 is  pitty\  that  ever  ’twas  paid , 

[It  makes ]  good  Licgour  to  rise, 

[and  pu\lls  downe  many  a  Trade, 

2  [Like  the  pox]  it  first  began, 

[from  Fran\ce  to  crosse  the  Seas, 
[And  many  an]  English  man, 

[had  th]en  the  same  disease: 

[The  war  b]egot  it  at  first, 

[its  burthen]  then  to  maintaine, 

[By]  an  old  Duch  woman  nurst, 

[and  rock] 7  in  the  Cradle  of  S paine, 3 
[O  fie  upo]n  this  Excise, 

[that  ever  i]t  first  was  paid, 

[It  makes  goo^d  Licgour  to  rise, 

[and  pull\s  downe  many  a  Trade. 


1  Text  omits  rise. 


2  Text  []ome  {torn).  3  Comma. 
209 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


3  [’Tis  a  fit]  Companion  for  Wane, 

[it  fi]  11s  a  whole  Kingdom  with  care, 
[Good  Fell] owes  where  ever  they  are, 
[be]ar  a  great  part  for  their  share: 
[It]  never  should  grieve  me  much, 

[t] hough  more  Excises  were, 

The  thing  I  onely  grutch, 
is  that  of  Ale  and  Beere : 

I  never  would  vex  nor  pine, 
what  ever  you  say  or  thinke, 

To  dubble  the  price  of  Wine, 
for  that  I  seldome  drink. 

But  fie ,  &c. 

4  How  ever  it  came  to  passe, 

that  drinke  is  growne  so  deare, 

The  Tradesman  is  the  Asse, 
which  must  the  burthen  beare, 

What  though  the  Brewer  pay, 
mine  Hoast  payes  him  againe, 

Whilst  that  good  Fellowes  they, 
do  all  the  losse  sustaine : 

O  fie  upon  this  Excise , 

that  ever  it  first  was  paid , 

It  makes  good  Licqour  to  rise , 
and  pulls 4  downe  many  a  Trade. 

5  The  Blacksmith  which  doth  get, 

his  living  through  the  fire, 

And  being  throughly  het, 
to  drinke  heeT  then  desire, 

4  Text  pull.  *  Text  heel’. 

210 


THE  GOOD-FELLOW’S  COMPLAINT 

He  calls  to  another  man, 
with  him  to  spend  his  groat, 

For’t  was  not  a  peny  Can, 

could  squench  the  sparke  in’s  throat. 
Oh  fie  upon  this  Excise , 

’tis  pitty 6  that  ever  ’ twas  paid , 

It  makes  good  Licgour  to  rise , 
and  pulls  downe1  many  a  Trade. 

Cf )t  geconb  $art,  Co  tfje  game  Ctute. 

6  The  Shoomaker  and  the  Glover, 

the  Taylor  and  the  Weaver, 

When  they  meet  one  another, 
they  go  to  drinke  together : 

But  for  the  od  Farthing  losse, 
the  Taylor  deepely  swore, 

Hee’d  ne’re  layes  his  Leggs  a  crosse, 
to  worke  for  Ale-wives  more.8 
Oh  fie  upon  this  Excise , 
that  ever  it  first  was  paid , 

It  makes  good  Licgour  to  rise,9 
and  pulls  downe  many  a  Trade. 

7  If  any  Good  Fellow  doth  want, 

and  calls  for  a  pot  on  trust, 

Now  Charity’s  growne  so  scant, 
that  out  of  the  door  he’s10  thrust : 

The  Brewer  he  must  be  paid, 
the  Hostis  she  will  not  score, 

Yet  drinke  is  smaller  made, 

6  Text  pltry.  7  Text  dozvue.  8  Comma.  9  Period.  10  Text  he. 


211 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


then’t  was  in  times  before.11 
0  fie  upon  this  Excise , 

3 tis  pitty  that  ever  3  twas  paid , 

It  makes  good  Licgour  to  rise , 
and  pulls  downe  many  a 12  Trade. 

8  The  Tinker  which  doth  ring, 

his  Kettle  through  the  Towne, 

He  merrily  us’d  to  sing, 

the  Tune  of  Malt’s  come  downe, 

But  what  is  the  meaning  of  this, 
which  grieves13  me  at  the  heart, 

To  see  how  good  Ale  is, 

for  two  pence  sold  a  Quart : 

O  fie  upon  this  Excise , 

3  tis  pitty  that  ever  ’  twas  paid ,  &c. 

9  No  marvell  the  female  Sex, 

so  much  do  scould  and  brawle, 

They’le  never  cease  to  vex, 
tell  that  good  Licqour  fall : 

I  heard  an  Old  Woman  to  say, 

who’d  never  a  Tooth  in  her  head, 

She’d14  liv’d  this  many  a  day, 
onely  with  Ale  and  Bread: 

With  that  she  began  to  weepe, 
and  sadly  thus  complaine, 

Her  pention  would  never  keepe 

her,  till  th’9 10 11  pay  day  comes  againe: 

O  fie  upon  the  Excise , 

3 tis  pitty  that  ever  ’  twas  paid ,16  &c. 

11  Comma. 

iaText  omits.  13  Text  whichgrieves.  14  Text  See’d.  15  Text1  th.  18  Text  piad. 


212 


THE  GOOD-FELLOW’S  COMPLAINT 


10  Good  Fellowes  both  great  and  small, 
then  pray  that  warres  may  cease, 
That  no  Excise  at  all, 

may  be  in  the  time  of  peace: 

For  now  to  conclude  in  the  end, 
and  cast  up  the  reckoning  eaven, 
Considering  what  they  spend, 
they  loose  a  full  pot  in  seven : 

O  fie  upon  this  Excise , 

3  tis  pitty  that  ever  ’  tw as  paid , 

It  makes  good  Licgour  to  rise , 
and  pulls  downe  many  a  trade . 

Jfttush 


Printed  at  London  by  lohn  Hammond ,  and  are  to  be  sold 
over-against  Saint  Andrews  Church  in  Hoi  borne. 


213 


25 

England's  monthly predictions  for  1649 

Manchester,  II,  44,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

The  ballad  is  summarized  from  one  section  of  William  Lilly’s 
seventy-one-page  pamphlet  called  An  Astrologicall  Prediction  of  the 
Occurrences  in  England ,  fart  of  the  Yeers  1648,  1649 ,  1650 ,  a  copy 
of  which  George  Thomason  bought  on  September  4,  1648  (E.  462 
(1);  cf.  Bulstrode  Whitelock’s  Memorials ,  1732,  p.  334).  Presum¬ 
ably  ballads  summarizing  his  predictions  for  1648  and  1650  also  ap¬ 
peared,  for  there  is  in  the  Manchester  Collection  (I,  48)  a  very  badly 
mutilated  sheet  which  was  apparently  identical  with  the  present  ballad 
in  title  (except  for  the  year,  the  date  of  which  is  torn  off),  tune,  and 
printer. 

The  astrologer  Lilly  (1602—1681)  printed  his  first  almanac, 
Merlinus  Anglicus  Junior,  the  English  Merlin  Revived,  in  April, 
1644,  and  his  first  pamphlet  of  prophecies,  The  English  Merlin  Re¬ 
vived,  or  his  Predictions  upon  the  affairs  of  the  English  Common¬ 
wealth,  in  the  same  year.  Many  such  pamphlets  and  an  annual 
almanac  from  his  pen  appeared  until  the  year  of  his  death.  Sir  John 
Birkenhead’s  Two  Centuries  of  PauVs  Churchyard,  1649  ( Harleian 
Miscellany,  1812,  IX,  409),  includes  in  its  list  of  books:  uMerlinus 
Anglicus.  The  Art  of  discovering  all  that  never  was,  and  all  that  never 
shall  be,  by  W.  Lilly',  with  an  Index  thereunto,  by  John  Booker ” 
(a  rival  astrologer). 

Though  professedly  an  adherent  of  the  Parliament,  Lilly  neverthe¬ 
less  aided  Charles  I  to  escape  from  Carisbrooke  Castle  in  1648  and, 
according  to  his  own  story,  gave  him  still  further  aid.  At  the  Res¬ 
toration,  he  was  rigidly  examined  on  his  knowledge  of  the  execu¬ 
tion  of  Charles  I,  but  he  escaped  with  a  brief  imprisonment  and  a 
small  fine.  Lilly’s  predictions,  as  summarized  in  the  ballad,  were 
strikingly  fulfilled  in  the  execution  of  Charles  I  and  the  three 
gentlemen  of  No.  31. 

For  the  two  tunes  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music,  I,  319  and  234. 

214 


Enghnds  \lonthIy  Predictions  for  this  prefent  yea 

and  Accidents  that  will  happen  this  year  in  the  kingdomc 
who  is  the  prime  Aftrclogian  of  our  Nation  at 

England  repenr,and  call  to  God  for  Grace, 

Thy  Bell  doth  Toll, Death  darts  thee  in  thy  face, 

TothcTuneof  Fairc’Angell  of  Eng] 


trafr  Endinthftc  Cartjcn  of  Europe  toao  cajro 
r  mbo  once  bao  Ijrr  frecoom,  but  noU)  fijee  mtb?aV&> 
tooesanobcrfojrotos  tbcp  noto  boc  begin, 
ano  l^eatrenteangrp  tottb  usfoj  onr  rtn 
deaf  fochollerflanoartfmcntbfflwar  p:cfage> 
&trangctfjtngs  tfterc  tball  happen  !?fa?c.raD  age’ 

» yt  all  men  take  toarofng  ano  unto  ^oBVjap , 

SCficn  Uftcn  nno  bear  tobattijc  learn  e&  ootb  fap» 

lanuary. 

■fiotofao  latuuiv  bcgfnnetb  fbc  pear,  „  _ 

Ccoara  ftall  bt  tbnticn;  great  men  flltB  toffft  frar, 

:  fioto  Scotland  mlb  KnelanJ  thrp  botl)  Id  11  AfpfrC 
luio JLarlns  Hccefbcrs  be  papto  tbefr  btre : 

13ao  tutfons  of  Officers  note  come  to  light, 

SolH  Conntrp  sm»  cTitp  feesrfirp  did  not  right, 

Mien  in  atithojiCtc  luftlp  oto  ocal, 
feiDcct  peace  toonlocnfucuntqtbf*  Common  focal 
^  „  February. 

nno  noto  h-Im Orange  things  ft  tot’ll  them, 
xt  p:onnfet!)  b’roolhrB  toftljfo'.roto  nno  tooe, 
t^oine  bcaoro.fonfo  banaco  ano fomc to oeatb  wot. 
^no  floblciiunolftonouro  bcabnott  fojgot: 

^  p.oto  fo:roto  nbounoetb  in  cbcn>  place, 

;VnO  thus fo  pro: »  'vl.ind  in  pittifull  cnle, 

f  o:notonmongtt  moft  men  fberejero  true  lobe, 
*1no  CCctt-toarosojfeoutb  tofft  tbc  j3rin^  foul  mobe. 

V  a!i:\ 

rbrn  Mr»rd»  eomeo  in  bluftrmg.  rcrrfrp  JtetiO 
©rent  men  from  bio  furic  ano  to:ntb  tnnnot  uiiotib, 

r*tifb  Ortfc  in  ftcWgionnnunr  us  is 
flnofotnctoill  bcfjjoitertbfBtpontb  bp  the  %)ccd. 


’CfsboubtcB  an  3rmp  comes  fromfte  i^ojtb  (2  > 
c  tobicb  unto  England  totU  fee  a  boio  guf  ft ; 
tnben  ©after  oap  fittctljtn  Ham>*Bapes  lap* 
%{#  p^oberbe  bios  fchiFund  betoarc  of  a  clap, 

April). 

2Tbfo  April  1  noto  focepetl)  on  ©artb  fn  her  ft«* 
Anonotoreftleffc  fpfritoneto  quarrclls  bcgm> 
London  Irofc  about  fh?c  mro  babe  a i  great  care, 

5?o>  feare  tbat  calamity  fall  to  tbpwsre  * 
iDnc  of  mopall  blow  fo  in  Banger  moft  greati 
anofojttmcfoficiilc  not  keeping  her  feat; 

2Lbc  1  nftv mf  enoettj  tbrfr  balour  to  trp, 

Ano  bopetb  againft  uo  to  babe  bittojp. 

May. 

In  Ma  v  toe  map  hope  to  babe  peace  fo;  a  fobfic 
13ut  tumulto  nnouproarco  our  hopes  totU  toegu 
feomc  great  one«  Celt,  02  fn  a  toouc  cafe, 
pioto,cnbp,anD  furpin  eberp  place : 

<a  pjfncipall&otiloicr 02  great  Officer,  _ 
tclill  be  in  great  oangf  r  ano  b;ceo  a 
fetrang  rumo20  toil  fright  us [wnjjfc? I1' 
jano  J  m  feme  ©iltjcno  toill  babe  too  hearts 

Shis  month  of  lun.  mo:ceff«rstomefo^(fc, 
to  ftb  fome  of  err  at  bonom  tio  not  no  ft  tuao 
IThtnao  trfft)  are  rnnnnbvo  almcft  out  ®f B 
mifcbf <le°  i°  tljaeatticDJacb  io  crucll  tat  . 

feao  ere  the  petitions  of^^^itFbTboir 

Hno  ftrong  ibiBcnccf  camft  r?nf 

jt  hr  ss<  tsare  in  action  b«ft  tobat  tbcp •  totUOl 

iXUue  it  toill  Difcobcr  as  it  totl.  Inlne* 


^49;  Wherein  is  related  all  the  chte/e  Qbfervanonc 

ing  rcHcifleJ  from  the  Works  of  a  worthy  Gentleman  and  SchoUar 
fumes,  as  ic  is  knowne  to  many  thoulands,  &c.  * 

Vet  doe  not  faint,  though  thou  haft  loft  much  blood 
The  Lord  will  ftanchchy  wounds  when  he  fees  good. 

fj  OD  Bonny  fwcec  Robin. 


July. 

JifMfi  fl?onf&  of  Jil v  fftc  Dog  aa/es  betrin 
'I  be  pera  that  tijCF  bite  not ,  fomtot&iA  nrh* 
-Mm  about  PuMrogt  notef  »*??«  rtFe“  W ; 

*  mtt>’  arc  1«e0»n  6  befog  mUetiStfa  ■ 

^{Sw^vsstssr- 

ssssssasass. s?a^- 

^  f  Ausull 

i  ♦  r°m  •^°'rc^nc  J&atfonstbfs  Au^uft  Ment 
&  irbtofomc  in  hashed  tptli  gtPefmall  content  *’ 

es  ereabatctjtngpjbtcp  mates  us  afrafo : 

R  Cicero anb  Ereafuren  cal  o  to  account, 
r-mim^Afcp»fucb  9  00  in  loeal^  »onnt 

ken.?.arc(i?f0<n 

ai  ft r«ngc  Apparitions  &cfccnciDitbourrves, 

.  Si-Ptr.nl).  r. 

-  ^n".8to,,fU,^°  «  atom 

^  uftalt  be  r.bobftt  «»pjro  butbe  cfatccs, 

V  y  uflomro  untiee effare  be  put  bourne. 

cl)  gooo  rrconcilfincnfmCountrrgano  Sotoltc: 

nlhu"  W*f»cr  fr  tfirrr  oUmc  Clhue , 

S’JJ °i:  0,1  ^crs  a  bipftrrous  tunc, 

nrifcth ,  .‘H^manH^hipfl  Drolimo 
-cnpcrctjnnts  ano  iparmers  it  Doth  confomio. 

-k,  .  t  Vlohrl 

t'!'r,b  flnHiTt  mrltrre in  fomo. 

»  »**«!  ral,cn  m  'bfo  Lano 

uftnt  rt>er  the  n  be, 

-DCobcrnmcnt  mo^na  iiunif  ft;ali  fee. 


3ttiet  fc?  W?  tfmc  toftl  nriettf. 

^nhth^/T' i bct  plec^  >  tomc  Content 
ana  thus  tte  lro:to  alters,  be raofc  n  i«  Uouirn 

i^occrfafnfp  here  on  tbc  earth  map  be  founD.  * 

-  , ,  November. 

‘W*  of  November  both  fratw 

Hno  fome  ^equcttratois  tbr ir  inff  orrertu  *  as* 

©rase  Wcl’o,*  mettetb  *4  tabefta ^ 
i  o i  gooa  of  our  ftmgoome,  ant  all  our  tpclfere! 
i^foftje  CtPtll  ipaidfratc  ^ugrcrpotb  peg 
foDotb  the  ^ontoirr  inhere goffrceiootie 
^omeCumutfs  marbapprn  amongft  the  3rwn» 

0rd  0oo  p:cferDe  Loudon  from  a  3$mtlnp. 

December. 

December  tiohi  temgrf h  the  jAcarc  to  an  cno . 

’  ^>sott  on  anr  l^crcfic  fttlBofb  contrno. 
jBotr  lamentable  arr  the  rrure  of  the  Pcre, 

—  ffm  bulrnt  ©pints  there  ftillarcgreutQcrc : 

tntparftalljntfrer  feme  Gundco  nolB  rapes, 
ustf)  being  DtfcoPereD  f hep  p;g3be  arrant  imapes 
pome  hopes  time  \otll  menu,  but  be thurt  hope  ana  fear# 

Let  us  p;apto  CoPtomcnothisfatalUifarc. 

OcnmrrcptojD  ?rfnsoffhec  lorporrape, 
cc  no  to:  cv»r  fmnr s  ovr o  onr  rouleo  To:  to  fape. 
hers  ftiilbep:cparco.bo\Drrf  (Tocsthr  r»earr, 
i?)  3utljoiirtbmPco  truelptbatSNsmco  Dap  tinware. 

FINIS. 


*\Q 


ENGLAND’S  MONTHLY  PREDICTIONS 


€ttglanbs  fWontljlp  Prebictions  for  tfjis  present  peare 
1649.  VWTfjerein  is  relateb  all  tlje  cfjiefe  <gbsetba= 
tlons  anb  Seclbents  tfjat  toill  happen  tfjis  pear  In  tlje 
iungbome:  Seeing  collecteb  from  t{je  Morfes  of  a 
toortfjp  (gentleman  anb  ^cfjollar,  totjo  is  tlje  prime 
Sstrologian  of  our  Ration  at  tfjese  times,  as  it  is 
fenohme  to  manp  Hjousanbs,  &c. 

England  repent ,  and  call  to  God  for  Grace , 

T hy  Bell  doth  T oil ,  Death  stares  thee  in  thy  face , 
Yet  doe  not  faint ,  though  thou  hast  lost  much  blood , 
The  Lord  will  stanch  thy  wounds  when  he  sees  good. 

To  the  Tune  of  Faire  An  gel  l  of  England.  Or,  Bonny  sweet  Robin. 

1  Fair  England ,  the  Garden  of  Europe  was  call’d 
Who  once  had  her  freedom,  but  now  she’s  inthral’d, 
Her  woes  and  her  sorrows  they  now  doe  begin, 

And  Heaven  is  angry  with  us  for  our  sin.1 

2  Great  Schollers  and  Arts-men  this  year  doth  presage, 
Strange  things  there  shall  happen  in  this  same  sad 

age, 

Let  all  men  take  warning  and  unto  God  pray; 

Then  listen  and  hear  what  the  learned  doth  say. 

Ianuary. 

3  Now  sad  January  beginneth  the  year, 

Cedars  shall  be  shaken;  great  men  fill’d  with  fear, 
Now  Scotland  and  England  they  both  will  aspire 
And  Taxing  Receivers  be  payed  their  hire: 

1  No  period. 


215 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


4  Bad  actions  of  Officers  now  come  to  light, 

Both  Country  and  City  sees  they  did  not  right, 

If  men  in  authoritie  justly  did  deal, 

Sweet  peace  would  ensue  unto  this  Common-weal. 

February. 

5  And  now  February  strange  things  it  will  shew, 

It  promiseth  blood-shed  with  sorrow  and  woe, 

Some  headed,  some  hanged  and  some  to  death  shot, 
And  Noblemens  Honours  be  almost  forgot: 

6  Now  sorrow  aboundeth  in  every  place, 

And  thus  is  poor  England  in  pittifull  case, 

For  now  amongst  most  men  there  is  no  true-love, 
And  West-wards  or  South-west  the  Army  will  move. 

March. 

7  Then  March  comes  in  blustring,  roaring  aloud, 
Great  men  from  his  furie  and  wrath  cannot  shroud, 
Much  strife  in  Religion  among  us  is  bred, 

And  some  will  be  shorter  this  Month  by  the  Head. 

8  JTis  doubted  an  Army  comes  from  the  North-East, 
The  which  unto  England  will  be  a  bold  guest; 
When  Easter-day  sitteth  in  Lady-dayes  lap, 

The  Proverbe  bids  England  beware  of  a  clap. 

A  prill. 

9  This  Aprill  now  weepeth  on  Earth  for  her  sin. 

And  now  restlesse  spirits  new  quarrells  begin, 
Eondon  look  about  thee  and  have  a  great  care, 

For  feare  that  calamity  fall  to  thy  share: 

216 


ENGLAND’S  MONTHLY  PREDICTIONS 


10  One  of  Royall  blood  is  in  danger  most  great, 

And  fortune  is  fickle  not  keeping  her  seat; 

The  Irish  intendeth  their  valour  to  try, 

And  hopeth  against  us  to  have  victory. 

May . 

11  In  May  we  may  hope  to  have  Peace  for  a  while 
But  tumults  and  uproares  our  hopes  will  beguile, 
Some  great  ones  sick,  or  in  a  worse  case, 

Plots,  envy,  and  fury  in  every  place : 

12  A  principall  Souldier  or  great  Officer, 

Will  be  in  great  danger  and  breed  a  demur, 

Strang  rumors  wil  fright  us  from  the  Northren  parts. 
And  I  doe  feare  Citizens  will  have  sad  hearts. 

June. 

13  This  Month  of  June  more  effects  come  to  passe, 
With  some  of  great  honour  tis  not  as  it  was, 

Things  fresh  are  remembred  almost  out  of  date: 
And  mischeifes  is  threatned,  such  is  cruell  fate : 

14  Sad  are  the  Petitions  of  Rich  and  of  Poore. 

And  strong  evidence  against  some  will  be  bore, 

The  Scots  are  in  action,  but  what  they  will  doe 
Time  it  will  discover  as  it  will  insue. 

July. 

15  In  this  Month  of  July  the  Dog-daies  begin, 

Take  heed  that  they  bite  not,  for  now  they  do  grin; 
Debates  about  Priviledge  now  they  are  rife, 

And  many  are  questiond  being  Authors  of  strife: 

217 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


16  Some  Scotch  Insurrections  againe  will  appeare, 

And  yet  it  is  hoped  they  will  not  come  neare : 

And  Denmarke  likewise  they  do  threaten  us  sore, 
The  Heavens  with  thunder  this  Month  they  will 

roare. 

August .2 

17  Newes  from  Forreigne  Nations  this  August  is  sent,3 
Which  to  some  in  England  will  give  small  content. 
The  Clergy  now  stirreth,  divisions  now  made, 
Designes  are  a  hatching  which  makes  us  afraid: 

18  Receivers  and  Treasurers  cal’d  to  account, 

That  have  bought  such  Lordships,  &  do  in  wealth 
mount, 

Miraculous  Tokens  are  spred  in  the  Skyes, 

And  strange  Apparitions  be  seene  with  our  eyes.4 

September. 

19  September  now  tells  us  Tyrannicall  Lawes 
They  shall  be  abolisht,  and  par’d  by  the  clawes, 
And  Customes  unnecessary  be  put  downe, 

With  good  reconcilement  in  Countrey  and  Towne: 

20  The  Scots  are  at  variance  in  their  owne  Clime, 

And  now  on  the  Seas  is  a  boysterous  time, 

Great  Tempests  ariseth,  and  many  Ships  drownd, 
Both  Merchants  and  Mariners  it  doth  confound. 

October. 

21  October  now  taketh  strange  matters  in  hand, 

A  great  alteration  will  be  in  this  Land 

"  No  period.  3  Text  issent.  4  Comma. 

2l8 


ENGLAND’S  MONTHLY  PREDICTIONS 


New  Lawes  be  establish*:,  what  ever  they  be, 

New  Government  molded,  as  many  shall  see. 

22  Varieties  many  this  time  will  present. 

There’s  some  will  be  pleas’d,  and  some  discontent, 
And  thus  the  world  alters,  because  it  is  Round, 

No  certainty  here  on  the  earth  may  be  found. 

N  ovember. 

23  Some  blood-shed  this  Month  of  November 

doth  crave, 

And  some  Sequestrators  their  just  deserts  have, 
Grave  Councellors  meeteth  and  taketh  a  care, 

For  good  of  our  Kingdome,  and  all  our  welfare. 

24  Now  the  Civill  Maiestrate  Iustice  doth  doe, 

And  so  doth  the  Souldier  where  Iustice  is  due, 

Some  Tumults  may  happen  amongst  the  Army, 

And  God  preserve  London  from  a  Mutiny. 

December. 

25  December  now  bringeth  the  Yeare  to  an  end, 
Sedition  and  Heresie  stil  doth  contend. 

Most  lamentable  are  the  cryes  of  the  Poore, 

Of  turbulent  Spirits  there  still  are  great  store: 

26  At  impartial!  Iustice  some  Grandees  now  raves, 

And  being  discovered  they  proove  arrant  Knaves. 
Some  hopes  time  will  mend,  but  betwixt  hope  and 

feare, 

Let  us  pray  to  God  to  mend  this  fatall  Yeare. 

219 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Then  mercy  Lord  Iesus  of  thee  we  do  crave, 
Who  for  our  sinnes  dyed  our  soules  for  to  save, 
Let’s  still  be  prepared,  how  ere  goes  the  Yeare, 
My  Authour  thinkes  truely  that  Doomes-day 
is  neare. 

jrmm. 


220 


0  brave  Oliver 

E.  548  (28).  Copied  in  Thomason’s  own  hand  on  four  quarto 
pages.  The  date  is  December,  1648,  immediately  after  the  army  under 
Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  occupied  London.  The  capitalization  at  the 
beginning  of  the  lines  has  been  normalized,  contractions  are  expanded, 
and  punctuation  is  supplied. 

The  ballad — which  has  no  title — is  a  parody  of  the  ever-popular 
“Arthur  of  Bradley”  ( Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VII,  312  If.),  itself  often 
burlesqued  in  Civil-War  pamphlets.  The  present  ballad  is  referred  to 
in  Mercurius  Pragmaticus  for  September  5—12  and  December  19-26, 
1648:  “Oh  brave  Olliver ,  oh  stout  Olliver ,  oh  ever  refulgent  Nose;” 
“And  then  (as  the  new  Song  sayes)  Who  but  Oliver?  O  brave  Oliver! 
O  rare  Oliver!  Dainty  fine  Oliver,  O!”  Note  the  comment  in  the 
fourth  stanza  on  Oliver’s  nose,  and  cf.  the  notes  given  on  pp.  71—72, 
above.  Written  (as  its  title  indicates)  after  the  model  of  this  ballad  is 
“Private  Occurrences;  Or,  The  Transactions  of  the  Four  Last  Years, 
Written  in  Imitation  of  the  Old  Ballad  of  Heyy  brave  Oliver ,  Ho , 
brave  Oliver ,”  1688  (Wilkins,  Political  Ballads ,  I,  271;  Roxburghe 
Ballads ,  VIII,  760). 


221 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


[0  JSrabe  ©liber.] 

1  The  army  is  come  vp,  hay  hoe, 

The  army  is  come  vp,  hay  hoe ! 

to  London  it  is  brought, 
and  who  would  haue  thought 
It  euer  would  haue  proued  soe? 
for  the  indipendants 
ar  superindendants1 
Ouer  kingdome  and  Cyty  also. 

Then  O  fine  Olliver ,  O  hraue ,  O  rare  Olliver ,  O, 
Dainty  Olliver ,  O  gallant  Olliver ,  01 

2  There  quarters  ar  here,  what  then*? 

Ther  quarters  ar  here,  what  then? 

you  shall  be  my  Judge, 
you  may  see  on  the  brige 
The  quarters  of  honester  men ; 
and  roome  they  can  spare 
for  Sir  Thomas2  there, 

For  Lilborne3  and  Ireton,4  to. 

A  roome  for  Olliver ,  O  fine  Olliver ,  &c. 

3  For  Olliver  is  all  in  all, 

For  Olliuer  is  all  in  all, 

and  Olliuer  is  here, 
and  Olliuer  is  there, 

And  Olliuer  is  at  Whitehall. 

And  Olliuer  notes  all, 
and  Olliuer  voats  all, 

And  claps  his  hand  vpon  his  bilboe. 

Then  O  fine  Olliver ,  O  hraue  Olliuer ,  &c. 

1  Sic.  2  Fairfax. 

8  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  Lilburne  (f  1657),  the  fiery  political  agitator. 

4  Henry  Ireton  (1611  —  1651),  regicide. 


222 


O  BRAVE  OLIVER 


4  Now  Olliuer  must  be  he, 

Now  Olliuer  must  be  he, 

for  Olliuer’s  nose 
is  the  Lancaster  rose, 

And  thence  comes  his  souerainety. 

For  Olliuer  teaches, 
and  Olliuer  preaches, 

And  prayeth  vpon  his  tip-toe. 

Then  O  fine  Olliuer ,  O  rare  Olliuer ,  &c. 

5  You  shall  haue  a  Kinge,  but  whome4? 

You  shall  haue  a  Kinge,  but  whome4? 

That  you  cannot  tell, 
nor  neuer  shall  well 
Perhaps  to  the  day  of  doome; 
for  good  Sir  Thomas 
great  matters  did  promise. 

Was  euer  Kinge  serued  soe4? — 

T o  make  roome  for  Olliuer ,  O  fine  Olliuer ,  0. 

6  But  doe  you  not  heare4?  what  news4? 

But  doe  you  not  heare4?  what  news4? 

The  Prince  they  say 
will  come  thys  way, 

And  the  Scots  will  him  not  refuse. 

I  wish  he  may5  enter 
this  Land  to  the  Center, 

And  winne  it,  and  giue  a  right  blow. 

Then  O  base  Olliuer ,  O  s -  Olliuer ,  O, 

Stinking  Olliuer ,  O  Tray  ter  Olliuer ,  O, 
Damned  Olliuer ,  01 


6  MS.  my. 


223 


27 

The  honest  man! s  imaginary  dreams 

Manchester,  II,  42,  B.  L.,  two  columns,  two  woodcuts.  The  entire 
second  part  of  the  ballad  (half  of  the  sheet)  is  torn  away.  It  was 
printed  about  1648. 

Here  a  Royalist,  under  the  pretence  of  describing  a  dream,  reveals 
his  discontent  with  the  deposition  of  the  King  and  with  the  govern¬ 
ment  set  up  by  Parliament.  The  ballad  gives  a  vivid  picture  of  the 
typical  Royalist  attitude.  Perhaps  still  bolder  views  were  expressed 
in  the  lost  second  part. 

For  the  ballad  from  which  the  tune  of  Honour  invites  you  to  de¬ 
lights  is  derived,  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  327. 


224 


THE  HONEST  MAN’S  IMAGINARY  DREAMS 


tEIje  hottest  iKlatts  itnmagmaty  JireameS: 

Sub  IjiS  goob  toisfjcs  for  tfje  prosperity, 

<©f  tfje  anb  ijtS  posterity. 

To  the  Tune  of,  Honour  Invites ,  &c . 

1  You  that  desire  for  to  be  inriched 

who  by  a  new  fashion  have  long  been  made  poore 
By  them  who  perhaps  have  hedged  and  ditched, 
or  begg’d  a  meales  meate  at  your  fathers  doore 
Come  listen  a  while  and  I  shall  you  tell, 

I  dreamed  last  night  that  all  would  be  well. 
Then  come  amaine , 

You  that  would  faine 

See  England  now  in  her  glory  againe. 

2  I  dreamed  likewise  all  men  would  be  willing, 

the  King  once  more  should  governe  and  reigne, 
Love  one  another  and  give  over  killing: 

and  people  injoy  their  freedome  againe, 

The  souldier  returne  to  his  former  life, 

the  Kingdom  quiet  and  free  from  all  strife, 

Then  come  amaine , 

You  that  would  fain 

See  England  now  in  her  glory  againe. 

3  [I  dr] earned  that  Conscience  was  now  returned, 

and  all  things  in  matters  of  State  was  well : 

I  dreamed  that  men  at  dis-loyalty  spurned, 
and  there  was  none  that  would  rebell, 

Now  when  I  awaked  I  wisht  it  were  so, 

that  so  we  might  have  some  end  of  our  woe, 
Then  come  amaine ,  SSc. 

225 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


4  I  dreamed  there  was  no  need  of  Committee, 

Promoters  or  Messengers  of  State, 

But  such  who  of  poore  men  will  take  pitty, 
who  have  bin  made  unfortunate : 

I  marry  sir,  that  would  be  gallant  indeed, 

If  from  our  troubles  we  thus  were  freed. 
Then  come  amaine 
You  that  would  faine ,  &c. 

5  I  dreamed  there  was  no  need  of  Excise  men, 

the  War  being  done  and  the  souldier  paid: 
I  dreamed  all  men  in  the  land  were  wise  men, 
And  CHARLES  our  noble  King  obey’d. 

I  wisht  it  were  so,  when  I  did  awake, 
then  unto  the  people  I  thus  spake, 

Come  come  amaine ,  &c. 

6  I  dreamed  that  peace  and  pitty  came  banded, 

ushered  in  by  happy  fate; 

After  the  Army  was  disbanded, 
a  little  before  it  was  too  late, 

Me  thought  it  was  a  happy  sight, 
to  see  each  man  injoy  his  right. 

Then  come  amaine , 

You  that  would  faine , 

See  England  nozu  in  her  glory  o.gaine. 


226 


28 

The  Kings  last  farewell 

669.  f.  13  (77).  There  is  another  copy  in  the  Earl  of  Crawford’s 
collection  ( Catalogue  of  English  Ballads ,  No.  1180),  Roman  letter, 
three  columns,  three  woodcuts.  Blocks  at  the  top  of  the  sheet  represent 
the  arms  of  England,  Scotland,  Wales,  and  France. 

Licensed  by  Parliament’s  official,  Theodore  Jennings,  this  broad¬ 
side  presents  the  strict  Puritan’s  attitude  towards  the  executed  King, 
and  was  no  doubt  intended  to  make  that  attitude  more  popular.  It 
is  noteworthy  that  the  sheet,  written  in  “good-night”  form,  treats  the 
King  with  considerable  deference.  He  is  made  to  lament  his  offenses, 
to  protest  that  if  longer  life  were  to  be  granted  he  should  spend  it  in 
repentance  for  his  sins,  and  to  warn  other  sinners  by  his  lot.  Francis 
Grove  registered  a  ballad  called  “the  kings  last  farwell  to  the  world, 
&c”  on  February  1,  1649  (Eyre’s  Transcript,  I,  309),  which  was 
evidently  a  reprint  of  the  present  sheet.  Probably  no  other  ballads 
dealing  with  the  execution  were  licensed,  so  that  the  printer  Ibbitson 
was  perforce  content  with  this  rather  colorless  work,  which  appeared 
on  the  next  day  after  the  death  of  the  King.  For  various  broadsides 
on  the  execution  see  Robert  Lemon’s  Catalogue  of  a  Collection  of 
Printed  Broadsides  in  the  Possession  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
London ,  Nos.  509  ff.,  the  British  Museum  Catalogue,  and  Corser’s  Col¬ 
lectanea  Anglo-Poetic  a,  II,  309  ff.  A  rare  pamphlet  on  this  subject, 
His  Majesties  Speech  On  the  Scaffold  at  Whitehall  (1649),  is  pre¬ 
served  at  Harvard  in  the  Gay  Collection  (648.618). 


227 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


m )Z  Hast  farebbell  to  tfje  Motto,  €>& 

3Seafc  Utotng  iHlebttatton^,  at 

tfje  approach  of  ®eatf)  benounceb  agatnstt  Utm. 

1  Through  fear  of  sharpe  and  bitter  paine, 

by  cutting  off  my  dayes, 

No  pleasure  in  my  Crown  I  take, 

Nor  in  my  Royall  Rayes. 

I  shall  discend  with  grieved  heart, 

(for  none  my  life  can  save) 

Unto  the  dismall  gates  of  death, 
to  moulder  in  the  Grave. 

2  Farewell  my  Wife,  and  Children  all, 

wipe  off  my  brinish  teares. 

I  am  deprived  of  my  Throne, 
and  from  my  future  years. 

Farewell  my  people  every  one, 
for  I  no  more  shall  see 
The  wonders  of  the  Lord  on  earth, 
nor  with  you  shall  I  bee. 

3  Mine  eyes  doe  fade,  and  to  the  earth 

to  worms  I  must  be  hurl’d: 

Henceforth  no  more  shall  I  behold 
the  people  of  the  world. 

My  Crown  and  Scepter  I  must  leave, 
my  glory,  and  my  Throne: 

Adieu  my  fellow  Princes  all, 

I  from  the  earth  am  gone. 

4  Mine  Age  (which  did  approach  to  me) 

departed  is  away; 

228 


THE  KING’S  LAST  FAREWELL 


And  as  a  Shepheards  tent  remov’d, 
and  I  return’d  to  clay; 

And  as  a  Weaver  doth  cut  off 
his  thrum,  even  so  my  life, 

Must  be  cut  off,  from  people  and 
from  Children,  and  from  Wife. 

5  In  sighes  by  day,  and  groanes  by  night 

with  bitternesse  I  moane, 

And  doe  consume  away  with  grief, 
my  end  to  think  upon. 

Fear  in  the  morning  me  assailes, 

Death  Lion-like  I  see, 

Even  all  the  day  (till  night)  to  roare 
to  make  an  end  of  me. 

6  I  chattered  as  the  schreeking  Crane, 

or  Swallow  that  doth  flye : 

As  Dove  forlorn,  in  pensivenesse, 
doth  mourn,  even  so  doe  I, 

I  looked  up  to  thee,  O  Lord, 
but  now  mine  eyes  doe  fade. 

Oh  ease  my  sad  oppressed  soule, 
for  death  doth  now  prevaile. 

7  What  shall  I  say,  to  Gods  Decree, 

if  he  would  speak,  I  then 
should  live ;  it  is  a  work  for  God, 

I  find  no  help  from  men. 

Yet  if  my  life  prolonged  was, 
my  sins  for  to  repent, 

Then  softly  I  would  goe  and  mourn, 
untill  my  life  was  spent. 

229 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


8  And  all  my  years,  that  I  should  live, 

for  mine  offences  foule, 

I  would  passe  o’ re  in  bitternesse, 
of  my  distressed  soule. 

O  Lord,  thou  hast  discovered 
to  me,  that  by  these  things 
Men  live;  Through  thee,  Princes  do  Reign, 
thou  swayest  over  Kings. 

9  In  all  things  here  Gods  Providence, 

and  will  alone  commands, 

The  life  of  my  poore  spirit  sad, 
is  only  in  his  hands, 

Oh,  that  the  Lord  would  me  restore. 

my  strength  then  I  would  give, 

To  serve  my  God  in  humblenesse 
whilst  he  would  let  me  live. 

10  Behold,  O  Lord,  when  I  in  peace, 

did  look  to  be  restor’d, 

Then  was  my  soule  in  bitternesse, 
cast  off,  and  I  abhor’d, 

Yet  in  the  love  of  God  most  good, 
his  righteousnesse  most  just 
Hath  throwne  me  downe  into  the  pit, 
and  to  corrupted  dust, 

1 1  Because  that  I  have  gone  astray, 

and  cherisht  war  and  strife, 

My  dayes  are  now  cut  off,  and  I 
am  quite  bereft  of  life, 

Oh  cast  my  sins  behind  thy  backe, 
good  God,  I  humbly  pray, 

230 


THE  KING’S  LAST  FAREWELL 


And  my  offences  with  the  blood 
of  Christ  wash  clean  away. 

1 2  When  my  dead  body  is  interd, 

I  cannot  praise  thee  there, 

Death  cannot  celebrate  the  Lord, 
my  God,  most  good,  most  deare ; 
They  that  go  down  into  the  pit 
destructions  them  devoure: 

For  in  thy  truth  they  cannot  hope, 
but  perish  by  thy  power. 

13  The  living,  Lord,  the  living,  they 

shall  praise  thy  holy  name. 

With  all  the  glorious  hoast  above, 
and  I  shall  do  the  same, 

The  father  to  his  children  here, 
that  are  of  tender  youth, 

Shall  them  forewarn,  and  unto  them 
make  known  thy  glorious  truth. 

14  Forgive  my  sins,  and  save  my  soule 

O  Lord,  I  thee  intreate, 

And  blot  out  mine  offences  all, 
for  they  are  very  great: 

Receive  my  soule  for  Christ  his  sake, 
my  Prophet,  Priest,  and  King, 
That  I  with  Saints  and  Angells  may 
eternall  prayses  sing. 

38  Isay.  Imprimatur.  T.  T.  Tan.  31.  1648. 

LONDON 

Printed  for  Robert  Ibbitson  164-8. 

231 


29 

King  Charles’s  speech 

Manchester,  II,  54,  B.  L.,  two  columns,  one  woodcut. 

Only  half  of  the  sheet  is  preserved,  the  entire  second  part  being 
torn  off.  This  is  most  unfortunate,  for  the  ballad  is  a  valuable 
historical  document,  perhaps  the  work  of  an  onlooker  at  the  execution. 
His  loyalty  to  the  King  is  beyond  question,  and  is  reflected  in  the 
very  favorable  speech  he  puts  into  the  mouth  of  the  royal  victim. 
Of  Charles’s  actions  at  the  scaffold,  however,  even  his  political 
enemies  admitted  that  “he  nothing  common  did  or  mean  upon  that 
memorable  scene.”  The  ballad  has  been  reprinted  among  some  of 
Ebsworth’s  voluminous  notes  in  the  Roxburgh e  Ballads ,  VIII,  Pt.  I,  xc. 
It  could  hardly  be  omitted  in  a  collection  of  Commonwealth  ballads, 
especially  when  so  many  other  ballads  from  the  Manchester  Collection 
are  included.  Few  contemporary  ballads  on  the  execution  of  the  King 
escaped  the  ravages  of  censorship  (cf.  pp.  47  f.).  After  the  Restoration 
a  number  were  written,  several  of  which  are  in  “good-night”  style 
and  purport  to  be  the  work  of  eye-witnesses. 

There  are  numerous  accounts  of  miracles  that  grew  out  of  Charles’s 
death.  For  example,  in  July,  1649,  a  blind  maiden  at  Deptford  by 
“making  use  of  a  Handkircher  dipped  in  the  Kings  blood  .  .  .  re¬ 
covered  of  her  sight.”  To  the  pamphlet  that  prints  this  story  (E. 
563  (2)),  George  Thomason  added  a  MS.  note:  “This  is  very  true.” 
In  his  Natura  Prodigiorum ,  1660,  pp.  17—18,  John  Gadbury  re¬ 
marked:  “The  very  yeer  in  which  Chavis  late  King  of  England  was 
beheaded ,  it  was  generally  (I  will  not,  I  cannot  say  truly)  reported , 
that  he ,  without  his  head ,  was  seen  to  hover  in  the  A  ir  over  W hite- 
hall  (the  place  where  he  was  beheaded)  many  nights  together .  Nay, 
I  have  heard  some  affirm,  T hat  he  was  seen  (sometimes)  with  his 
George  upon  his  breast ,  in  the  manner  and  form  as  he  wore  it,  when 
he  came  on  the  Scaffold.”  Perhaps  it  was  such  reports  as  these  that 
made  David  Copperfield’s  friend,  Mr.  Dick,  worry  about  Charles  I’s 
head!  For  the  tune  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  174. 

232 


KING  CHARLES’S  SPEECH 


iltng  J&ist  gbpeecf),  anb  last  JfatetoeU 

to  tije  ffilorlb,  mabc  upon  tfje  IkaKolb  at  <Klf)ite4jall= 
gate,  on  ®uesbap,  Ianuary  30. 1648. 

To  the  Tune  of,  Weladay. 

1  Faire  Englands  joy  is  fled, 

Weladay ,  weladay , 

Our  Noble  King  is  dead, 

Sweet  Prince  of  love ; 

This  heavy  news  so  bad, 

Hath  made  three  Kingdoms  sad, 

No  comfort  to  be  had, 

But  from  above.1 

2  On  Tuesday  last  his  Grace,2 

Che ar fully ,  cher fully, 

Went  to  his  dying  place, 
to  end  all  strife, 

Where  many  a  weeping  eye 
With  groans  unto  the  skie, 

To  see  his  Majesty 
there  end  his  life. 

3  His  Foes  he  did  forgive, 

Graciously,  graciously. 

And  wisht  we  all  might  live 
in  quiet  peace. 

He  wisht  what  ere  was  past, 

That  he  might  be  the  last, 

No  sorrow  we  might  taste, 
but  wars  might  cease. 

1  Comma.  2  Period. 

233 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


4  Theres  nothing  griev’d  him  so, 

W  el  ad  ay ,  weladay , 

As  when  he  thought  that  woe 
might  light  on  all. 

The  tears  stood  in  his  eyes 
To  heare  the  peoples  cries, 

And  think  what  miscarries 
on  us  should  fall. 

5  Upon  the  Scaffold  then, 

Weladay ,  weladay , 

In  hearing  of  all  men 
this  he  made  knowne, 

That  Hee  was  innocent 
of  all  the  blood  was  spent, 

He  strove  with  Parliament 
but  for  his  owne. 

6  Quoth  he,  themselves  confest, 

W el  ad  ay ,  weladay. 

And  thus  much  have  exp  rest 
in  mine  owne  hearing, 

The  Militia  in  mine  hand 
was  granted  by  the  land 
To  be  at  my  command, 
none  with  me  sharing. 

7  The  keeping  of  the  same, 

Weladay ,  weladay ,3 
I  know  not  who  to  blame, 
they  did  desire. 


*  Text  tvelady. 


234 


KING  CHARLES’S  SPEECH 


Which  made  us  disagree, 
The  fault’s  now  laid  on  me, 
This  all  the  world  may  see 
set  all  on  fire. 


235 


3° 

The  weeping  widow 

Manchester,  II,  20,  B.  L.,  two  columns,  one  woodcut.  Only  half 
of  this  ballad  is  preserved — the  entire  second  part  being  torn  away — 
and  even  that  is  mutilated.  The  main  title  of  the  ballad  is  almost 
clipped  off,  and  several  lines  are  torn  from  the  bottom  of  the  sheet. 
These  deficiences  in  the  text  are  indicated  below  by  square  brackets 
and  dots. 

The  woodcut  shows  a  hand  from  the  clouds  offering  a  letter  in¬ 
scribed  with  several  lines  (or  perhaps  a  book)  to  a  woman  dressed  in 
heavy  mourning  weeds.  The  face  of  the  woman  is  torn  off  the  Man¬ 
chester  ballad  but  can  be  seen  in  the  reproduction  of  the  woodcut 
(taken  from  another  and  a  later  source)  in  Ebsworth’s  Roxburgh e 
Ballads ,  VII,  628.  Ebsworth  (p.  632)  identifies  the  mourning 
woman  as  the  Princess  Elizabeth  (fl650)  and  states  that  the  hand  is 
presenting  to  the  Princess  “her  father’s  bequest,  viz,,  his  book  entitled, 
‘Ikon  Basilike’”;  but  certainly  on  the  present  sheet  the  woodcut  is 
intended  to  represent  Queen  Henrietta  Maria,  who  in  the  verses  that 
follow  it  bewails  the  murder  of  her  royal  husband  and  sends  a  letter 
to  Prince  Charles.  Without  any  question,  the  ballad  was  printed 
shortly  after  the  execution.  Its  reproduction,  therefore,  in  spite  of 
the  lamentable  mutilation,  seems  desirable.  The  “motto”  following 
the  title  is  a  device  that  I  do  not  recall  having  seen  elsewhere  on  so 
early  a  ballad. 

The  tune,  usually  called  Gerhard’s  Mistress ,  gets  its  name  from 
“The  Love-Sick  Maid;  Or,  Cordelia’s  Lamentation  for  the  absence  of 
her  Gerhard.  To  a  pleasant  new  tune”  ( Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VI, 
563),  the  earliest  registration  of  which  was  made  on  March  12,  1656 
(Eyre’s  Transcri-pty  II,  35).  To  this  same  tune  somebody  wrote  “The 
King’s  Last  Speech  At  his  time  of  Execution,  as  he  made  upon  the 
Scaffold,  a  little  before  his  Death,”  beginning  “I  Come,  My  blessed 
Saviour,  now  behold  I  come.”  The  copy,  said  to  be  unique,  reprinted 
in  the  Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VII,  625,  is  of  a  considerably  later  date 

236 


THE  WEEPING  WIDOW 


than  the  death  of  the  King;  but  that  actually  it  did  appear  in  1649 
seems  probable  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Henrietta  Maria’s  lament  to 
the  tune  of  Gerhard  was  printed  in  1649  and  has  survived  in  this 
single  copy.  Needless  to  say,  “The  Weeping  Widow”  must  have 
been  printed  surreptitiously.  Especially  interesting  is  the  sneer  in 
stanza  3  at  the  “barbarous-minded  Scots.” 


237 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

W)t  Weeping  Wtbboto. 

Or,  Wqt  gorrotofuU  HabteS  Hettec  to  tier  belobeb  Cfjilbcen, 
mixt  toitf)  Reapers!  anb  tfearefi;  fflitfj  a  S>ab  expression 
tonterning  ttje  botonfall  of  ter  tfjrtce  JXenotameb  ijuisbanb. 
Motto.  Unto  tfjc  Cfjtlbcen  of  mp  beare  Affection, 
©either  tljis  attorbing  to  birettion. 

To  the  tune  of,  Gerhard. 

1  You  Noble 

Lady  Muses  just  in  number  nine, 

Of  power  divine, 

Assist  a  Mournfull  Woman  to  Indite 

Melpomeny 

is  knowne  to  have  the  chiefest  Skill, 

Lend  me  thy  Quill 

and  guide  my  trembling  hand  whereby  to  write 
A  Letter 

to  mine  owne  sweet  Children, 

Wheresoever  that  they  be. 

Dispierced1  farre 
From  me  they  are, 
whom  I  shall  never  see: 

In  mid’st 

of  Sorrow,  Griefe,  and  Anguish, 

These  Lines  which  here  are  pen’d, 

To  shew  the  care, 

And  love  I  beare, 

I  thus  my  greeting  send. 

2  I  am 

the  wofull  Widow  drown’d  in  deep  despaire, 

1  Text  apparently  dispierced.  The  word  is,  of  course,  dispersed. 

238 


THE  WEEPING  WIDOW 


This  is  my  share, 

never  was  womans  Grief  so  great  as  mine : 

A  Husband 

once  I  had  which  loved  me  full  deare, 

Many  a  faire  yeare, 

whose  sad  untimely  death  makes  me  repine: 
For  whiFst 

that  my  good  Husband  lived, 

No  Potent2  under  Sun 
Trod  such  a  Race, 

For  time  and  place,3 
as  he  himselfe  hath  run. 

But  by 

his  Death  I  am  made  Widow, 

My  Children  Fatherlesse, 

Wherefore  I  shall 
Unto  them  all 
[A  letter  now  address.] 

3  First  to 

my  Eldest  Son  most  Nobly  borne  and  bred 
Marke  what  is  said, 

I  you  advise  to  take  heed  whom  you  trust, 
Beware 

of  Jews  &  T urks ,  &  Barbarous  minded  Scots , 
Whose  bloody  Plots 

have  cast  your  Fathers  fortunes  in  the  dust. 
Let  no 

deceitfull  tongue  insnare  you, 

Think  on  your  Fathers  fall, 


2  /.<?.,  Potentate. 

3  T ext  p[] ace. 


239 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Whose  heart  so  kind, 

By  proofes  I  find, 
hath  quite  undone  us  all. 

Regard 

your  Brothers  and  your  Sisters, 

And  all  your  faithfull  Friends, 

Beware  of  those 

r 

That  faune  and  glose 
onely  for  their  owne  ends. 

And  if 

the  power  of  Heaven  your  fortunes  doth 
advance, 

That  ’tis  your  chance 
for  to  enjoy  what  is  your  owne  by  right 
Shew  kindnesse 

and  forgive  your  unkind  Enemies, 

Which  against  you  rise, 
and  strives  to  overcome  you  by  their  migh[t. 
Doe  good 

for  evill  I  doe  intreat  you, 

Gods  Word  doth  will  you  so, 

So  shall  you  be 
From  scandalls  free, 
where  e’re  you  come  or  goe; 

Consider 

these  your  Mothers  Sayings, 

and  lay  them  close  to  heart, 

And  surely  then  .  .  . 


240 


3 1 


Manchester,  II,  43,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  two  woodcuts. 

This  ballad — like  No.  28 — bears  the  rare  imprimatur  of  Theodore 
Jennings,  who  had  been  appointed  licenser  of  the  press  in  1649.  As 
is  commonly  true  of  “hanging  ballads,”  the  author  openly  sympa¬ 
thized  with  the  gentlemen,  though  he  speaks  in  tones  of  proper 
horror  of  their  conspiracy  against  the  Parliament.  The  five  Royalist 
gentlemen  were  implicated  in  the  so-called  Second  Civil  War,  which 
was  brought  to  disaster  by  Fairfax’s  capture  of  Colchester  in  July, 
1648.  Henry  Rich,  Earl  of  Holland,  was  taken  prisoner  on  the  field 
near  Kingston  early  in  July,  1648;  James  Hamilton,  Duke  of  Hamilton 
and  Earl  of  Cambridge,  led  a  Scottish  invasion  into  England  in  August, 
and  was  defeated  by  Cromwell  at  the  battle  of  Preston.  Soon  after,  he 
surrendered  himself  to  Cromwell.  Similar  fates  overtook  Sir  John 
Owen,  Royalist  colonel,  Arthur,  Lord  Capel  of  Hadham,  and  George 
Goring,  Earl  of  Norwich.  In  November,  the  five  were  sentenced  by 
Parliament  to  banishment.  The  army,  however,  determined  on  more 
severe  punishment,  and  called  a  high  court  of  justice  on  February  3. 
Proceedings  were  begun  on  February  10,  and  all  five  were  condemned 
to  death  on  March  6.  Owen  and  Goring  were  reprieved  two  days 
later,  but  the  other  three  were  beheaded  on  March  9.  An  account 
of  the  execution  is  given  in  a  quarto  pamphlet  called  The  Several 
Speeches  of  Duke  Hamilton ,  Henry ,  Earl  of  Holland ,  and  Arthur , 
Lord  Capel  (1649).  The  “dying  speeches”  of  the  three  noblemen 
are  included  also  in  the  1661  edition  of  John  Reynolds’s  Triumphs  of 
God's  Revenge  against  Murder ;  and  rather  a  striking  elegy  on  Capel 
is  added  to  John  Quarles’s  Regale  Lectum  Miseriae  (1649).  On 
April  8,  Sir  Edward  Nicholas  wrote  to  the  Marquess  of  Ormonde 
(Thomas  Carre,  A  Collection  of  Original  Letters ,  1739,  I,  247): 

The  Duke  [of  Hamilton]  and  the  Earl  [of  Holland]  it  seems  died  in  their 
sin  of  rebellion  against  the  King,  according  to  the  Scots  damnable  Covenant, 

241 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


without  demanding  (openly)  pardon  of  God  for  it,  or  so  much  as  publicklv 
declaring  their  sense  or  sorrow  for  the  same.  But  the  truly  noble  Lord  Capell 
died  like  a  person  of  honour  and  much  courage,  as  a  good  Christian  and  true¬ 
hearted  Englishman,  being  much  lamented  by  all  worthy  men. 


The  ballad  is,  as  the  first  three  stanzas  indicate,  a  sort  of  bourgeois 
Mirror  for  Magistrates.  For  the  tune  see  No.  59. 


242 


THE  FATAL  FALL  OF  FIVE  GENTLEMEN 


®be  fatall  fall  of  ftbe  Gentlemen,  anti  tfjc  bcatf)  of 
tfjree  of  tijrm.  iHfjetoing  tljc  manner  of  tfjeir  crimes, 
tfjetr  falling  into  Relapse,  anti  tl)c  sentence  pro- 
nounceti  against  tfjctn  in  Westminster  Hall,  on 
CueSbap  March  6.  1648.  toljoSe  names  to  ere  as 

follotoetl). 

To  the  Tune  of,  In  Summer  time.  &c. 


1  You  that  in  England  once  bare  sway, 

expecting  no  mishap  to  come: 
Here  is  a  looking-glasse  wherein 
you  may  behold  the  fall  of  some1 

2  That  once  were  held  in  great  esteem, 

of  noble  birth  and  high  renowne,1 

1  Period. 


243 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


By  Fortunes  frown  and  fickle  wheele, 
are  from  their  dignities  cast  down. 

3  Their  names  and  titles  are  exprest, 

whereby  that  you  may  understand 
What  men  they  were,  and  what  great  sway, 
of  late  they  carryed  in  England. 

4  The  Earle  of  Cambridge  he  was  one 

a  noble  Scotch-man  born  and  bred, 

By  title  cal’d  Duke  Hambleton , 

which  was  adjudg’d  to  lose  his  head. 

5  The  Earl  of  Holland  he  also 

appointed  was  for  the  like  death, 

And  the  Lord  Goring  was  condemn’d 
by  th’  bloody  axe  to  lose  his  breath. 

6  Lord  Capell  bore  a  valiant  minde, 

as  is  to  Town  and  Country  known: 

Yet  through  miscarriage  in  his  wayes 
he  hath  his  fortunes  overthrown. 

7  With  Sir  John  Owen ,  a  Welsh-man  stout, 

as  ever  yet  drew  sword  in  field. 

These  five  had  sentence  past  on  them 
and  unto  death  were  forc’t  to  yeeld. 

8  The  sixt  day  of  the  month  of  March, 

they  were  condemned  all  to  dye : 

That  others  may  behold  with  fear, 

and  learn  to  mend  their  lives  thereby. 


244 


THE  FATAL  FALL  OF  FIVE  GENTLEMEN 
GTfje  geconb  part,  3To  tfje  game  l&une. 

9  These  men  heaven  knowes  once  little  thought 
that  ever  they  should  have  come  to  this, 

Tis  like  they  thought  twas  for  the  best, 
when  as  ’tis  sure  they  did  amisse. 

10  In  former  times  who  was  so  much 

set  by  as  brave  Duke  Hamilton , 

Beloved  in  City,  Town  and  Court, 
before  the  English  wars  begun. 

11  Or  who  was  greater  in  request, 

then  was  the  Earle  of  Holland  bold, 

He  was  in  favour  with  the  best 
and  liv’d  in  pleasures  manifold. 

12  His  tongue  seemed  an  Oracle 

his  words  with  some  became  a  law, 

And  no  man  durst  against  him  speake, 
the  people  were  so  kept  in  awe. 

13  And  this  ’tis  of  Lord  Goring  said, 

that  when  he  was  in  full  command, 

He  sided  with  the  Pattentees, 
which  was  a  burden  to  England. 

14  The  people  when  Lord  Capell  lived, 

for  charity  gave  him  good  report 
And  many  heavy  moane2  do  make 
that  he  should  dye  in  such  a  sort. 

3  Or  monne?  {Blurred.) 

245 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


15  As  for  the  valiant  Welch-man  he, 

was  one  that  never  betray’d  his  trust, 
But  to  his  former  principles 

tis  said  that  he  was  true  and  just. 

16  But  howsoever  it  came  to  passe, 

tis  sure  these  five  men  gave  consent 
Whereby  that  men  should  beare  up  armes 
for  to  affront  the  Parliament. 

17  Ring  leaders  they  were  proved  to  be, 

of  them  that  bred  the  latter  jars, 

In  Colchester  and  other  parts, 
whereby  to  raise  the  second  wars. 

18  For  these  and  other  such  like  faults 

three  of  them  lost  each  one  a  life, 

God  grant  the  death  of  these  three  men, 
may  make  an  end  of  all  the  strife. 


London  Printed  for  Fra.  Grove  on  Snow-hill.3 
Imprimatur  T.  J. 


*  No  period. 


246 


32 

The  royal  health  to  the  rising  sun 

Manchester,  I,  44,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  two  woodcuts. 

This  fine  Royalist  ballad  bears  the  initials  of  its  printer.  It  ap¬ 
peared  shortly  after  the  execution  of  Charles  I,  laments  that  the 
Scottish  thistle  has  choked  the  English  rose  and  put  out  of  tune  the 
Irish  harp,  and  predicts  that  “the  rising  sun”  of  Charles  II  will  soon 
appear  in  England  to  assuage  suffering  and  distress.  Beginning  in 
a  somewhat  veiled  manner,  in  the  final  stanzas  the  author  openly 
mentions  and  laments  the  two  Charleses.  One  line,  “The  Lamb 
shall  with  the  Lyon  feede,”  is  echoed  in  a  later  ballad  of  “A  New 
Prophecy”  (No.  74).  Another,  “Our  trading’s  spoiled  and  all  things 
dear,”  is  the  motif  of  No.  19.  The  tune  is  not  known. 


247 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

®Ije  &opall  %)talU)  to  tfje  Rising  g>un. 

To  the  tune  of,  O  my  fretty  little  winkings  &c. 


1  As  I  was  walking  forth  one  day, 

I  heard  distressed  people  say, 

Our  Peace  and  Plenty  now  is  gone, 
And  wee  poore  people  quite  undone: 
A  Royall  Health  I  then  begun1 2 
Unto  the  rising  of  the  Sun, 

Gallant  English  Spirits 
doe  not  thus  complaine , 

The  Sun  that  sets 

may  after  rise  againe.1 

2  The  Tempest  hath  indured  long, 

Wee  must  not  say,  wee  suffer  wrong, 

1  This  six-line  refrain  follows  every  stanza. 

248 


A  HEALTH  TO  THE  RISING  SUN 


The  Queene  of  Love2  sits  all  alone. 

No  man  is  Master  of  his  owne. 

3  We  over- whelmed  are  with  grief e, 

And  harbour  many  a3  private  Thiefe, 

Poore  House-keepers  can  hardly  live, 

Who  us’d  in  former  times  to  give : 

4  The  Thistle  choaks  the  Royal  Rose, 

And  al  our  bosome  friends  turn’d  foes, 

The  Irish  Harpe  is  out  of  tune, 

And  we  God  knowes  undon  too  soone. 

Cije  gttonb  $art,  to  tfje  gam e  tune. 

5  True  love  and  friendship  doth  now  decay, 
Poore  People’s  almost  starv’d  they  say, 

Our  Trading’s  spojd’d,  and  all  things  deare 
Wee  may  complaine,  and  ne’re  the  nearer 

6  Though  all  be  true  that  here  is  said, 

Kind  Countrey-men  be  not  dismaid, 

For  when  the  worst  of  harmes  is  past, 

We  shall  have  better  times  at  last. 

7  When  Rulers  cast  off  selfe-respects, 

Then  shall  our  Yoaks  fall  from  our  Necks, 
Our  safeties  shall  not  then  depend 

On  promise  of  a  Faithlesse  Friend: 

8  When  as  the  Cloud4  of  War  re  is  downe, 

The  Royall  Sun  enjoyes  the  Crowne, 

The  Lamb  shall  with  the  Lyon  feede, 
’Twill  be  a  happy  time  indeed: 

a  Henrietta  Maria.  8  Not  in  the  text.  4  Text  Clond. 

249 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


9  Let  us  cheare  up  each  other  then, 

And  shew  our  selves  true  English-men/’ 
And  not  like  bloody  Wolves  and  Beares, 
As  wee  have  bin  these  many  yeares. 

10  The  Father  of  our  Kingdom’s  dead, 

His  Royall  Sun  from  England' s  fled, 
God  send  all  well  that  Warrs  may  cease, 
And  wee  enjoy  a  happy  Peace; 

A  Royall  Health  I  then  begun 
Unto  the  rising6  of  the  Sun, 

Gallant  English  Spirits , 
doe  not  thus  complaine , 

The  Sun  that  sets 
may  after  rise  againe. 


London  Printed  for  H.  E.  1649. 


T ext  rissng. 


5  Text  English:  men. 


250 


33 

The  twelve  hrave  bells  of  Bow 

Manchester,  II,  14,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

T.  S.,  whatever  his  name,  was  a  very  bold  printer.  No  ballad  could 
ring  more  loyally  than  this  paean  on  Charles  II.  Writing  about 
1649 — not  long,  it  seems,  after  the  execution  of  Charles  I— the 
author  (who  reminds  one  of  Martin  Parker)  whole-heartedly  extols 
the  loyal  nobility  and  cheerfully  looks  forward  to  the  imminent 
downfall  of  the  Parliament  and  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.  Mean¬ 
time  he  is  willing  to  drown  his  sorrows  in  sack  and  sherry. 

There  are  still  twelve  brave  bells  in  the  Bow  Church  steeple,  although 
the  present  church  of  St.  Mary-le-Bow,  the  work  of  Sir  Christopher 
Wren,  was  begun  in  1671  and  finished  in  1687.  It  was  the  bells 
of  the  old  church  that,  according  to  the  famous  story,  called  Richard 
Whittington  back  to  London  to  be  three  times  Lord  Mayor,  For  some 
account  of  that  edifice  see  Wilberforce  Jenkinson’s  London  Churches 
Before  the  Great  Fire  (1917),  pp.  179—184.  For  a  ballad  “Upon 
the  Stately  Structure  Of  Bow-Church  and  Steeple,  Burnt,  An.  1666. 
Rebuilt,  1679”  see  Lord  Crawford’s  Catalogue  of  English  Ballads , 
No.  774. 

The  tune  is  new,  that  is,  written  for  (or  at  least  named  from) 
the  ballad  itself. 


o  C  1 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


®Ije  ttoelbe  brabe  jUelS  of  Bow: 

Skopall  crebo,  falttfj  anb  merrp, 
Slinking  fjealtljs  in  Shack  anb  SNjmp. 

To  the  tune  of,  The  twelve  brave  bels  of  Bow. 


1  Come  noble  hearts 

To  show  your  loyall  parts, 

lets  drink  a  lovely  cup  and  banish  care, 

Why  should  not  we 
Which  are  of  spirits  free 

Dround  grief  with  sack  and  cast  of  all  dispare, 
then  drink  your  fill 

See  how  the  lusty  hogs-heads  lyes  a  bleeding  still, 
What  care  I  how  full  is  my  glass 
Drink  it  up  quickly  and  let  the  health  pass 
see  thou  filst  it  up  to  the  brim. 

Quaffe  it  off  roundly  doe  you  drink  to  him 
but  pride  down  head-long  surely  must  fall, 
Though  most  in  presumption  abound. 

the  Lord  is  King  of  Kings  over  all : 

And  will  all  their  projects  confound. 

Then  drink  and  sing , 

God  bless e  the  true  Nobility,  the  twelve  bels  ring . 

2  The  Sun  in  the  Skyes 
Most  gloriously  doth  rise, 

and  spreds  his  glistering  beames  to  give  us  light, 
Jove  with  his  traine 
Supporteth  Charles’s  waine, 

although  the  dog-star  grin  and  sore  doe  bite, 

252 


THE  TWELVE  BRAVE  BELLS  OF  BOW 


Come  drink  your  fill, 

[See  ho]w  the  lusty  hogs-heads  lyes  a  bleeding  still, 
[Heaven  scourge  them]  with  Iron  rods 
Which  hords  up  their  money  &  makes  it  their  Gods 
Hang  those  muck-worms  which  doe  repine, 

(And  will  not  be  royall1)  they  ar  no  friends  of  mine 
When  as  the  Lyon:  in  England  is  plast, 
weel  think  no  more  of  the  plume, 

The  Royall  seed  shall  highly  be  graft, 
their  youth  appeares  by  its  blume: 

Then  drink  and  sing  &c. 

Old  Bacchus  tends 
To  welcome  all  our  friends 

to  tast  his  sparkling  Necter  he  invites, 

All  Heroys  bold, 

Which  scorne  to  be  controld, 

the  Queen  of  love  our  sences  she  delights, 

Then  drink  your  fill 

See  how  the  lusty  hogs-heads  lye  a  bleeding  still, 
Come  brave  gallants  here’s  to  you  all. 

To  be  true  and  faithfull  I  doe  you  install, 

Your  silk  stockings  must  touch  the  bare  ground, 

This  cup  of  Canary  it  shall  passe  quite  round, 
we  shall  reioyce,  when  as  our  hearts  choyce, 

Doth  weare  the  Crownet  of  fame, 

Knights,  Lords  and  Earles  wil  honer  rare  Charles 
The  second  of  that  Royall  name: 

Then  drink  and  sing, 

God  hlesse  the  true  Nobility  the  twelve  bels  ring . 


Read  loyall  ? 


253 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 
e  geconfc  part  to  tfje  game  tune. 

4  Though  clouds  and  stormes, 

Doe  give  us  these  allarms,2 

and  hides  the  glory  of  Apollos  face, 

They  vanquish  shall 
And  dissolve  before  us  all 

these  royall  heires  the  Pallace  for  to  grace : 

Then  drink  your  fill, 

See  how  the  lusty  hogs-heads  lyes  a  bleeding2  still, 
Fierse  Belona  beats  up  her  drums, 

Mars  with  his  army  couragiously  comes, 

All  the  planets  Iointly  agree, 
to  set  us  in  order  as  we  ought  to  be : 

Neptune  at  sea  on  waves  he  doth  play, 
and  takes  a  turne  at  the  helme, 

Hoisesing  up  saile,  they  meane  to  prevaile, 
and  land  safe  into  this  Realme : 

Then  drink  and  sing , 

God  blesse  the  true  Nobility  the  twelve  bels  ring. 

5  The  Fatherless 

Are  left  in  deep  distress, 

it  us  behooves  the  Widdow  to  deplore, 

Oh  factious  crew, 

Falsehearted  and  untrue, 

whose  stained  hands  doth  fill  our  land  with  gore 
Come  drink  your  fill, 

See  how  the  lusty  hogs-heads  lyes  a  bleeding  still, 
If  the  loud4  wind  doe  gently  blow, 

And  we  were  deprived  of  sorrow  and  woe, 


2  Text  allarm’s,  (sic). 


3  Text  deeding.  4  Text  leud? 

254 


THE  TWELVE  BRAVE  BELLS  OF  BOW 


Dukes  and  Ladyes  masking  may  have, 

Being  sumptuously  decked  with  ornamants  brave, 
the  Court  may  flourish,  so  will  our  land, 

And  all  things  plenty  will  be, 

then  faith  and  truth  will  goe  hand  in  hand, 

This  troubled  Kingdom  to  free: 

Lets  drink  and  sing ,  &c. 

6  When  as  the  Throne, 

Is  garnisht  with  its  own 

the  Citizens  shall  no  imployment  lack, 

All  Ioviall  blades,5 

May  flourish  with  their  traides, 

The  Conduits  they  shall  run  amain  with  sack, 
Come  drink  your  fill, 

See  how  the6  lusty  hogs-heads  lyes  a  bleeding  still, 
All  the  gentry  worthily  born,5 
Will  cause  stately  ringing  at  Charles’s  returne, 
Bonefires  flaming  in  its  array, 

Shall  make  glooming  midnight  as  bright  as  the  day 
the  Lambs  shall  play,  and  trip  or  the  plaines, 
Beggers  and  Criple  will  dance, 

the  Shepheards7  will  pipe  like  rurall  swaines, 

The  honour  of  one  to  advance, 

Then  drink  and  sing , 

God  hi  esse  the  true  Nobility  the  twelve  bels  doe  ring. 


London,  Printed  for  T.  S. 


5  Period. 

6  Text  ths. 

7  T ext  Shepheads. 


255 


34 

The fame,  wit,  and  glory  of the  west 

Manchester,  I,  5  3,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  two  woodcuts.  The  sheet, 
which  was  printed  about  1649,  is  slightly  mutilated.  Words  and  letters 
torn  from  the  margins  are  supplied  within  square  brackets. 

Richard  Burton  was  a  Royalist  printer  of  the  most  devoted  type. 
Here  both  his  hero  and  his  heroine  are  impoverished  Cavaliers. 
Neither  is  worthy  of  the  excessive  adulation  heaped  upon  them  by 
the  author.  He  felt,  evidently,  that  a  Roundhead — and  a  clownish 
Roundhead  at  that — deserved  no  consideration.  Be  that  as  it  may, 
one  can  hardly  approve  of  the  methods  adopted  by  the  Glory  of  the 
West! 

In  the  ballad  the  author  has  given  a  clever  twist  to  the  popular 
story  of  wooing  by  proxy  that  is  older  than  its  use  in  the  Arthurian 
legends  and  younger  than  in  Longfellow’s  Courtshif  of  Miles  Stan- 
dish .  A  favorite  version  of  this  story  deals  with  Elfrida,  daughter  of 
the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  King  Edgar,  and  Ethelwald;  see,  for  example, 
Thomas  Deloney’s  ballad  in  The  Garland  of  Good  Willy  ca.  1593 
( Works ,  ed.  F.O.  Mann,  p.  305);  the  comedy  of  A  Knack  to  Know 
a  Knave  (1594);  Edward  Ravenscroft’s  King  Edward  and  Alfreda 
(1667);  Thomas  Rymer’s  Edgar ,  or  The  English  Monarch  (1677); 
Aaron  Hill’s  Elfrid  (1710);  and  William  Mason’s  Elfrida  (1752). 
Similar  to  the  Elfrida  story  are  the  triangular  love-affairs  presented 
in  the  early  Elizabethan  comedies  of  Friar  Bacon  and  Friar  Bungayy 
by  Robert  Greene,  and  Fair  Em ,  an  anonymous  work  long  attributed 
to  Shakespeare.  The  substituted-bride  story  is  in  a  very  general  way 
paralleled  in  Thomas  Heywood’s  Wise  Woman  of  Hogsdon  (1604). 
Cf.  also  V.  O.  Freeburg’s  Disguise  Blots  in  Elizabethan  Drama 
(Columbia  University  dissertation,  1915). 

The  Glory  of  the  West,  here  introduced  as  a  new  tune,  is  given  in 
Chappell’s  Eofular  Music ,  II,  444,  and  is  used  in  No.  35,  a  com¬ 
panion  ballad  to  the  present  production. 


256 


THE  GLORY  OF  THE  WEST 


®I)e  jfame,  Slit,  anb  glory  of  tf )t  Weit, 
ffieze  tn  tin#  ibong  ^fjall  fully  be  expre^t. 

A  Caveat  for  young  men  wherein  they  may  behold , 
how  a  youngster  gave  away  his  Mistris  and  his  Gold ; 
And  Maids  likewise  may  here  a  lesson  learn , 
wherein  good  from  bad  they  may  discern; 

Learn  but  this  damsels ,  wit,  and  then  youl  finde , 
a  way  to  fit  all  suters  in  their  kind . 

To  a  pleasant  new  Tune,  Called  the  glory  of  the  West. 

1  A  Faire  and  comly  creature, 

as  ere  was  fram’d  by  nature, 

Lived  in  the  west  and  the  glory  of  the  same; 

Her  maiden  life  and  carriage, 

Untill  her  day  of  marriage; 

I  of  it  needs  must  wright  unto  her  lasting  fame, 
Most  galants  did  admire, 
her  beauty  with  desire, 

To  inioy  her  company, 
and  her  vertues  for  to  try; 

But  alas  poore  fooles  their  labour  was  in  vain, 
the  glory  of  the  west,  they  never  yet  could  stain; 
Your  courting,  and  your  complements  she’d  say, 
is  not  the  way  to  win  me,  I  longer  mean  to  stay, 

2  Perhaps  you  may  admire, 

and  have  a  great  desire, 

To  know  why  she  was  call’d  the  glory  of  the  west ; 

then  give  but  time  and  leasure, 

And  to  fulfill  your  pleasure; 

her  vertues  here  shall  fully  be  exprest, 

She  was  proper  tall  and  comly, 
no  parts  about  her  homely, 

257 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


She  had  no  rowling  eye, 
nor  never  used  uncivility, 

But  an  amorous  sweet  and  lovly  piersing  sight, 
her  cheeks  and  her  lips  were  pure  red  and  white, 
Her  other  parts  can  better  be  exprest, 

by  him  that  now  injoyes  the  glory  of  the  west. 

3  So  rare  she  was  and  witty, 

they  call’d  her  famous1  Betty ; 

Not  far  from  Bristow  this  gallant  spark  did  live; 

her  Father  was  a  Cavalier, 

And  lost  his  life  in  service  there, 

her  mother  was  grown  poor,  &  no  portion  could 
her  give 

Which  made  those  gallants  think  that  she 
would  soon  yeeld  up  her  honesty, 

Quoth  they  wee’ll  venture, 
her  royal!  fort  to  enter, 

But  all  their  time  they  spent,  alas  it  was  in  vain, 
the  glory  of  the  west,  they  never  yet  could  stain, 
Quoth  she  you  are  deceiv’d  tis  not  my  poverty, 
shall  ever  make2  me  yeeld  to  your  uncivilty. 

4  My  vergins  life  ile  keep  quoth  she, 

untill  such  time  that  man  I  see, 

Which  I  can  affect  and  chuse  him  for  my  mate; 

when  that  gallant  once  I  find, 

That  to  vertues  is  inclin’d, 

and  I  can  but  fancy  him,  I  care  not  for  estate; 

If  a  royall  heart  he  bear, 
and  can  love  a  Cavelier; 


1  T ext  famons. 


i) 

Text  make’. 


258 


THE  GLORY  OF  THE  WEST 


That  same  promise  he  must  make, 
for  my  noble  fathers  sake, 

Which  lost  his  life  and  fortunes  in  the  field, 
and  to  no  other  side  my  maidenhead  Fie  yeeid, 

If  that  he  be  a  Cavalier,  tho  he  be  neer  so  poor, 

Tie  love  him,  I’le  serve  him,  and  honour  him  the 
more. 


5  Give3  eare  and  listen  to  my  Song, 

and  I  shall  tell  you  ere  be  long, 

How  she  hath  obtaind  a  husband  to  her  mind ; 

a  usurer  that  liv’d  hard  by, 

Left  his  Son  when  he  did  dye, 

Great  sums  of  money,  with  goods  and  land  behind ; 
That  youngster  hearing  of  this  girle, 
vow’d  if  either  gold  or  pearle, 

Would  this  damsels  favour  win, 
then  he  weighd  it  not  a  pinne. 

Hang  money  quoth  he,  my  Gold  I  will  let  five, 
my  father  he  is  dead,  I  have  enough  lye  by, 

A  conceit  I  have  now  comes  into  my  breast, 

which  I  hope  shall  obtain  the  glory  of  the  west. 

6  A  kinsman  poor  I  have  quoth  he, 

shall  make  up  this  same  match  for  me, 

And  a  hundred  pounds  on  him  I  will  bestow, 
he  is  a  comly  youth  and  young, 

And  knows  well  how  to  use  his  tongue 

and  he  will  obtain  her  for  me  I  do  know ; 

So  forth  he  set  this  youngster  brave, 
with  money  and  what  else  hee’d  have, 

3  The  third  column  (really  “The  Second  Part”)  begins  here. 

259 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


For  to  try  his  utmost  skill, 

to  obtain  this  maids  good  will ; 

Spare  not  quoth  he  tis  no  matter  what  you  spend, 
doe  the  best  you  can,  and  be  faithfull  to  your 
friend; 

That  I  will  sayes  he,  but  mark  now  the  lest, 

he  cousened  his  kinsman  of  the  glory  of  the  west. 

7  When  first  he  came  unto  this  Maid, 

with  courteous  words  he  to  her  said, 

Faire  damsell  I  must  court  you  in  my  kinsmans 
name; 

his  father  being  of  his  life  bereft, 

Great  means  behind  him  he  hath  left, 

and  now  this  youngster  injoyeth  all  the  same; 
Which  on  you  he  will  bestow, 
if  you  please  it  shall  be  so ; 

Sir  you  have  spoke  enough  quoth  she, 
he’s  but  a  foole  I  plainly  see. 

Do  you  present  his  person,  and  let  him  keep  his  Gold, 
now  you  have  your  answer,  that  Riddle  pray 
unfold; 

Your  Riddle  faire  Mistris,  I  quickly  understand, 
my  person  and  my  service  shall  be  at  your 
command. 

8  This  gallant  damsel!  faire  and  bright, 

in  whom  so  many  took  delight ; 

With  this  prodigals  kinsman  was  taken  so  in  love, 
which  when  he  did  perceive  and  see, 

He  slipt  no  opportunity, 

but  couzened  his  cozen  as  afterwards  did  prove; 

260 


THE  GLORY  OF  THE  WEST 


Sweet  heart  quoth  he  I  am  poor  indeed, 
which  made  me  fearfull  to  proceed; 

But  what  I  want  in  wealth  faire  maid, 
shall  be  in  love  and  service  paid  ;4 

Speak  no  more  quoth  she,  few  words  I  like  the  best, 
if  you  can  love  a  Cavalier,  no  more  shall  be 
exp  rest, 

Sweet  soule  saith  he  tis  known  both  farre  and  neer, 
I  have  lost  all  I  had,  for  being  a  Cavalier. 

9  These  lovers  being  vnited, 
his  kinsman  was  invited; 

Over  to  her  house,  and  he  thought  to  get  the  lasse, 
but  sure  a  foole  he  needs  must  be, 

When  once  he  did  the  Mistresse  see; 

to  marry  with  her  maid  as  after  comes  to  passe, 

Quoth5  she  unto  this  prodigall, 
now  you  have  obtained  all; 

By  your  kinsmans  meanes  quoth  she, 
pray  sweet  heart  tell  to  me, 

What  you  will  bestow  upon  him  for  his  pain, 
my  maid  he  would  marry  if  a  portion  he  could 
gain; 

He  hearing  of  her  words,  drew  forth  a  purse  of  Gold, 
and  said  sweet  heart  content  him  as  long  as  it  will 
hold. 

10  Five  hundred  pound  is  in’t  sayes  he, 
the  rest  I  freely  give  to  thee; 

A  Ring  likewise  he  bought  her,  and  a  fanne, 


4  Text  piad.  8  Text  Qouth. 


26l 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


one  thing  of  you  quoth  she  I  crave, 

Our  loves  so  secret  I  would  have ; 

I  would  not  have  it  blaz’d  abroad  about  t[he 
land.] 

So  for  that  time  he  went  away, 
untill  the  appointed  marriage  day, 

Where  in  private  they  did  meet, 
at  a  Church  in  Bristow  street; 

And  there  his  kinsman  served  him  like  a  clo[wn;] 
the  Mrs.  wore  the  maids  clothes,  the  mai[d  her 
own,] 

This  Mistresse  had  her  Maiden  bravely  dresfsed;] 
this  foole  he  did  take  her  for  the  glory  of  the 
[west.] 

1 1  They  vales  before  their  faces  had, 

so  eager  was  this  simple  lad; 

In  all  the  haste  he  marri’d  needs  must  be  [ ;] 
which  being  done  his  kinsman  led, 

His  Mistresse  and  unto  him  sed, 

this  maid  you  must  give  me  which  he  did  [free.] 
H  is  Gold  he  freely  gave  away, 
and  his  Mistresse  too  I  say, 

But  yet  he  had  enough  beside, 

his  Ring,  his  gown,  likewise  a  bride; 

It  was  too  much  for  such  a  foole  as  he, 

for  to  maintain  a  kinsman  his  suter  for  to  be, 

The  clown  got  the  Bride  that  was  so  bravely  [drest,] 
but  his  kinsman  bore  away  the  glory  of  the  [west.] 

12  So  from  the  Church  away  they  went, 

this  clown  at  first  was  well  content; 

262 


THE  GLORY  OF  THE  WEST 


Thinking  he  had  married  with  the  glory  of  the 
w[est;] 

so  homewards  then  he  went  apace, 

He  never  look’t  upon  her  face, 

but  took  her  for  her  Mistresse,  she  was  bravely 
[drest.] 

His  kinsman  and  his  pritty  mate, 
went  smiling  after  in  conseit, 

Thinking  what  the  foole  would  say, 
when  their  vales  were  tooke  away, 

Tis  no  matter  what  he  said,  they  had  his  money 

[got;] 

the  maid  and  the  gown,  it  seems  fell  to  his  lot; 

I  ne’er  before  did  hear  of  such  a  pretty  lest, 

as  here  was  brought  about  by  the  Glory  of  the 
w[est.] 

13  Brave  gallants  went  to  meet  her, 
and  kindly  they  did  greet  her; 

But  thinking  to  salute  the  glory  of  the  west, 
they  were  struck  with  admiration, 

To  see  such  alteration; 

but  plucking  off  ther  vales,  they  soon  perceiv’d 
t[he  jest;] 

This  youngster  when  he  did  behold, 
he  had  lost  his  Mistresse  and  his  Gold; 

Faith  I  might  a  looke  quoth  he, 
before  that  I  had  leapt  so  free; 

But  now  the  proverb  you  may  plainly  see, 
marriage  and  hanging  goes  by  destiny ; 

Thus  unto  you  I  freely  have  exp  rest, 

The  wit  and  behaviour  of  the  glory  of  the  west. 

263 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


This  Song  a  warning  well  may  be, 
to  young  men  when  they  do  it  see 
If  once  they  goe  a  wooing  not  to  trust  another, 
and  maids  if  they  this  Song  will  learn, 

Good  from  bad  they  may  discern, 

and  this  girls  behaviour  they  may  chuse  above  all 
oth[er.] 

This  couple  lives  most  brave  they  say, 
in  Bristow  at  this  present  day; 

Ever  since  they  did  agree, 
both  in  peace  and  unity; 

She  never  yet  would  give  him  cause  of  strife. 

I  doe  wish  that  every  man  could  say  so  by 
his  wife; 

Young  men  and  maids,  this  Song  [was  made 
for  you,  ] 

so  the  glory  of  the  west  now  bids  you  [all  adieu.] 

London  printed  for  R.  Burton ,  at  the  Horse-shooe  in 
Smithfield,  1 64-  [  9.  ] 


264 


35 

The  credit  of  Yorkshire 

Manchester,  I,  6,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts.  The  sheet 
is  slightly  imperfect,  parts  of  several  lines  being  torn  ofi:.  These  parts 
have  been  restored  in  square  brackets. 

This  ballad  is  an  imitation  of  the  foregoing  (No.  34),  to  which 
it  refers  in  the  opening  lines.  The  story  it  tells  is  very  old,  and 
occurs  in  fabliaux ,  jest-books,  collections  of  tales,  and  plays  too  often 
to  need  much  comment,  though  usually  the  chaste  wife  has  three  or 
four  suitors  whom  in  one  way  or  another  she  puts  to  shame.  (See  the 
notes  to  Furnivall’s  edition,  Early  English  Text  Society,  1865,  of 
The  Wright's  Chaste  Wife ,  ca.  1462;  W.  A.  Clouston’s  Additional 
Analogues  of  “ The  Wright's  Chaste  Wife,"  E.E.T.S.,  1886,  and 
his  Popular  Tales,  1887,  II,  289—316;  F.  J.  Child’s  English  and 
Scottish  Popular  Ballads,  No.  276;  and  No.  23  above.)  Here  the 
story  is  exceptionally  interesting  because  of  its  application  to  the  wife 
of  a  poor  but  honest  Cavalier.  Pontefract  Castle,  twice  referred  to, 
was  surrendered  to  the  Roundheads  on  March  21,  1649. 

Charles  Hammond,  the  author,  is  represented  by  ballads  in  the 
Roxburghe  Ballads,  VI,  324,  VII,  44,  VIII,  675.  He  wrote  many 
chap-books,  five  of  which  were  entered  at  Stationers’  Hall  (Eyre’s 
Transcript,  II,  181)  simultaneously  on  June  11,  1658.  For  the  tune, 
which  involves  an  unusually  elaborate  stanzaic  form,  see  No.  34. 


265 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

®Ijc  treint  of  gorfeesljtre,  or  tijc  T>lorp  of  ttjc  JJortf), 

9  netu  bmp  to  pap  tfje  jMalt  man. 

To  the  Tune  of  the  right  Glory  of  the  West. 

1  Of  late  I  heard  a  dity, 

was  sung  in  Town  and  City, 

And  it  was  cald  the  Glory  of  the  West; 

of  a  pretty  Cavelier, 

That  song  was  made  as  I  do  hear ; 

and  in  my  conceit  it  proved  a  pretty  jest, 

But  if  you  please  to  list  a  while, 

this  Dity  sure  will  make  you  smile, 

Wherein  I  will  declare  the  same, 
of  a  gallant  Northern  Dame; 

Whose  vertuous  life,  her  constant  love  and  worth, 
makes  me  intitle  her  the  Glory  of  the  North, 
Her  husband  kept  a  Tavern  and  a  noted  Cavelier, 
for  being  in  Pomfret  Castle  it  cost  his  purse 
full  dear. 

2  All  the  Gentry  far  and  neare, 

resorted  to  this  Cavelier, 

Some  for  love  of  him  and  others  for  his  wife. 

Although  content  to  all  she  gave, 

Yet  so  she  would  her  credit  save; 

her  husband  had  no  cause  of  jealousy  nor  strife. 
All  sorts  of  Seres1  thither  came, 
for  to  view  this  comly  Dame, 

And  some  in  zeale  would  try  her  skill, 
to  obtaine  their  wanton  will, 

1  Sires  or  Sirs?  Suitors  would  fit  the  sense  as  well  as  the  metre. 

266 


THE  CREDIT  OF  YORKSHIRE 


But2  if  they  were  uncivell, 
shed  cast  them  forth  this  jear, 

I  pray  hands  of  sir,  touch  not  a  Cavelier. 

though  Caveleers  are  poore  yet  honest  wil3  bee 
And  play  our  games  so  fairely  we  care  not  who 
do  see. 

3  Looke  what  side  so  ere  you  be, 

you’re  welcome  here  bee  sure  quoth  she, 

And  such  content  as  my  house  can  afford 
you  shall  have  at  your  command, 

But  ide  have  you  understand, 

I  shun  your  company  &  if  you  were  a  Lord 
If  you  seeke  to  wrong  my  Name, 
or  my  credit  do  defame 
By  your  base  uncivelty, 

then  I  shun  your  company; 

For  if  you  seeke  to  wrong  my  honour  o, 

be  sure  I  then  must  take  you  for  my  husbands  foe, 
Comming  or  going  a  kisse  i’le  not  deny, 

but  otherwise  tis  troblesome  and  I  doe  it  dehe. 

4  Thus  her  vertues  and  her  fame, 

had  gaind  her  such  an  honest  Name, 

Most  of  all  that  Country  that  lived  both  far  and 
near, 

that  no  Inne  wheresoere  they  went, 

Could  give  the  Gentry  such  content, 

as  they  could  have  with  this  Northern  Caveleer. 
Thus  her  credit’s  long  set  forth, 
she’s  cald  the  glory  of  the  North, 


2  Text  B[]t.  3  Read  we  wil. 


267 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


For  being  such  a  vertuous  wife, 
and  leading  such  a  civill  life. 

But  yet  it  cost  her  husbands  purse  full  dear; 

for  being  in  Pomfret  Castell  was  prov’d  a 
Caveleer 

It  cost  his  wife  all  the  money  shee  could  gaine 
her  husbands  liberty  and  freedome  to  obtaine. 

5  All  the  meanes  that  shee  could  make, 

it  being  for  her  husbands  sake, 

Shee  thought  it  not  too  much  that  she  did  do, 
when  her  husband  shee  had  gain’d, 

And  his  freedome  had  obtain’d, 

thus  was  her  love  so  constant  firm  &  true, 

Which  brought  them  then  in  debt  full  sore, 
and  chiefly  on  the  Maltmans  score, 

Who  did  on  them  no  pity  take, 

but  thought  a  prize  on  him  to  make, 

Or  on  his  wife,  now  marke  this  jest  I  pray, 
the  man  at  last  was  deceived  in  his  play, 

Her  husband  then  in  prison  straight  he  cast, 
but  this  silly  Malt-man  did  pay  for ’t  at  last. 

tZTfje  geconb  part,  tEo  tfje  game  tune. 

6  His  wife  then  hearing  of  the  same, 

unto  the  Malt-man  straight  shee  came, 

And  did  desire  him  some  course  that  he  would  take, 
that  her  husband  might  be  freed, 

Quoth  hee,  sweete  heart  it  is  agreed, 

if  that  you’l  consent  to  the  bargain  I  wil  make, 

So  straight  hee  whisper’d  in  her  eare, 
and  told  her  that  shee  need  not  feare, 

268 


THE  CREDIT  OF  YORKSHIRE 


For  her  husband  hee  would  free, 
if  to  him  shee  would  agree. 

That  is  quoth  he  to  lodge  with  me  one  night 

I  meane  to  keepe  it  secret  and  your  courtesie 
requite, 

Your  husband  cannot  know  nor  of  it  understand, 
grant  but  this  request  Love,  &  her’s  my  heart  & 
hand. 

7  Thus  relating  of  his  minde, 

she  thought  shee’d  fit  him  in  his  kind, 

And  out  of  prison  her  husband  she  would  bring; 

to  any  motion  i’le  now  consent, 

This  knave,  it  seemes  I  must  content, 

and  nothing  else  will  please  him  unlesse  it  be 
that  thing. 

Quoth  shee  my  wits  i’le  worke  about, 
but  sure  i’le  bring  my  husband  out, 

And  yet  my  credit  I  will  save, 
but  make  of  him  a  silly  knave, 

Perhaps  he  thinks  to  make  of  mee  his  whore, 

but  such  a  trick  ile  show  him  shall  pay  a  Malt- 
mans  score, 

And  teach  such  knaves  more  wit,  when  once  they 
heare, 

how  this  Maltman  was  served  by  an  honest 
Caveleer. 

8  Then  to  this  Maltman  shee  replid, 

good  sir  your  suit  is  not  denied, 

But  which  way  I  pray  shall  my  husband  sir  be  freed? 

quoth  he,  sweetheart  I  mean  to  make, 

A  free  acquittance  for  thy  sake, 

269 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

grant  but  my  request  &  it  is  done  with  speed. 

Then  come  at  such  a  night  quoth  she, 
and  drink  a  pint  of  wine  with  me, 

Then  to  my  Chamber  you  shall  goe, 
none  of  my  servants  shall  it  know. 

This  bargin  being  made,  shee  to  the  prison  went, 
and  there  she  told  her  husband  all  her  full  intent, 
Quoth  she  sweet  heart  come  out  with  your  keeper 
such  a  night 

Come  up  unto  my  Chamber  love  and  there  clame 
your  right. 

9  The  time  being  come  the  Maltman  went, 
and  thought  to  give  this  wife  content: 

Then  to  her  chamber  hee  straight  way  was  conveyd, 
the  quittance  in  his  hand  he  brought, 

To  reade  it  then  shee  him  besought; 

but  full  little  thought  hee  poore  foole  hee  was 
betraid, 

With  her  he  then  began  to  play, 
but  shee  desired  him  for  to  stay; 

Ide  have  you  go  to  bed  quoth  shee, 
if  that  you4  meane  to  sport  with  mee, 

And  such  content  ere  long  to  you  i’le  give, 

just  cause  you’l  have  to  think  on  me  as  long  as  you 
liv  [e.] 

He  then  puts  off  his  cloths  and  into  bed  did  go, 
this  prity  soule  undrest  her  to,  but  now  begins  his 
woe. 

10  Her  husband  straight  began  to  call 

quoth  shee  we  are  undone  now  all; 


4  Text  y[]u. 


270 


THE  CREDIT  OF  YORKSHIRE 

The  Maltman  hearing  that  began  to  sigh  for  feare, 
quoth  he  where  shall  I  go  to  hide? 

Here  in  this  Chest  quoth  shee  abide, 

for  there  is  nothing  in  it  but  such  cloths  I  weare. 

Then  in  he  went,  but  little  thought 
he  to  his  shame  should  out  be  brought. 

Her  husband  straight  came  to  the  doore, 
what  are  you  going  to  bed  you  whore, 

When  I’m  in  prison  cast,  and  money  want  to  spend, 
my  keeper  here  wants  money  &  is  my  speciall 
frienfd.] 

Alas  you  know  sweet  heart  that  I  have  none 
quoth  sh[e.] 

i’le  search  al  these  coffers  here,  but  iTe  find  some 
saith  [he.] 

1 1  Shee  opened  all  about  the  Rome, 

but  that  which  was  the  Maltmans  Tomb, 

Come  open  this  quoth  hee,  for  here  the  treasure  lies, 
sweet  heart  quoth  shee  pray5  rest  content. 

If  this  you  see  I  shall  be  shent. 

the  Maltman  hearing  this  the  teares  ran  downe 
his  thighs. 

Before  this  Chest  he  opened, 

the  Maltman  lay  like  one  stark  dead. 

Quoth  he  here  is  a  spirit  here, 

but  with  my  sword  I  will  him  reare. 

Keeper  saith  he,  here  is  mine  enemy, 
and  i’le  be  revenged  upon  him  by  &  by. 

If  that  you’l  spare  my  life  sweet  sir,  I  humbly  pray, 
from  all  your  debts  i’le  clear  you  sir  untill  this 
present  day. 


5  T ext  rapy. 


271 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


12  He  then  releast  him  of  his  debt, 

this  Sparke  was  out  of  Prison  let, 

And  well  contented  to  ide  warrant  he  was  beside, 
tis  thought  the  Maltman  dearly  payd, 

Because  he  had  the  Chest  berayed. 

how  happy  is  that  man  hath  such  an  honest  Bride. 
Neere  Pomfret  doth  this  couple  dwell, 
in  London  rode  tis  known  full  well, 

The  Maltmans  friends  did  me  intreate, 
none  of  their  Names  I  should  relate. 

But  to  conclude  and  make  an  end  my  Song, 

consider  of  this  jest  you’l  say  the  Maltman  had 
[no]  wro[ng.] 

When  Caveliers  are  poor,  they  by  their  wits  must 
[double,] 

but  let  them  still  be  honest  like  this  Northern 
C[ouple.] 

Charles  Hamond. 

London ,  Printed  for  Richard  Burton  at  the  Horse-shoo  in 

Smithfield  16  [4]  9. 6 


6  Blurred. 


272 


36 

Gallant  news  from  the  seas 


Manchester,  I,  45,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts. 

Tom  Smith  is  a  non-committal  name  for  the  author,  but  the  printer 
W.  J.  showed  much  boldness  in  signing  his  initials  (though  possibly 
they  were  assumed)  to  this  intensely  loyal  song.  It  is  significant  as 
showing  how  English  Royalists,  immediately  following  Charles  Es 
execution,  began  to  plan  for  the  restoration  of  his  son.  The  specific 
occasion  of  this  song  was  that  part  of  the  fleet  of  Parliament  had 
revolted,  and  in  July,  1648,  placed  itself  under  the  command  of  Prince 
Charles.  Joining  the  fleet  off  the  coast  of  Holland,  Charles  then  sailed 
with  it  to  Yarmouth  and  Dover.  In  November  Prince  Rupert  assumed 
the  active  command. 

The  difficulties  of  distributing  the  sheet  must  have  been  great,  but 
ballads  of  this  type  undoubtedly  played  no  despicable  part  in  stimu¬ 
lating  the  courage  of  the  Cavaliers.  The  workmanship  bears  great 
resemblance  to  that  of  Martin  Parker:  unquestionably  he  was  writing 
ballads  in  1649,  though  prudence  dictated  that  they  be  anonymous. 
“Tantara”  refrains  (which  were  probably  derived  in  one  way  or  an¬ 
other  from  Priscian’s  quotation  from  Ennius,  At  tuba  horribili  sonitu 
taratantara  dixit)  had  long  been  popular.  Dozens  of  uses  of  the  phrase 
can  be  found  in  Elizabethan  poetry  (cf.  Journal  of  English  and 
Germanic  Philology,  XVIII,  48).  In  his  Art  of  English  Poesy ,  1589 
(ed.  Arber,  p.  192),  Puttenham  illustrates  the  term  onomatofieia  by 
saying:  aas  the  poet  Virgil  said  of  the  sounding  of  a  trumpet,  ta-ra-tant , 
tara-tantara 

The  tune  is  not  known. 


273 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


(gallant  Jletoes  from  tfjc  seas. 

Seeing  a  delation  of  ccrtaine  jspeccfjesf  mabe  bp  prince 
Charles ,  tljc  ®ufec  of  Yorke ,  tfjc  Torb  Montrosse,  S>ra= 
men  anb  Hanb=men,  tontlj  tfieir  Resolutions:  (gatfjereb 
together  bp  a  £bea-man  latelp  tome  from  H>ea,  anb 
frameb  into  a  §?ong  bp  f)im;  tofiose  name  is  Tom  Smith. 

To  the  tune  of,  The  FI  eat  at  Sea. 


1  Rouse  up  your  spirits  and  make  haste  away, 

and  cast  away  needlesse  sorrow  and  care, 
There  is  such  a  Navy  of  Ships  on  the  Sea, 
that  hath  not  bin  seene  this  thousand  yeares : 
With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  tan  ta  ra  ra , 

Tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  tan  ta  ra  ra . 

2  Wee  Sea-men  invite  you  to  helpe  in  each  thing 

you  Land-men  if  ever  you  meane  to  be  blest, 
From  whom  your  joy  and  comfort  doth  spring, 
without  whom  your  Land  can  neuer  have  rest, 
With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

3  With  that  bespake  the  Duke  so  bold, 

follow  my  councell  every  one, 

You  shall  want  neither  Silver  nor  Gold, 
in  setting  my  Brother  now  on  his  throne : 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

4  Then  good  Prince  Charles  did  send  them  word, 

that  they  should  not  too  forward  be, 

O  I  am  unwilling  to  draw  my  Sword, 

I’d  rather  have  them  yeeld  to  me: 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra,  &c. 

274 


GALLANT  NEWS  FROM  THE  SEAS 


5  My  Lord  Montrosse /  did  answer  and  say, 

will  you  stand  still  and  loose  your  right4? 

They  doe  but  laugh  at  your  delay, 

but  wee  are  resolved  with  them  to  fight : 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

6  Your  Sea-mens  hearts  are  valiant  and  true, 

they  wish  that  right  may  now  take  place, 
Theyd  spend  their  dearest  blood  for  you, 
so  well  they  love  your  Royall  Grace : 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra,  tan  ta  ra  ra , 

Tan  ta  ra  ra  ra  ra ,  tan  ta  ra  ra. 

getonb  iPart,  to  tfie  game  lame. 

7  With  that  bespake  the  Sea-men  then, 

with  good  Prince  Charles  weed  live  and  dye, 
Weed  shew  our  selves  right  honest  men, 
fight  for  our  Prince  and  liberty : 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  tan  ta  ra  ra , 

Tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  tan  ta  ra  ra. 

8  There’s  none  of  them  all  though  they  be  bace, 

shall  ever  bring  us  to  their  Bow, 

Weed  stoope  to  none  but  to  his  Grace, 
to  whom  true  honour  now  is  due : 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

9  When  the  Land-souldiers  heard  these  words, 

their  joy  of  heart  did  much  abound, 

Quoth  they,  while  wee  have  strength  &  swords, 
wee  will  not  yeeld  an  inch  of  ground: 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

1  James  Graham,  first  Marquis  of  Montrose  (hanged  May  21,  1650).  Among 
his  poems  are  some  famous  lines  on  the  execution  of  Charles  I. 

275 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


10  [Sjtand2  you  fast  brave  Sea-men  wee  pray,3 

and  wee  shall  soone  our  Foes  confound, 
Wee  will  not  rest  by  night  nor  day, 

untill  wee  make  Prince  Charles  renown’d: 
With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

1 1  And  when  wee  bring  him  to  his  right, 

wee  hope  these  Civill  Warrs  will  cease. 
Wee  shall  have  then  no  cause  to  fight, 
if  God  and  they  conclude  a  peace : 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

12  Here’s  a  Health  to  all  by  Sea  and  Land, 

that  doth  the  Royall  Cause  defend 
That  bravely  for  Prince  Charles  will  stand, 
to  bring  his  troubles  to  an  end : 

With*  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

13  God  send  ’s  the  rule  wee  had  before, 

’twill  be  the  better  for  honest  men, 

’Twill  be  the  better  for  rich  and  poore, 
for  wee  shall  have  no  fals-hood  then: 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  &c. 

14  God  blesse  the  man  that  made  this  Song, 

for  he  hath  honestly  playd  his  part, 

’Tis  pitty  he  should  suffer  wrong, 

who  loves  the  Prince  with  all5  his  heart: 

With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra ,  tan  ta  ra  ra , 

Tan  tar  a  ra  ra ,  tan  ta  ra  ra. 

Printed  for  W.  J.  1649. 

3  Period.  *  Text  Wih.  6  Text  withall. 

276 


2  Torn. 


37 

An  atheistical  creature 


Manchester,  I,  35,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts.  The  main 
title  of  the  ballad  is  missing,  and  two  lines  in  stanza  1 1  are  slightly 
mutilated. 

This  interesting  ballad,  directed  against  sectarians,  expresses 
particular  horror  and  disdain  for  the  antinomians.  The  author  may 
have  known  the  pamphlet  (E.  168  (7)  and  Harvard)  called  A  Dis¬ 
covery  of  29  Sects  Here  in  London ,  All  of  Which ,  Exceft  the  First 
[i.e.  the  Protestants],  Are  Most  Divelish  and  Damnable  (1641).  But 
his  tirades  at  times  are  so  comic  as  to  verge  on  burlesque.  Lambert  is 
probably  an  error  for  Lambeth.  The  tunes  are  given  in  Chappell’s 
Popular  Music ,  I,  114. 


277 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


8  brief  delation  of  an  Stbeisticall  creature,  libing  at 
Lambert,  tobicb  is  of  a  strange  opinion  tfjat  fjief  sins 
are  too  big  for  him  to  goe  to  Jheaben,  anb  too  little  for 
him  to  goe  to  bell,  hr  tbin&s  be  Shall  bpe  a  Pharisie: 
Jfurtfjer  be  besireb  to  babe  a  Commission  to  burne 
eberp  neh)  marrpeb  couple  in  tbe  puttocfe,  but  paping 
bim  fortp  shillings  tbep  sboulb  escape  unburneb. 


To  the  tune  of,  Jesfer  Cunningame ,  or  brave  Lord  Willoby . 


l  Good  Christians  all  give  eare  awhile, 
and  mark  what  I  relate, 

There  lives  a  Man  in  Lambert  Town, 
govern’d  by  lucklesse  fate: 

An  A  this t  he  in  Iudgement  is, 
not  fearing  Heaven  nor  Hell, 

278 


AN  ATHEISTICAL  CREATURE 


But  in  presumption  every  day, 

’gainst  God  he  doth  rebell. 

2  He  thus  unto  his  Neighbours  spake, 

my  sins  quoth  he  are  great, 

That  I  my  self  shall  not  attaine, 
to  sit  i’  th  Heavenly  seate : 

Nor  shall  my  soule  goe  down  to  Hell, 
(sin  doth  not  multiply) 

In  heart  I  doe  believe  that  I 
a  Pharisie  shall  dye. 

3  This  as  a  jeere  he  thus  did  say, 

blaspheming  of  our  God, 

But  such  that  will  not  him  obey, 
shall  surely  feel  his  Rod: 

Like  the  Foole  he  saith  there  is  no  God, 
but  Men  like  Dogs  must  dye, 

And  have  no  other  just  reward, 
of  bliss  or  Misery.1 

4  But  yet  this  Viper  he  is  given 

to  covet  after  Gold, 

Though  neither  he  fears  Hell  nor  Heaven 
as  this  for  truth  is  told : 

A  Commission  he  did  seek  to  have, 
a  Villanous  act  to  doe, 

Then  list  a  while  you  standers  by, 
and  lie  declar’t  to  you; 

5  Quoth  he,  if  I  a  grant  might  have, 

and  a  commanding  power, 

1  Comma. 


279 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Each  marryed  Couple  I  would  brand, 
to  make  their  pleasure  sower: 

But  if  full  forty  shillings  they, 
to  me  would  freely  give, 

They  should  in  joy  their  Loves  in  peace, 
in  Unity  to  live. 

6  But  those  which  did  this  same  deny, 

should  feele  my  cruell  ire 
With  irons  hot  I  would  them  burn, 
hoat  with  the  flaming  fire : 

With  which,  impression  deep  Ide  make, 
and  were  'em  by  my  side, 

The  first  that  I  in  hand  did  take, 
should  be  a  young-mans  Bride. 

7  Inhumane  like  thus  would  he  deale 

with  those  new  marryed, 

His  tyrant  hand  they  sure  should  feele, 
so  soon  as  they  were  wed, 

O  wffiat  a  Tyger  would  he  prove, 
if  he  in  Office  were, 

The  like  before  in  all  my  life, 

I  never  yet  did  here. 

Cf )t  seconb  iPatt,  to  tfje  same  tEune. 

8  His  savage  mind  doth  thirst  for  blood, 

he’s  of  the  swinish  breed, 

And  as2  the  churlish  Caniball, 
on  mens  flesh  he  would  feed : 


z  Text  on. 


280 


AN  ATHEISTICAL  CREATURE 


And  likewise  the  poore  Female  sex 
he’d  punish  with  a  brand, 

Thus  all  young  folks  he  would  perplex,3 
unlesse  they’d  bribe  his  hand. 

9  This  great  confusion  in  the  Land, 
about  Religion  sure, 

Doe  bring  Mens  hearts  to  hainous  sins, 
for  all  they’r  counted  pure: 

They  climbe  so4  high  above  their  reach, 
it  is  the  Brothers  tricks, 

Then  from  the  top  they  down  doe  fall 
head-long  and  breake  their  Necks. 

10  So  by  that  meanes  there  epicures, 

and  Atheists  they  doe  rise, 

And  Pharisees  with  their  wild  Sects, 

Gods  glory  to  despise, 

The  Antinomians  lead  the  way, 
for  to  commit  all  evill, 

Saying  to  sin  it’s  for  their  good, 
though  it  lead  them  to  the  Divell.5 

1 1  When  they  in  these  wild  wayes  are  fixt, 

like  Judas  some  dispaire, 

And  presently  goe  hang  themselves, 
in  conscience  troubled  are: 

[So]  me  dround  themselvs,  some  stob  themselvs, 
and  some  their  throats  doe  cut. 

When  Men  run  headlong  in  their  wayes, 

[t]hose  God  from  him  doth  shut. 


8  Text  peplex.  4  Text  so  ho.  5  Comma. 

28l 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


12  Good  Christians  be  not  thus  sedus’d, 

by  Wolves  cloath’d  in  Sheep-skins, 

For  with  your  eyes  you  plainly  see, 

God  plagues  us  for  our  sins. 

If  there  be  neither  Heaven  nor  Hell, 
how  comes  it  then  to  passe, 

In  Winter  time  the  Snow  appears, 
in  Summer-time  the  Grasse: 

13  The  Sun,6  the  Moon,  the  Stars  give  light, 

as  God  hath  so  decreed, 

But  he  that  saith  there  is  no  God, 
is  sure  a  fool  indeed. 

Let  none  delude  you  from  the  truth, 
but  faithfully  believe, 

That  God  is  just  in  all  his  wayes, 
so  mayst  thou  Heaven  receive.7 

14  These  vild  Sectarians  doe  annoy, 

and  fall  the  land  with  sin, 

They’r  sevenfold  nearer  the  sons  of  Hell, 
then  when  they  did  begin : 

Believe  not  them,  believe  Gods  Word, 
so  shalt  thou  live  in  peace, 

And  let  true-hearted  Christians  pray, 
that  Englands  wars  may  sease. 

15  Lord  blesse  thy  Ministers  which  teach 

thy  word  in  every  Church, 

And  breake  in  too  the  Sectaryes, 
that  would  thy  people  lurch : 


6  No  punctuation. 


7  Comma. 


282 


AN  ATHEISTICAL  CREATURE 

Heaven  prosper  us  that  we  may  live, 
so  as  with  you  to  dwell, 

For  goodly  men  shall  goe  to  Heaven, 
and  wicked  ones  to  hell. 

London  Printed  for  C.  D.  1649. 


283 


3» 

Gallant  news  from  Ireland 


Manchester,  II,  19,  B.  L.,  two  columns,  one  woodcut.  The  entire 
second  part  is  torn  away,  but  even  in  its  mutilated  condition  the 
ballad  is  an  important  document.  Loyally  supporting  Charles  II  and 
all  his  followers,  it  breathes  in  every  line  contempt  for  the  Parliament 
and  its  leaders.  That  such  a  ballad  could  have  been  published  is  a 
commentary  on  the  boldness  of  the  printers  and  the  difficulties  of  the 
censors. 

Murrough  O’Brien,  Lord  Inchiquin,  captured  Drogheda  (“Tredah”) 

on  July  1 1  and  Trim  and  Dundalk  on  July  24,  according  to  Gardiner 

( History  of  the  Commonwealth  and  Protectorate ,  I,  109  ff.).  The 

ballad-writer  believed  that  these  victories  pointed  to  the  complete 

downfall  of  Parliament’s  power  in  Ireland,  and  cleverly  compared  the 

Irish  situation  with  the  mythological  war  of  the  Titans  against 

Olympus.  James  Butler,  Marquis  of  Ormond,  the  commander  of  the 

Royalist  forces  in  Ireland,  was,  however,  defeated  by  Michael  Jones 

on  August  12.  Cromwell  himself  landed  at  Dublin  on  August  15, 

and  began  vigorous  operations  against  the  rebels.  The  triumphs  of 

Ormond  and  Inchiquin  were  soon  mere  memories.  Trim  and  Dundalk 

were  recaptured  by  the  troops  of  Parliament  in  September.  On  the 

eleventh  of  that  month,  Cromwell  took  Drogheda  by  storm,  and 

butchered  3000  of  its  defenders  and  citizens.  Fortunately  for  his 

¥ 

peace  of  mind,  the  balladist  could  not  foresee  that  fearful  denoue¬ 
ment;  though  even  if  he  could  have  done  so,  he  might  have  been  no 
more  discouraged  than  was  the  author  of  a  later  “Hymn,”  No.  39. 


284 


GALLANT  NEWS  FROM  IRELAND 

(gallant  JletoeS  from  Srelanb. 

Joeing  a  true  delation  of  tlje  Xorb  Inchequins  taking 
tije  Citp  of  Tredah,  anb  tfjc  ttoo  strong  (garrisons 
’Trim1  anb  Dundalk  upon  surrenber  tottij  all  tfje 
Stmes,  anb  ^munition,  upon  tlje  19.  &  20.  of  July, 
1649.  Jfartfjer  since  tlje  latter  enb  of  June,  at  least 
8  strong  fortifieb  fCotones  Jforts-  anb  Castles  fjabe 
keen3  taken  bp  storrne  anb  composition  bp  tlje  mag¬ 
nanimous  Ormond  anb  Ijisf  potent  ^eroick  Jforses: 
fjabing  also  kesiegeb  all  tfjeir  orts,  Cotoets,  Castles, 
UDotonS,  Cities,  tofjo  totll  subbenlpkesole  Victor  ober 
Ireland,  to itfj  tfje  baliant  resolution  of  prince  Ruperts 
jfleet,  tojjicfj  takes  anb  retakes  iHjipping  eberp  bap 
for  tfje  use  of  C3&&& HCi?  tlje  ibeconb. 

To  the  tune  of,  Sfindolozv ,  or  braue  Essex  and  drake. 


1  In  faire  Olimpus  high, 

A  degree  above  the  Skie, 

the  Gyants  rebelled  in  their  Senates, 

Being  furious  mad  they  rose, 

Their  God-head  to  oppose, 

to  unthrown  all  the  seven  noble  planets, 

At  Jupiter  they  aim’d, 

Who  is  in  glory  fam’d, 

for  to  tare  him  and' s  Crownet  quite  asunder 
But  Jove  being  King , 

His  lightning  dozen  did  fling , 

and  consum'd  many  Gyants  with  thunder. 

2  Stand  up  stout  Mars , 

The  God  of  bloody  wars, 

1  Roman  letter.  2  Text  Forrs.  8  Text  heen. 

285 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


&  mount  on  your  Steed  with  great  power, 

For  Tipheus 4  he  amaine, 

With  his  aspiring  traine, 

rises  up  Paphos  Queene  to  devower, 

For  Jupiter  the  great, 

Sitting  in  his  regall  Seate, 

they  would  rend  Titans  Chariot  quite  asunder, 
But  Joue  being  King ,  &c. 

3  This  Planetary  warre, 

Unto  ours  may  compare, 

which  hath  wasted  three  gallant  stately  Nations, 
For  Pride  against  their  King, 

Made  their  Cannons5  loud  to  ring, 

yet  they  sweeten’d  our  hearts  by  Proclamations, 
With  many  a  faire  pretence, 

They’d  make  glorious  their  Prince, 

they  have  chopt  him  and' s  honor  quite  asunder 
But  Jove  being  King , 

His  lightning  down  will  fling , 

and  hee'l  make  the  Elements  to  thunder . 

4  Although  Charles  be  dead, 

We  do6  owne  another  Head, 

the  second  of  that  most  Royall  Name, 

Though  fortune  doe  frown, 

It  is  Charles  must  weare  the  Crown, 

see  see  the  dog-star  eclipses  all  his  fame, 

But  his  luster  shineth  forth, 

From  the  South  unto  the  North, 

4  Typhoeus  (Typhon),  son  of  Gea. 

6  Text  Cannos.  6  Text  de. 


286 


GALLANT  NEWS  FROM  IRELAND 


from  the  East  to  the  West  all  doe  wonder , 

But  Jove  being  King , 

His  lightning  down  doth  fling, 

&  will  make  all  the  elements  to  thunder. 

5  Then  cheere  up  brave  Boyes, 

Which  are  the  Kingdoms  Ioyes, 

for  Ormond  ore  Ireland  is  Victor, 

Lord  Inchequin  hath  taine, 

Tredah  with  all  its7  traine, 

it’s8  far  better  then  any  Coblers  Lector. 

Dundalk  and  strong  Trim , 

For  the  happinesse  of  him, 

I  meane  Charles  the  Peoples  greatest  wonder. 
But  Jove  being  King  &c. 

6  The  Irish  Harpes  in  tune, 

And  since  the  month  of  June, 

eight  of  their  chiefest  Garrisons  be  taken, 

Towns,  Cities  and  strong  forts, 

As  Intelligence  ryports, 

have  been  stormed,  by  them  were  quite  forsaken, 
Their  Cannons  loud  will  rattle, 

To  invite  them  to  a  battle, 

big  ambition  will  swell  it  self  asunder. 

For  Jove  being  King, 

His  lightning  down  doth  fling, 

&  heed  ma[ke ]  all  the  Eleme?i\tsY  to  thunder. 


7  Text  it’s. 

8  Text  ’its. 

9  Text  Eelemen[]  (torn  and  blurred). 


39 

A  hymn  to  Cromwell 

This  ballad  is  printed  at  the  end  of  a  prose  pamphlet  called  “A 
Curse  Against  Parliament- Ale.  With  a  Blessing  to  the  Juncto ;  a 
T hanks giving  to  the  Councel  of  State-,  and  a  Psalm  to  Oliver  .  .  . 
Nod-nol:  Printed  for  the  good  of  the  State.  1649”  (E.  575  (33)), 
which  Thomason  bought  on  October  25,  1649.  It  is  a  fine  example 
of  the  daring  and  pointed  satires  Royalist  writers  heaped  upon  the 
leaders  of  Parliament  and  especially  upon  the  rubicund  nose  of  the 
“brewer”  Cromwell  (cf.  pp.  71—72).  As  Cromwell  had  succeeded  his 
uncle,  Sir  Thomas  Stewart,  in  1636,  as  farmer  of  the  cathedral  tithes 
at  Ely,  he  is  in  stanza  7  called  “the  Ely  Bull.”  A  burlesque  from 
beginning  to  end,  the  ballad  (which  deals  ostensibly  with  the  same 
subject  as  No.  38)  is  not  distinguished  for  veracity.  Various  defeats 
were  inflicted  upon  Parliament’s  forces  by  the  Earl  of  Inchiquin  and 
Hugh,  Viscount  Montgomery  of  Ards,  before  Cromwell  captured 
Drogheda  j  after  that  time  an  almost  unbroken  string  of  victories  re¬ 
sulted  from  Cromwell’s  leadership.  Neither  Ireton  nor  Peters  (cf. 
No.  75)  nor  Michael  Jones  was  dead  when  the  ballad  appeared.  Its 
“historical  facts,”  as  well  as  the  tune,  seem  to  have  been  invented 
especially  for  use  in  this  particular  “psalm.”  That  the  psalm  was 
popular  among  Cromwell’s  enemies  can  hardly  be  doubted. 


288 


A  HYMN  TO  CROMWELL 

3  Hymne  to  C*0jHWei. 

To  the  Tune  of,  Let  Cromwels  Nose  alone. 

1  Sing  old  Noll  the  Brewer,  sing  old  Noll  the  Brewer, 
With  his  Copper-face,  and  Ruby-iV^^,  now  is 

Routed  sure : 

Let  Cromwels  nose  still  reign ,  let  Cromwels  nose 
still  reign , 

Tis  no  disgrace  to  his  Copper-face ,  to  Brew  strong 
Ale  again . 

2  Tredagh  he  took  by  Storm,  and  there  he  got  much 

Riches ; 

But  Ards  and  Inchiguin ,  has  made  him  wrong  his 
Breeches. 

Let  Cromwels  Nose  still  Reign ,  &c. 

3  Trim  and  Dundalk  was  quit,  and  Noll  did  forward 

go; 

Before  he  at  Killkenny  came,  A  lack  and  alasse 
for  wo. 

Let  Cromwels  Nose  still  reign ,  let  Cromwels  Nose 
still  reign , 

Tis  no  disgrace  to  his  Copper-face ,  to  Brew  strong 
Ale  again. 

4  Ormond  with  Irish  stout,  did  Charge  him  in  the  Van, 
And  gave  him  there  a  Rowt,  that  kill’d  both  Horse 

and  Man. 

Let  Cromwels  Nose  still  Reign ,  &c. 

5  Tredagh  is  now  Regain’d,  the  Mount  was  never 

tane; 


289 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Most  People  now  do  think,  that  he  will  end  his 
Reign. 

Let  Cromwels  Nose  still  reign ,  &c. 

6  Hugh  Peters  lay  for  dead,  and  said  he  was  not  well, 
One  striping  him,  he  said,  He  new  came  out  of  Hell. 
Let  Cromwels  Nose  still  reign ,  &c. 

7  Ireton  was  found  dead,  J ones  had  his  deadly- blow, 
Which  made  the  Ely  Bull  to  Roar,  Bellow,  and  Loe. 
Let  Cromwels  Nose  still  reign,  <5V. 

8  Sure  Lilly 1  was  a  Witch,  that  did  perswade  his  stay, 
But  he  without  his  Breech,  to  Ireland  would  away. 
Let  Cromwels  Nose  still  reign,  &c. 

9  Now  they  have  hem’d  him  up,  within  a  Castle  sure, 
The  luncto  little  think,  what’s  Lordship  doth 

endure. 

Let  Cromwells  nose  still  reign,  &c. 

10  They  now  doe  say  the  Lawrd,  did  their  great  Cause 

betray, 

And  sent  them  all  to  heaven — the  clean  contrary 
way . 

Let  Cromwells  nose  still  reign,  &c. 

1 1  Thus  every  Tyrant  thrives,  and  every  Traytor  shall, 
Ayming  to  reach  a  Crowne,  into  Perdition  fall. 

Let  Cromwells  Nose  still  reign,  let  Cromwels  Nose 
still  reign, 

Tis  no  disgrace  to  his  Copper-face,  to  Brew  strong 
Ale  again . 

290 


1  See  No.  25. 


4° 

The  wily,  witty,  pretty  damsel 

Manchester,  I,  40,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  two  woodcuts,  slightly 
mutilated.  The  date  is  about  1649.  The  ballad  is  very  poorly  printed. 
The  spelling  and  punctuation  are  unusually  bad. 

John  Hammond  here  prints  the  adventures  in  love  of  a  soldier, 
just  returned  from  the  wars,  who  is  in  favorable  contrast  with  the 
Willy  of  the  following  ballad  (No.  41).  Songs  like  this  are  not 
without  value  for  the  information  they  give  of  social  conditions. 
The  treatment  of  the  theme,  however,  as  well  as  the  diction,  is 
altogether  conventional. 

The  tune  of  The  Oil  of  Barley  (or  Stingo )  is  given  in  Chappell’s 
Popular  Music ,  I,  305. 


s 


291 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


®be  toillp,  toittp,  neat,  anb  prittp,  SBamsell: 
VVInci)  to  a  gboulbtet  often  mabe  tfjijs  anaitoer, 

3  bare  not  boe  no  more  nor  tije  batfe  of  pour  fjanb  §?ir. 

To  the  tune  of,  The  Oyle  of  Barly. 

1  Not  long  agone, 

Walking  alone,2 

Abroad  to  take  the  aire,3 
Under  a  shaid, 

I  spyd  a  Maid, 

Both  beautifull  and  faire 
Sweetheart  quoth  I, 

In  courticy, 

To  make  me  somthing  boulder, 

Exchange  a  kisse, 

And  do  not4  misse, 

With  me  that  am  a  Souldier, 

Which  she  den? d. 

And  thus  replied. 

Being  ready  with  her  answer , 

Forheare  to  woe , 

For  1  dare  not  doe , 

No  more  nor  the  hack  of  your  hand  Sir. 

2  What  is  the  cause 
My  bony  Lasse, 

That  thou  shouldst  now  deny  mee 
I  in  my  Love 
Will  constant  prove, 

If  thou’lt  be  pleas’d  to  try  mee 

1  Comma.  2  Text  a[]one.  8  TV*/ a [] re  *  7V*/ donot. 

292 


THE  WILY,  WITTY,  PRETTY  DAMSEL 

Then  about  the  wast, 

I  her  embrast, 

And  in  plaine  termes  I  told  her, 

I  would  her  beed, 

And  also  weed, 

If  she  would  love  a  Souldier, 

Which  she  denied  &c. 

3  lie  give  thee  Rings, 

And  costly  things, 

Fine  braslets  of  rich  amber, 

If  that  my  will, 

Thou  wilt  fullfill, 

And  walke  into  my  chamber, 

There  may  we  prove, 

The  tricks  of  Love, 

And  I  shall  be  more  bolder, 

When  as  I  see, 

Thou  wilt  agree, 

To  Love  a  valiant5  Souldier, 

Which  she ,  &c. 

4  lie  deck  thee  brave 
And  thou  shalt  have, 

Both6  danty  faire  and  clothing, 

My  love  to  thee, 

Shall  be  so  free, 

He  let  thee  want  for  nothing, 

In  garments  gay, 

Each  holy  day, 

Thou  shalt  both  pearle  &  Gold  were 

1  Text  valiaut.  *  Text  Bo[]h. 


293 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Like  Loves  faire  Queene, 

Thou  shall  be  seene, 

If  thou  wilt  wed  a  Souldier, 

Which  she  &c. 

5  A  Bever  hat, 

Be  sure  of  that, 

lie  for  a  faring  give  thee, 

A  Silken  gowne, 

With  Lace  lade  downe, 

Sweet  heart  thou  maist  believe  me 
Warme  Muffes,  new  Ruffes, 
Bonelace7  and  Cuffes, 

Most  gorgious  to  behold  sure, 

If  thouls  love  mee, 

As  ice8  love  thee, 

Belive  me  as  a  Souldier, 

Which  she  &c. 

Cf }t  geconb  part,  tfje  game  3Tune. 

6  A  Souldiers  wife 
Lives  a  merry  life. 

And  ’tis  a  type  of  honour, 

In  every  place, 

To  have  the  grace, 

Of  Mistris  put  upon  her. 

Which  honour  brave, 

Thy  selfe  shall  have, 

Then  prethy  Love  be  bolder, 

Be  not  so  coy, 

Let  me  inioy, 

7  Text  Bonelece.  8  I.e.y  I’se. 


294 


THE  WILY,  WITTY,  PRETTY  DAMSEL 


Thy  love  and  be  a  Souldier, 

Which  she  denied , 

And  thus  replied 

Being  ready  with  her 9  answer , 

Forbare  to  woe , 

For  I  dare  not  doe , 

No  more  nor  the  back  of  your  hand  Sir. 

7  If  I  quoth10  she, 

Should  weed  with  thee, 

We  both  might  faile  in  carrage, 

My  age  is  greene, 

I’me  scarce  fifteene, 

’Tis  a  little  to  young  for  marrage, 

.  Without  delay, 

I  meane  to  stay, 

Tell  I  am  somthing  older, 

I  find  as  yet, 

I  am  unfit, 

To  meddle  with  a  Souldier, 

Therefore  azuay.  &cN 

8  There  are  young  men, 

Both  now  and  then, 

Whose  wits  are  very  nimble, 

They’le  cog  they’le  lie, 

They’le  falcyfie, 

They’le  flatter  and  desemble, 

Untell  they  have,12 
What  they  do  crave, 

And  after  wards  they  care  not, 

TV*?  his.  10  Text  puoth.  11  Comma.  12  Period. 


295 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

Therefore  be  still, 

If’t13  be  your  will, 

To  trust  you  Sir  I  dare  not, 

Forbeare  quoth  she , 

1  pray  let  be , 

Take  this  word  for  an  answer , 

Although  you  woe 
I  will  not  doe , 

No  more  nor  the  back  of  your  hand  Sir. 

9  I  in  some  part: 

Could  find  in  heart, 

To  leave  for  thee  my  dear, 

My  madenhead, 

Which  I  have  kept, 

Almost  this  fifteene  yeare, 

But  if  with  shame, 

Yould  staine  my  name, 

It  would  be  my  undoing 
Wherefore  kind  Sir, 

I  pray  stand  farre, 

And  leave  your  desprat  wofoing.] 

Pish  fie  be  gone , 

Let  me  alone , 

Take  this  word  for  an  answe\rf\ 

Forbeare  to  woe , 

For  I  dare  not  doe , 

No  ?nore  nor  the  back  of  your  hand  [&>.] 

10  I  knew  a  Maid, 

That  was14  betraid, 

Text  I’ ft.  14  Text  wat. 

296 


THE  WILY,  WITTY,  PRETTY  DAMSEL 

Her  name  was  pritty  Nelly , 

A  young  man  staid, 

And  with  her  plaid, 

Till  he  got  up  her  belly, 

Which  being  done, 

Away  he  rune, 

He  being  but  a  stranger, 

Which  makes  me  say, 

As  well  I  may, 

Much  trusting  breeds  much  danger 
Therefore  &c. 

1 1  When  I  had  beene, 

So  long  and  seene, 

This  Damsells  disposion, 

We  both  departed, 

Merry  hearted, 

She  having  made  condision, 

For  me  to  stay, 

Untell  the  day, 

That  I  returne  from  Gloster. 

To  end  all  strife, 

Shee’le  be  my  wife, 

She  sayes  what  ere  it  cost  her, 

And  thus  the  feast , 

I  have  exprestf 5  &c. 

Printed  by  Iohn  Hammond. 


Text  exprect. 


297 


41 

There  I  mumpt you  now 

Manchester,  II,  41,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

Here  is  a  side-light  on  social  conditions  that  followed  the  war. 
Francis  Grove  was  a  law-abiding  citizen,  who  trimmed  his  sails  to 
the  wind:  naturally,  then,  this  sheet  from  his  press  has  for  its  “hero” 
a  discharged  soldier  of  Parliament,  whose  valor  against  the  Cavaliers 
is  attested  by  wounds  and  scars.  Unhappily,  however,  Willy  is  a  gay 
Lothario — more  of  a  Cavalier  by  nature,  it  appears,  than  a  Round- 
head — whose  promiscuous  amours  are  only  too  well  known  to  his 
former  sweetheart  Meg.  She  denounces  him  roundly,  boasts  of  the 
honest  suitors  at  her  choice,  sends  the  soldier — thoroughly  “mumped” 
— about  his  business,  and  urges  other  maids  to  follow  her  example. 
The  date  of  the  ballad  is  about  1649.  A  year  later  Willy  might  have 
run  foul  of  the  Adultery  Act  (May,  1650).  Amorous  exploits  similar 
to  Willy’s  make  up  a  considerable  part  of  Richard  Head  and  Francis 
Kirkman’s  English  Rogue-  (1665). 


298 


THERE  I  MUMPT  YOU  NOW 


{Kfjere  $  mumpt1  pou  noto:  at, 
jWumpmg  Megs  resolution  &  lobe  to  fter  olb  ^>toeetf)eart 

Whom  now  she  hath  rejected , 

And  makes  him  for  to  know , 

How  ill  he's  been  affected , 

There  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now . 

To  the  Tune  of  lie  go  no  more  into  Scotland  for  to  lye. 

1  Sweet  Meg ,  behold  thy  Willy's  now 

returned  from  the  Wars, 

I  fought  against  the  Cavalires, 
behold  my  wounds  and  scars: 

Come  sit  thee  down  by  me  awhile, 
some  kindness  to  me  show, 

And  thou  shalt  see 

That  thy  Willy  loves  thee  now. 

2  What  is  the  cause  thou  art  so  coy,2 

Sweet-heart  now  tell  to  me: 

Whats  that  to  thee,  thou  sawcy  knave 
but  fools  must  medling  be. 

Think  not  to  play  the  lack  with  me, 
your  tricks  too  well  I  know: 

Ha,  ha,  good  Sir. 

There  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now. 

3  Let  me  but  touch  thy  hand,  sweet-heart 

what  doth  that  mumping  mean? 

Alas,  good  Sir,  your  snapping  short 
do’s  make  you  look  so  lean: 

1  Text  mnmpt.  2  Period. 


299 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


You  think  to  make  a  fool  of  me, 
if  that  you  knew  but  how : 

Hands  off,  forbear, 

There  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now . 

4  I  do  remember  well  the  time 

ere  first  to  Wars  thou  wentst, 

Thou  hadst  not  one  peny  in  thy  purse 
till  I  thee  money  lent: 

Thou  spentst  it  on  another  Wench, 
a  light  one,  this  I  know : 

Yet  lie  say  no  more, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now . 

5  Six  Milkmaids  met  at  Islington, 

’mongst  whom  there  was  much  strife 
Thy  promise  was  to  every  one, 
that  she  should  be  thy  wife : 
and  five  of  them  thou  got’st3  with  childe, 
more  cunning  knave  art  thou : 

Yet  lie  say  no  more, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now . 

6  An  honest  Maid  near  Billingsgate 

thou  also  hast  undone, 

Which  for  a  twelvemoneth  after  thee 
did  through  the  countreys  run; 

And  now  she’s  turned  Oyster  wench, 
and  lives  she  cares  not  how; 

But  lie  say  no  more, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now . 

7  Two  Lasses  in  the  count rey 

also  thou  didst  deceive, 

Text  thougot’st. 


300 


THERE  I  MUMPT  YOU  NOW 


Too  good  to  keep  thee  company 
and  yet  thou  didst  them  leave: 
The  one  of  them  will  follow  thee 
when  once  her  belly’s  low, 

Yet  lie  say  no  more, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now . 

8  Yet  after  all  this  Knavery 

thou  com’st  to  me  again, 

Thinking  to  have  my  company, 
although  it  is  but  vain: 

It  is  not  all  thy  flattery 
can  win  me  to  thy  Bow, 

Therefore  be  gone, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now . 

®fje  geconb  part,  GTo  tfje  game  tune. 

9  Since  that  your  mind  is  known  sir, 

henceforwards  lie  prevent 
The  keeping  of  such  company, 
lest  I  too  late  repent: 

I’d  better  be  unmarried  stil, 
then  match  I  know4  not  how, 

Yet  lie  say  no  more, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now . 

10  And  yet  I’ve5  other  sweethearts  store, 
which  for  my  favour  sues, 

I  think  no  less  then  half  a  score, 
whereon  to  pick  and  chuse : 

And  yet  the  worst  amongst  them  all 
is  not  so  bad  as  thou : 

4  2Y*/ knownot.  6  Text  Iv’e. 


301 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Yet  lie  say  no  more, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now. 


1 1  Ther’s  Andrew  the  Shoe-maker, 

whose  dealing  is  upright: 

And  Robin  Black  the  Currier, 
which  I  too  much  did  slight : 
lie  never  shake  off  such  a  man 
to  mach  with  thee  I  trow, 

Then  away,  be  gone, 

There  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now. 

12  Ther’s  honest  Tom  the  Taylor  too, 

he  might  go  thorough  stitch : 

If  I  should  match  with  such  a  man, 
I  should  be  wondrous  rich, 

Each  year  new  Gown  and  Petty-coat 
to  me  he  would  allow, 

Yet  He  say  no  more, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now. 


13  Fine  Frank  the  Woollen  drapers  man 
which  would  be  very  loath6 
To  see  my  children  naked  go, 
having  such  store  of  cloath: 

&  thinkst  thou  with  thy  nimble  tongue 
to  win  me  to  thy  Bow: 

No,  no,  forbear, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now. 


6  T ext  veryloath. 


302 


THERE  I  MUMPT  YOU  NOW 


14  Also  ther’s  George  the  Weavers  boy 

a  very  hansome  youth, 

I  love  that  Lad  with  all  my  heart, 
because  he  means  the  truth: 

I  scorn  to  deal  with  such  a  man, 
That  onely  loves  in  shew 
Be  gone  therefore, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now. 

15  Therefore  it  is  in  vain  to  stay, 

then  pray  you  Sir  be  gone, 

I  mean  to  have  an  honest  man, 
or  else  lie  marry  none: 
lie  never  leave  on7  honest  freind 
to  take  a  knave,  I  trow, 

Farewell,  good  Sir, 

There  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now. 

16  I  wish  all  other  Lasses  were 

according  to  my  minde, 

To  serve  all  such  Dissemblers 
as  they  deserve  by  kinde : 

He  thought  to  make  a  fool  of  me 
if  that  he  knew  but  how: 

But  was8  deceived, 

For  I  think  I  mumpt  you  now. 

London,  Printed  for  F.  G. 

1  l.e.,  one.  8  Text  Butwas. 


3°3 


42 

ballad 

Printed  in  B.  L.  at  the  end  (pp.  7—8)  of  a  pamphlet  called  “The 
Rebells  Warning-Piece ;  Being  Certaine  Rides  and  Instructions  left 
by  Alderman  Hoyle ,  .  .  .  who  hanged  himself  Ianuary  30.  With 
a  ..  .  new  Ballad  on  the  loathed  Life  and  sudden  Death  of  Sir 
Philip  E.  of  Pembroke.  Printed  for  the  good  of  the  State.  1650” 
(E.  593  (13)).  Thomason’s  date  is  February  19,  1650. 

Philip  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke  (1584—1650),  is  perhaps  re¬ 
membered  by  many  students  of  literature  chiefly  because  to  him  and 
to  his  brother  the  first  folio  of  Shakespeare’s  plays  was  dedicated. 
He  was  especially  hated  by  the  Royalists  because  after  a  long  period 
of  service  with  the  King — he  was  Lord  Chamberlain  from  1626  to 
1641 — he  had  espoused  the  cause  of  Parliament.  Michael  Oldisworth 
(1591-^.1654),  M.P.,  his  secretary,  was  supposed  to  be  Pembroke’s 
adviser  and  to  lead  him,  as  Anthony  Wood  phrased  it,  by  the  nose. 
Many  libels,  ballads,  and  vicious  pamphlets  followed  upon  Pembroke’s 
death  (January  23),  several  of  them  masquerading  as  the  work  of 
Oldisworth  himself. 

The  State  would  have  wreaked  dire  vengeance  upon  the  author  and 
printer  of  this  ballad  had  it  been  able  to  detect  them.  The  author 
had  a  sense  of  humor  that  is  almost  ferocious.  The  cause  of  Pem¬ 
broke’s  death,  as  he  saw  it,  was  an  inadvertent  hand-clasp  given  him 
by  the  Devil.  Belief  that  devils  or  spirits  brought  death  or  mutila¬ 
tion  at  a  touch  is  very  common.  For  example,  in  Scott’s  Eve  of  Saint 
John ,  the  ghost  of  the  murdered  lover,  Sir  Richard  of  Coldinghame, 
touched  his  lady’s  hand,  and 

The  lady  shrunk  and  fainting  sunk, 

For  it  scorched  like  a  fiery  brand. 

And  forevermore  that  lady  wore 
A  covering  on  her  wrist. 

For  the  tune  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  198. 


3°4 


A  NEW  BALLAD 

SI  J^eto  JPallati. 

To  the  Tune  of  Chevy-Chase. 


1  Gods  blessing  guid  our  Royal  King 

with  Health  and  Victory, 

And  all  his  Foes  to  Justice  bring, 
or  else  like  Pembroke  die. 

2  Of  whose  late  end  I  now  must  write, 

that  all  his  Gang  may  know, 

The  desperate  end  attends  each  wight , 
who  lives  his  Soveraignes  Foe. 

3  Treason  was  still  his  onely  guide, 

he  steer'd  his  Actions  by, 

A  Foole  he  liv’d,  a  Mad-Man  dy’d, 
may  all  the  rest  so  dye. 

4  The  daily  Prayer1  that  he  made, 

with  Curses  were  attended, 

Began  with  Oaths  what  ere  he  said, 
and  with  God  dam  me  ended. 

5  Now  lest  the  world  should  misconceive 

the  reason  of  his  death, 

A  briefe  account  I  here  shall  give, 
what  stopt  his  stinking  breath. 

6  A  Counceller  he  long  time  had, 

besides  his  Oldisworth  still, 

By  whose  advice  grand  projects  laid, 
and  acted  by  his  will. 


1  Used  collectively  perhaps. 


Or  should  it  be  prayers ? 


30  5 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


7  The  Divell  in  mans  shape  appear’d, 

each  Evening  at  his  bed, 

And  every  Morne  his  Knight-ship  rear’d, 
and  him  to  counsell  led. 

8  But  now  by  chance  it  so  fell  out, 

they  too  Familliar  came, 

And  taking  leave,  ere  he  went  out, 
for  which  he  was  too  blame. 

9  He  needs  would  shake  him  by  the  hand 

but  that  prov’d  something  warme, 
which  made  him  curse  &  swearing  stand 
it  poysond  all  his  arme. 

10  And  tumbling  back,  the  devil  by  chance 

troad  on  his  Lordships  toe, 

Which  cast  him  in  a  sudden  Trance, 
and  provd  his  finall  woe. 

1 1  Both  leg  &  arme  did  Gangrene  straight 

black  as  his  durty  Soule, 

A  subtill  trick  it  was  in  faith, 
and  made  his  heart  soone  cold. 

12  And  then  upon  his  bed  hees  laid, 

but  yet  no  rest  can  take, 

His  conscience  cryes,  his  souls  betrayd 
even  for  his  moneys  sake. 

13  And  now  he  raves  like  one  distract, 

or  mad-man  out  ons  wits, 

(His  braines  before  long  time  being  crackt,) 
now  sweares,  now  prayes  by  fits. 

2  Parenthesis  not  closed. 


306 


A  NEW  BALLAD 


14  No  sooner  can  he  shut  his  eyes, 

but  straight  he  starts  againe, 

Take  heed,  take  heed,  aloud  he  cryes, 
the  Kings  alive  againe. 

15  His  gasping  groanes  Alarums  give 

unto  his  Brethren  deare, 

The  cursed  crew  that  yet  doe  live, 
that  they  their  ends  might  feare. 

16  Mildmay 3  take  heed,  the  Scots  are  come, 

the  King  will  hang  us  all, 

In  England  we  shall  have  no  roome, 
and  great  will  be  our  fall. 

17  Nothing  at  all  could  ease  his  mind, 

a  Legion  him  possest, 

His  treacherous  Conscience  could  not  find: 
one  houre  or  minutes  rest. 

18  Untill  at  last  a  Christian  Priest, 

this  Jew  came  to  convert, 

Who  had  before  bin  long  opprest 
for  being  a  Loyall  Heart. 

19  The  Common  Prayer  too  must  be, 

the  Prayer  that  he  must  heare, 

Which  erst  so  persecuted  he, 
neither  must  come  him  neere. 

20  Which  now  himselfe  he  curses  for, 

and  sees  his  Treasons  all, 

3  Sir  Henry  Mildmay  (fl664?),  formerly  master  of  Charles  Ps  jewel-house 
and  later  one  of  the  judges  at  his  trial. 

3°7 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Scarce  hoping  any  Mercie,  or 
Compassion  at  his  fall. 

21  Now  Rebels  all  a  warning  take, 

of  this  your  Noble  Peere, 

Consider  what  an  end  they  make 
that  live  so  damdly  here. 

22  And  Royall  hearts  be  constant  still, 

your  Soveraignes  Cause  advance, 
The  Evening  crowns  the  day,  &  will 
reward  your  present  chance. 


308 


43 

Articles  of  agreement 

Manchester,  II,  18,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts.  The  first 
column  is  badly  mutilated. 

It  is  surprising  to  find  that  this  seditious  ballad,  dating  early  in 
1650,  was  published  openly  with  the  initials  of  the  printer.  Charles 
II  had  been  proclaimed  King  at  Edinburgh  on  February  5,  1649 — 
six  days  after  the  execution  of  his  father.  Commissioners  from  the 
Scottish  Parliament  crossed  to  the  Netherlands  in  February,  1650, 
and  met  Charles  at  Breda  to  discuss  the  terms  upon  which  he  should 
take  up  his  rule.  They  stipulated,  among  other  things,  that  the 
Covenant  should  be  accepted  by  him  and  the  whole  nation,  and  that 
all  civil  affairs  should  be  determined  by  the  Parliament.  The  Royalist 
ballad-writer  represents  these  commissioners  and  Prince  Charles  in 
a  dialogue,  in  the  course  of  which,  with  all  amity  and  eagerness, 
Charles  agrees  to  their  demands.  The  actual  situation  was,  of  course, 
far  different. 

From  expediency,  Prince  Charles  sacrificed  his  convictions,  or  better 
his  prejudices.  He  loathed  the  Covenant.  On  August  18,  however, 
expediency  carried  him  still  farther  when  he  consented  to  sign  a 
declaration  acknowledging  his  father’s  blood-guiltiness  and  his  mother’s 
idolatry.  He  was  crowned  at  Scone  on  January  1,  1651;  accounts  of 
the  coronation  ceremony  were  printed  by  James  Brown  at  Aberdeen 
and  Robert  Ibbitson  at  London  (E.  793  (2),  669.  f.  15  (81)).  There  is 
a  striking  political  caricature  in  the  Thomason  tracts  (669.  f.  16  (13); 
John  Ashton’s  Humour ,  Wit ,  and  Satire  of  the  Seventeenth  Century , 
p.  403)  which  represents  “The  Scots  Holding  Their  Yovng  Kinges 
Nose  to  Ye  Grinstone.”  Here  Charles  is  made  to  say:  “For  revenge’s 
sake,  I  will  dissemble.”  It  is  noteworthy  that  in  ballads  Prince 
Charles  is  always  presented  as  being  most  unwilling  to  wage  a  war 
on  his  rebellious  subjects.  Perhaps  his  adherents  felt  that  apology  was 
needed  for  his  inactivity  before  and  after  the  battle  of  Worcester 
(September  3,  1651). 

For  the  tune  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  114. 

309 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Articles;  of  agreement  bettotxt  prince  Cijarl e£  anb 
ttje  parliament  of  ikotlanb,  brought  ober  bp  tfjetr 
Commissioners  from  ^ollanb, 

Scotland  now  hath  got  a  King , 

They  agree  in  every  thing , 

King  of  one  Kingdome  now  is  he , 

Who  we  kiiow  is  heire  to  three , 

No  man  knows  that  Kingdomes  fate , 

Nor  our  own  expos'd  to  hate , 

When  we  have  appeas'd  our  God , 

He  at  length  will  hurne  the  rod . 


To  the  tune1  of,  The  Lord  Willozvbies  March. 

1  The  news  from  Scotland  if  you’l  heare, 

I  purpose  to  resite, 

And  how  themselves  they  doe  prepare, 
with  the  English  for  to  fight: 
the  Prince  and  they 
agreed  they  say, 

And  they  acknowledge  him  their  King, 
and  protest 
they’l  doe  their  best 

Unto  England  him  to  bring. 

Scotland  now  hath  got  a  King , 
they  agree  in  every  thing. 

Long  may  our  neighbours  flourish. 

Prince. 

2  Stand  fast  and  be  not  you  dismayde, 

this  said  the  Prince  of  hearts, 

1  T ext  thetune. 


310 


ARTICLES  OF  AGREEMENT 


All  Christian  Princes  will  lend  us  aide, 
and  soone  will  take  our  parts, 

The  Sweade ,  the  Dane , 

[The]  King  of  S paine 

[They  have  agreed]  to  stand  my  friend, 
[My  king] dome 
[Soon  will  c]ome 

[Then  our  troubles  shall  have]  an  end. 

[. Scotland  now  hath  got  a  K]ing ,  &c. 

Scots. 

3  Most  noble  Prince  the  Scots  did  say, 

wee’l  live  and  dye  with  you, 

For  why4?  we  well  do  know  quoth  they, 
three  Kingdomes  is  your  due, 
in  distresse, 
heaven  blesse 

You  and  your  proceedings  all, 
and  your  friends 
who  intends 

Your  Enemies  shall  fall, 

Scotland  now  hath  got 2  a  King ,  &c. 

Prince. 

4  I  have  some  friends  in  merry  Scotland, 

and  a  many  enemies 

In  England  too  I  understand, 
heaven  open  all  their  eyes, 
that  they  may 
another  day 

Yeild  faire  England  here  their  right 
for  God  knowes 
against  my  foes 

3ii 


2  Text  gnt. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


I  am  unwilling  for  to  fight. 

Scotland  now  hath  got  a  King , 
they  agree  in  every  thing . 
hong  may  our  iieighbours  flourish .3 

VLfje  £econb  part,  to  tfje  £ame  tune. 

Prince. 

5  To  all  good  Articles  lie  agree, 

and  yeild  to  every  thing, 

So  I  may  have  one  Kingdome  of  three, 
and  raigne  your  Naturall  King, 
no  Popery 
nor  Sectary 

Shall  in  the  Kingdome  there  remaine,4 
nor  Bishops  sleeve 
your  Conscience  grieve, 

Shall  in  the  Kingdome  there  remaine.4 
Scotland  now  hath  got  a  King , 
they  agree  in  every  thing , 
hong  may  our  neighbours  flourish .3 

Scots. 

6  The  Presbyterian  Government 

we  doe  desire  may  stand, 

That  you  shall  act  with  your  Parliament 
for  the  good  of  your  Land, 
if  you  agree, 
then  we  shall  be 
A  happy  Nation  in  your  choice, 
strife  shall  cease, 
and  we  have  peace 

Comma. 

The  repetition  of  this  line  is  no  doubt  a  printer’s  error. 

312 


ARTICLES  OF  AGREEMENT 


And  shall  have  cause  for  to  rejoyce. 

Scotland  now  hath  got  a  King,  &c. 

Prince. 

7  Your  Propositions  are  so  faire, 

I  can  them  not  denye 

But  you  must  then  with  me  adheare, 
against  all  cruelty,0 
plundered  land 
out  of  hand 

You  shall  suddenly  restore 
unto  those 
you  count  your  foes,° 

My  Fathers  friends  that  are  made  poore. 

Scotland  now  hath  got  a  King ,  &c. 

Scots. 

8  Upon  condition  they  shall  not 

in  Parliament  ere  sit. 

For  why4?  their  deeds  are  not  forgot, 
it  is  a  thing  unfit, 
also  this 
is  not  amisse, 

And  an  Act  of  Oblivion  shall  be  made 
excepting  those 
that  are  your  foes, 

That  have  your  Fathers  life  betray’d. 

Scotland  now  has  got  a  King ,  &c. 

9  The  Prince  agreed  to  every  thing, 

now  Scotland' s  like  to  thrive, 


punctuation. 


313 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

They  cannot  they  say,  be  without  a  King, 
though  they  in  vaine  did  strive, 
they  invite 
their  delight, 

The  Prince  of  Wales  unto  the  Crowne, 
they  protest 
they’l  doe  their  best, 

For  to  beat  False-hood  quite  down. 

Scotland  now  has  got  a  King , 
they  agree  in  every  thing , 

Kong  may  our  neighbours  flourish .c 

London ,  Printed  for  A.  E. 


c  Comma. 


3>4 


44 

The  lady  s  lamentation 

C.  20.  f.  14(32),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

This  ballad,  like  No.  43,  appeared  (in  1651)  with  the  name  of 
its  printer,  Richard  Burton,  notwithstanding  the  remarkable  nature  of 
its  subject-matter.  It  is  a  striking  lament  for  the  exile  of  Charles  II 
and  for  the  usurpation  of  his  throne  by  Cromwell.  The  allusions  in 
the  first  part  are  loosely  veiled;  but  almost  any  reader  or  hearer  would 
have  known  that  the  “ Black-bird  most  Royall”  was  the  swarthy  Prince 
Charles.  In  the  second  part,  all  disguise  is  thrown  aside,  and  the 
lady  openly  refers  to  Charles’s  adventures  in  Scotland,  to  his  defeat 
at  Worcester,  and  to  the  murder  of  his  father,  at  the  same  time  ex¬ 
pressing  a  determination  to  seek  him  out,  wherever  he  be,  to  share 
his  fortunes. 

The  tune  of  the  Highlanders'  March  is  given  in  the  Dancing 
Master ,  1665,  as  is  noted  in  Chappell’s  Pofular  Music ,  II,  784.  A 
Euing  ballad  (No.  160)  names  it  The  Highlanders  March ,  or  General 
Monckls  Right  March. 


3 1 5 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


®I je  Unties  lamentation, 
jfor  tije  loSSe  of  fjcr  Hanb>lort). 

The  Tune,  Highlander* s  March} 


l  All  in  a  fair  morning  for  sweet  recreation, 

I  heard  a  fair  Lady  was  making  great  moan, 
Sighing  and  sobbing  with  sad  lamentation 

saying,  her  Black-bird  (most  Royall)  is  gone. 
O  Fates  that  have  me  deceived 
with  sorrow  much  grieved, 
lie  be  reprieved, 
from  sad  misery. 

Else  I,  as  duty  doth  bind  me, 
and  Cupid  assign’d  me, 

1  Text  Ma[}ch. 

316 


THE  LADY’S  LAMENTATION 


lie  find  out  my  true  lovep 
where  ever  he  he. 

2  Once  with  much  excellency  my  Love  did  fleurish, 

&  was  the  chief  flower  that  England  did  spring, 
All  vertue  bequeath’d  him  his  person  to  nourish, 
as  if  he  by  lineage  had  come  from  a  King. 

But  now  this  fond  fickle  Fortune 
whose  wheel  is  uncertaine,2 
That  causes  this  parting 
betwixt3  him  and  me. 

The4  aliue  doe  remaine 
in  France  or  in  Spain 
lie  find  out  my  true  love 
where  ever  he  he. 

3  The  birds  in  the  green  woods  are  mated  together 

the  Turtle  is  chosen  to  be  with  the  Dove, 

So  I  am  resolved  come  fair  or  foul  weather, 
this  Spring  for  to  find  out  my  Lord  and  my  love, 
Tis  he  that  is  my  hearts  treasure, 
my  joy,  and  my  pleasure, 

And  having  such  leisure 
most  sweetly  lie  flee, 

For  he  is  valiant  and  kind, 
and  faithfull  in  mind, 
lie  find  out  my  true  love 
where  ever  he  he. 

4  Both  youngmen  &  Maidens  now  chuse  by  election, 

then  why  should  not  I  and  my  true  love  be  joyn’d4? 

2  Period.  3  Text  bewixt.  4  Read  If  he. 

3 1 7 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


To  heaven  I  will  pray  for  a  blessed  protection, 
to  make  me  succesfull  my  Landlord  to  find, 

His  wings  are  fatally  clipped 
and  absolutely  stripped, 

With  thier  woes  nipped, 
which  humbleth  me. 

If  he  his  fame  do  advance 
in  Spain ,  or  in  France 
lie  find  out  my  true  love 
where  ever  he  he. 

seconfo  part  to  tf?e  £ante  QLxmt. 

5  In  Scotland  my  dearest  and  I  were  together, 

while  he  was  couragious  and  noble  in  heart, 

A  wo  is  the  time  when  last  we  came  hither, 

O  then  he  was  forced  away  to  depart. 

Though  he  in  Scotland  was  deemed, 
and  Royall  esteemed, 

A  Stranger  seemed 
in  England  to  bee, 

But  I  as  duty  doth  bind  me 
and  Cupid  assign’d  me, 
lie  find  out  my  true  love 
where  ever  he  he. 

6  At  W or s ter  being  routed,  O  sad  lamentation, 

for  sorrow  amongst  us  was  wonderfull  rife, 
Dispersed  and  scattered  quite  thorow  the  Nation, 
tis  well  that  he  scaped  away  with  his  life. 

Else  he  had  layn  with  his  father 
intered  together, 

So  leaving  his  mother 
in  sad  misery, 


3i8 


THE  LADY’S  LAMENTATION 


If  he  alive  do  remain 
in  France  or  in  Spain , 
lie  find  out  my  true  love 
where  ever  he  he, 

7  If  that  the  Fowlers  my  Black-bird  had  takene, 

then  sighing  and  sobbing  had  been  all  my  tun 
Although  for  a  while  he  hath  me  forsaken, 

I  hope  for  to  find  him  in  May  or  in  June. 
lie  go  thorow  water  and  fire, 
throw  mud,  and  thorow  mire 
My  love  is  intire 
in  every  degree. 

I  know  he  is  valiant  &  kind, 
and  faithfull  in  mind, 
lie  find  out  my  true  love 
where  ever  he  he. 

8  It  is  not  the  Ocean  shall  fear  me  with  danger, 

for  now  like  a  pilgrim  ile  wander  forlorn, 

A  man  may  find  more  love  fro  one  that’s  a  stranger 
then  he  that  is  native,  an  English-man  born. 

Ile  pray  that  heaven  may  be  gracious 
to  England  so  spacious, 

Though  some  be  audacious 
to  him  and  to  me. 

If  he  his  fame  do  advance 
in  S paine  or  in  France ,5 
lie  find  out  my  true  love 
where 6  ever  he  he. 

Printed  for  Richard  Burten  at  the  Horseshooe  in 
Smith  field,  1651. 

*  Period.  6  Text  w  4*  re. 

319 


45 

The  character  of  a  time-serving  saint 

669.  f.  16  (53),  roman  and  italic  type,  two  columns,  no  woodcuts. 
Thomason’s  date  is  June  5,  1652. 

This  interesting  defense  of  the  Ranters,  by  a  member  of  that 
belief,  is  a  vigorous  attack  on  the  Saints  who  live  luxuriously  while 
poverty  gaps  at  every  corner.  Lockier,  a  quack-doctor,  lived  for  many 
years  after  writing  this  sheet.  There  is  an  engraving  of  him,  labelled 
“Lionel  Lockier  Physitian,”  prefixed  to  his  An  Advertisement ,  Con¬ 
cerning  those  most  Excellent  Pills  Called  Pillulae  Radijs  Solis  Ex- 
tractae.  Being  An  Universal  Medicine  (17  pp.,  1664).  The 
pills  there  described  (they  are  laughingly  referred  to  in  Samuel 
Butler’s  Characters ,  ed.  Waller,  p.  63)  were  warranted  to  cure  almost 
every  ailment  or  disease,  and  were,  so  the  pamphlet  informs  us,  sold 
by  forty-five  dealers  throughout  England.  They  had,  however,  been 
attacked  by  “G.  S.”  (in  a  “scurrillous  pamphlet  written  by  a  pittiful 
rayling  Sneak”)  in  1657,  as  a  letter  “from  a  person  of  Quality,” 
appended  to  the  Advertisement ,  discloses.  This  letter,  in  turn,  was 
promptly  answered  by  George  Starkey,  M.D.,  on  December  9,  1664, 
in  A  Smart  Scourge  for  a  Silly ,  Sawcy  Fool.  Being  An  Answer  to  a 
Letter ,  at  the  End  of  a  Pamphlet  of  Lionell  Lockyer ,  ( quondam  and 
lately )  Botcher ,  now  ( tandem  aliquando ,  nu^er  quidern)  drest  U'p 
with  the  Title  of  Licensed  Physician.  Starkey  leaves  Lockier,  whom 
he  describes  as  “a  Botcher  in  Southwark,”  with  hardly  a  shred  of  repu¬ 
tation,  and  demolishes  his  pills  with  refreshing  invective.  It  may  be 
worth  adding  that  Starkey  was  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in 
1646,  practiced  medicine  in  Boston,  went  to  London  in  1650,  and 
died  there  of  the  plague  in  1665. 

The  Blasphemy  Act  of  August  9,  1650,  was  directed  largely  at 
the  Ranters.  It  provided  a  penalty  of  six  months’  imprisonment  for  a 
first  offense  and  banishment  with  prohibition  of  return  for  a  second 
offense  in  affirming  that  acts  of  gross  immorality  were  indifferent,  or 
even  positively  religious.  Gardiner  ( History  of  the  Commonwealth 

32° 


CHARACTER  OF  A  TIME-SERVING  SAINT 


and  Protectorate ,  I,  395)  remarks  that  the  Ranters  “carried  to  an  ex¬ 
treme  the  principle  of  inward  conviction  which  was  the  basis  of 
Puritanism,  holding  that  ‘swearing,  drunkenness,  adultery,  and  theft 
were  not  sinful  unless  the  person  guilty  of  them  apprehended  them 
to  be  sod  ”  In  the  popular  view,  then,  Ranters  were  believed  to  hold 
meetings  for  the  single  purpose  of  clothing  sensual  indulgence 
under  the  name  of  religion.  That  Lockier’s  ballad  helped  to  change 
this  view  is,  of  course,  improbable. 

The  Three  Cheaters  is  the  tune  of  a  ballad,  dating  about  1660, 
in  the  Earl  of  Crawford’s  Collection,  No.  314,  but  I  have  found  no 
further  information  about  it. 


321 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


®Ije  iER  <0f  8  ®tme=getbtttg 

®be  Ui’pocrttc  attatomijelr,  anl)  tljorotult;  tuSSccteti. 

To  the  Tune  of  the  three  Cheaters. 

1  The  Heavens  do  frown,  the  earth  doth  groan, 
To  hear  the  poor  man  make  his  moan: 

The  God  of  love  doth  hear  the  cry 
Of  the  poor  Widowes  misery; 

And  eke  the  fatherlesse  complaint 
Which  they  make  of  the  formall  Saint : 

2  For  they  advance  themselves  in  pride, 

And  care  not  what  to  th’  poor  betide, 

And  all  that  hold  community,1 

By  them  as  Ranters  counted  be. 

But  mark  me  well,  and  then  you’l  say, 

No  greater  Ranters  live  then  they. 

3  To  feed  the  hungry,  and  naked  cloath, 

It  is  a  work  they  much  do  loath. 

They  deck  themselves  in  brave  attire, 

Whilst  poor  go  wetshod  in  the  mire. 

With  laces  brave  themselves  they  paint, 

An  ornament  fit  for  a  Saint. 

4  Fine  Holland  under  Cipresse  black 
About  their  neck  and  down  their  back : 
Whether  it  be  for  warmth  or  pride, 

I  know  it’s  easie  to  decide. 

But  all  this  while  the  poor  do  want 
That  which  is  wasted  by  the  Saint. 

1  Text  commnnity. 


322 


CHARACTER  OF  A  TIME-SERVING  SAINT 


5  You  gentle  Taylors,  that  would  see 
The  newest  fashions  which  there  be ; 

Do  but  the  meeting  place  frequent, 

And  then  you  shall  have  full  content. 

For  of  new  fashions  there’s  no  want, 

They  are  so  lookt  for  by  the  Saint. 

6  You  Shoe-makers,  which  are  compleat, 

And  fain  would  fit  a  foot  most  neat, 

Unto  the  Saints  assembly  go, 

For  a  high  heel,  and  a  long  toe, 

Although  the  poor  mans  foot  go  bare, 

New  fashion’d  shoes  the  Saints  will  weare. 

7  Next  unto  you  I  shall  repeat 
Their  superfluity  at  meat, 

How  they  must  have  rost,  bake’d  and  sod, 
As  if  their  belly  were  their  God. 

Preserves  and  sweet-meats  they’l  not  want; 
O  blessed  thing  to  be  a  Saint ! 

8  Their  Jack  must  run,  their  Pot  must  boyl, 
Their  Cook-maid  she  must  sweat  and  broyl ; 
On  their  Lords-Day  she’s  made  a  slave, 
That  they  their  dainty  cheer  may  have, 
Whilst  fatherlesse  and  hunger  faint, 

Such  care  is  had  to  feed  a  Saint. 

9  Whilest  they  are  in  the  Church,  and  pray, 
The  poor  man  in  the  porch  doth  lay; 
Having  no  house  to  hide  his  head, 

Nothing  but  straw  to  make  his  bed; 

And  he  in  vain  doth  make  complaint; 

For  there’s  no  pitie  in  the  Saint. 

323 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


10  Now  all  that  know  what  Ranting  means, 
Must  needs  confesse  it  is  those  sins, 
When  one  riotously  hath  spent 

That  which  his  fellow-creatures  want; 
But  this  the  Saints  are  frequent  in, 

And  guilty  of  that  Ranting  sin. 

1 1  Now  if  you  think  me  much  too  blame, 

I  shall  not  spare  to  write  my  name  ; 

I  will  not  bring  my  self  in  thrall ; 

Men  do  me  Lionel  Lockier  call; 

Others  by  the  name  of  Rant , 

Such  holy  words  flow  from  the  Saint. 


324 


46 

A  catch 

A  pretty  example  (without  a  title)  of  John  Crouch’s  skill  in  com¬ 
posing  or  in  selecting  songs  for  the  amusement  and  pleasure  of  his 
readers.  It  appeared  in  his  Mercurius  Democritus ,  June  8—16,  1652, 
p.  84.  I  do  not  know  the  tune.  On  Crouch’s  activities  cf.  pp.  58  If. 


[3  Catcl).] 

The  tune  is,  Hold  thy  nose  to  the  -pot  Tom ,  Tom. 

1  Bring  your  Lads  and  your  Lasses  along  Boyes, 

Wed  traverse  the  ground  with  a  Song  Boyes; 

Weed  sup  with  delight,  and  weed  shorten  the  night, 
And  our  mirth  shall  do  no  body  wrong  Boyes. 

2  We  will  sing,  we  will  sport,  and  weed  play  boyes, 
All  the  night  long  till  Jt  be  day  boyes ; 

Then  home  with  our  Lasses,  and  drink  wine  in 
glasses, 

And  honestly  for  it  weed  pay  boyes. 

3  Then  to  the  green  Woods  weed  repair  boyes, 

With  our  Lasses  that  looketh  so  fair  boyes ; 

Weed  dance  it  and  trip  it,  and  merrily  clip  it; 

And  shorten  the  houres  and  dayes  boyes. 


3^5 


47 

Christmas  carol 


This  pretty  carol  was  printed  in  Mercurius  Democritus ,  December 
8—16,  1652,  pp.  286—288.  W.  C.  Hazlitt  printed  a  version  of  it 
“from  an  Ashmolean  MS.”  in  his  Inedited  Poetical  Miscellanies . 
The  MS.,  which  he  did  not  specify,  is  Ashmole  36,  fol.  25:  the 
music  for  the  carol  is  also  pricked  there.  A  book  of  Christmas  Carroles 
was  registered  at  Stationers’  Hall  on  March  27,  1652  (Eyre’s 

Transcript ,  I,  393).  Evidently  the  legal  restrictions  on  Christmas 
festivities  did  not  affect  the  popularity  of  carols  or  the  demand  for 
them.  There  is  in  the  Bodleian  (Wood  110  (2))  a  much  earlier 
collection,  dated  1642,  called  Good  and  True ,  Fresh  and  Nezv 
Christmas  Carols  that  contains  several  songs  of  almost  equal  merit 
to  the  present  carol. 


326 


CHRISTMAS  CAROL 

Cljrtetmas&e  Carroll. 


1  Beat  up  a  Drum,  For  Winter  reignes, 

And  from  the  Plaines 
He  drives  the  Swaines, 

And  still  maintaines 
The  Title  of  a  King. 

2  Christmas  is  come  a  Champion  bold, 

Though  very  cold, 

He  vowes  to  hold, 

His  Honour  old, 

In  spight  of  youthfull  Spring. 

3  Fire  your  Beacons, 

Whet  your  Weapons, 

Kill  your  Capons, 

and  fall  on; 

As  it  fitts. 

Use  your  Spitts, 

Winter  lyes  a  bleeding, 

When  he  findes  you  feeding, 
all  his  force  is  gone. 

4  Christmas  early, 

Sounds  a  Parley, 

Juice  of  Barley, 

Crownes  the  Bowie: 

Make  him  cough, 

Cut  him  off, 

That  derides  a  Drinker, 

When  so  brave  a  Skinker, 
trouis  without  controwl. 

3^7 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


5  Arme,  Arm,  Arme, 

Behold  thy  foe, 

From  top  to  toe, 

In  Ice  and  Snow, 

Doth  puff  and  blow, 

his  fury  to  provoke : 
Dreadless  of  harme, 

Draw  Hogsheads  dry, 

Let  Flagons  fly, 

Make  fires  nose-hye, 

Aloud  cry, 

and  let  the  Chimney  smoak. 

6  Soundly  warme  him, 

That  will  charme  him; 

Then  disarme  him, 

he  obeyes; 

Now  he  flyes, 

Now  he  dyes, 

The  Retreat  is  sounded, 

Winter  is  confounded, 

Christmas  hath  the  day : 

7  All  renown  him, 

That  have  known  him, 
Conquest  crowne  him, 

’tis  his  due : 

Make  your  Chear, 

Once  a  year; 

For  his  sake  amend  it, 

And  now  this  old  year’s  ended, 

frolick  for  a  New. 


328 


48 

The  Salisbury  assizes 


Manchester,  I,  47,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts.  The  sheet 
is  badly  mutilated,  and  the  colophon  entirely  torn  away  except  for 
the  word  “Lon — ”  (London).  Missing  words  and  letters  are  supplied 
in  square  brackets. 

Mrs.  Anne  Bodenham,  of  Fisherton  Anger,  Wiltshire,  was  the 
subject  of  various  pamphlets.  One,  an  elaborate  forty-four-page 
account,  is  called  Doctor  Lamb  Revived ,  Or,  Witchcraft  condemn' d 
In  Anne  Bodenham  A  Servant  of  his  ...  by  Edmond  Bower  an  eye 
and  ear  Witness  of  her  Examination  and  Confession  (July  18,  1653). 
Another,  a  pamphlet  of  eight  pages,  gives  little  more  information 
than  is  contained  in  its  verbose  title:  Doctor  Lamb's  Darling :  OR , 
Strange  and  terrible  News  from  Salisbury ;  Being  A  true ,  exact ,  and 
perfect  Relation ,  of  the  great  and  wonderful  Contract  and  Engage¬ 
ment  made  between  the  Devil ,  and  Mistris  Anne  Bodenham ;  with 
the  manner  how  she  could  transform  her  self  into  the  shape  of  a 
Mastive  Dog ,  a  black  Lyony  a  white  Bear ,  a  Woolf ,  a  Bully  and  a 
Cat ;  and  by  her  Charms  and  Spels ,  send  either  man  or  woman  40 
miles  an  hour  in  the  Ayr.  The  Tryal ,  Examination ,  and  Confession 
of  the  said  Mistris  Bodenham ,  before  the  Lord  chief  Baron  Wild , 
&  the  Sentence  of  Death  pronounc' d  against  hery  for  bewitching  of 
An  Stiles ,  and  forcing  her  to  write  her  Name  in  the  Devils  Book 
with  her  own  blood ;  so  that  for  five  dayes  she  lay  in  cruel  and  bitter 
Torments ;  somtimes  the  Devil  ap fearing  all  in  black  without  a  heady 
renting  her  cloathsy  tearing  her  skiny  and  tossing  her  up  and  down 
the  chamber ,  to  the  great  astonishment  of  the  Spectators  (July  23, 
1653).  The  refrain  of  the  ballad  is  a  paraphrase  of  certain  words 
that  were  attributed  to  Mrs.  Bodenham.  Quoting  from  Dr.  Lamb's 
Darlingy  p.  4:  “The  maid  [Anne  Stiles]  coming  again  .  .  .  asked 
her  whether  she  approved  of  her  journey  for  London ;  the  Witch  re¬ 
plied,  Wilt  thou  go  to  London  high  or  low?  To  which  the  maid 
answered,  What  do  you  mean  by  that?  She  said,  If  you  will  go  on 

329 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


highy  you  shall  be  carry ed  to  London  in  the  Air,  and  be  there  in  two 
honrs  \sic\ ;  but  if  you  go  a  low,  you  shall  be  taken  at  Sutton  towns 
end ” 

Edmond  Bower  declares  that  the  witch  promised  him  to  make  a 
full  confession  at  the  gallows.  Arriving  there,  however,  “she  went 
immediately  to  goe  up  the  Ladder,  but  she  was  pulled  back  again  and 
restrained:  I  then  pressed  her  to  confesse  what  she  promised  me  she 
would,  now  before  she  dyed,  but  she  refused  to  say  any  thing.  Being 
asked  whether  she  desired  the  prayers  of  any  of  the  people,  she 
answered,  she  had  as  many  prayers  already  as  she  intended,  and  desired 
to  have,  but  cursed  those  that  detained  her  from  her  death,  and  was 
importunate  to  goe  up  the  Ladder,  but  was  restrained  for  a  while,  to 
see  whether  she  would  confesse  any  thing,  but  would  not;  they  then 
let  her  goe  up  the  Ladder,  and  when  the  rope  was  about  her  neck, 
she  went  to  turn  her  self  off,  but  the  Executioner  stayed  her,  and 
desired  her  to  forgive  him:  She  replyed,  Forgive  thee?  A  pox  on 
thee,  turn  me  off;  which  were  the  last  words  she  spake.” 

Contemporary  news-books  devoted  much  space  to  Mrs.  Bodenham’s 
alleged  crimes  and  to  her  punishment,  and  she  is  discussed  at  length 
in  William  Drage’s  Daimonomageia  (1665).  For  a  modern  study  of 
her  case  see  Professor  Wallace  Notestein’s  History  of  Witchcraft  in 
England,  1911,  pp.  210—213.  Mr.  Notestein  concludes  that  “there  is 
no  finer  instance  of  womanly  courage  in  the  annals  of  witchcraft  than 
that  of  Anne  Bodenham.” 

On  the  tune  (cf.  No.  22),  which  is  apparently  unknown,  see  the 
notes  in  my  Pefysian  Garland,  p.  283.  For  a  ballad  on  the  conjurer 
Dr.  John  Lamb  (f  1628),  whose  follower  Mrs.  Bodenham  was 
thought  to  be,  see  the  same  work,  pp.  276  ff. 


330 


THE  SALISBURY  ASSIZES 


[®be  i?al]t£i{mrp  Stores. 

[<SDr,  GTije  3S.cfco]artJ  of  Jllitcijciaft. 

Jgeing  a  true  delation  of  one  JJliStriS  Jloijnam  Jib¬ 
ing  in  Jfisfjerton  next  fjonse  but  one  to  tfje  <J£aUotoeg, 
toJjo  being  a  Witch  scbuceb  a  iSIait),  talleb  bp  name, 
Snne  Stiles,  to  tfje  same  abominable]  anb  betesteb 
action  of  Witchcraft;  tofjicfj  AT  V  itch  for  ttjat 
action  teas  executeb  tfje  19  bap  of  JMarcfj,  1653. 

To  the1  tune  of  Bragandary . 

1  When  men  and  Women  leave  the  way 

of  God,  and  goodnesse  quite, 

They  practice  mischief  every  day 
and  therein  take  delight 
The  Divel  then  is  nye  at  hand 
When  these  things  he  doth  understand, 

You  that  will  goe , 

High  or  low 
Resolve  upon  this  doubt . 

2  As  by  the  Story  you  shall  heare 

if  you  will  list  a  while 
The  Divell  lately  did  appeare; 

and  a  Woman  did  beguile 
But  she  did  make  the  way  before, 

And  in2  her  heart  did  him  adore.3 
You  that  will  goe ,  &c. 

3  In  Fisherton  this  dame  did  dwell 

of  conversation  bad 

She  did  converse  with  the  Divell  of  Hell, 

1  TV*/ ehe.  2  Text  lu.  8  No  period. 

33i 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


which  made  her  friends  all  sad, 

Unto  the  Divell  she  gave  her  soule 
Sealed  in  a  bloudy  scroule, 

You  that  will  goe ,  &c. 

4  Mistris  Bodnam  was  her  name, 

who  daily  undertook^ 

To  helpe  men  to  stolne  goods  againe, 

even  with  her  cunjuring  booke 

A  looking  glasse  she  had  likewise, 

To  shew  the4  Theeves  before  their  eves.5 

* 

You  that  will  goe ,  &c. 

5  Amonge  the  rest  a  Maid  then  went, 

her  name  was  Annis  Stiles 
About  stolne  goods  in  discontent 
but  the  Divill  her  beguiles.5 
The  Divill  did  the  Witch  perswade 
For  to  seduce  this  silly  maid.° 

You  that  will  goe ,  &c. 

6  She  gave  the  Maid  a  Looking  glasse 

on  which  she  looked  on 
But  at  the  length  it  came  to  pas 
she  was  to  soone  undone. 

For  want  of  wisdome  and  true  grace, 
She  was  undone  in  little  space, 

You  that  will  goe ,  &c. 

7  Sweet  heart  quoth  she  if  that  you  please, 

I  will  teach  you  my  art, 

4  Text  shewthe.  5  No  period. 


332 


THE  SALISBURY  ASSIZES 


So  you  may  live  in  wealth  and  ease 
according  to  your  heart.6 
If  you  your  Soule  the  Divell  will  give 
In  health  and  wealth  you  then  may  live, 

You  that  will  goe,  &c. 

8  To  soone  alas  she  did  consent 

and  seald  it  with  her  blood; 

Which  made  her  afterwards  repent, 
when  as  she  understood 
That  she  must  loose  the  joyes  of  heaven 
For  some  Toyes  unto  her  giuen.6 
You  that  will  goe , 

High  or  low , 

Resolve  upon  this  doubt , 

[tEfje  seconb]  p[a]rt  to  tfje  same  tune. 

9  At  length  it  came  for  to  be  known, 

how  she  had  simply  run 
Then  to  the  Witch  she  made  her  mone, 
and  said  she  was  undone.6 
She  said  to  London  she  would  flye, 

For  feare  least  both  of  them  should  dye, 
You  that  will  goe , 

High  or  low , 

Resolve  upon  this  doubt . 

10  The  Witch  was  willing  there  unto, 
and  bid  her  fly  with  speed 
She  was  at  Stockbridg  taken  though, 
for  that  notorious  deed, 

6  No  period. 


333 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


The  Divill  cast  her  to  and  froe 
As  all  the  company  did  know.7 

You  that  will  goe ,  &c.8 

1 1  When  in  the  chamber  she  came  in, 

the  Divell  tost  her  about 
She  askt  the  divell  where  heed  bin 
to  give  her  such  a  floute, 

Then  all  the  standers  by  amaz’d, 

Upon  each  other  then  they  gaz’d, 

You  that  will  goe ,  &c.8 

12  A  Gentlemen  great  paines  did  take, 

with  her  the  people  say, 

And  she  to  him  her  minde  did  breake 
and  for  her  he  did  pray. 

She  told  him  the  old  witch  was  cause 
That  she  had  broke  Gods  holy  lawes.7 
You  that  will  goe ,  &c . 

13  Foure  dayes  together  she  was  vext 

tormented  [g]rieviously 
And  in  her  mind  was  sore  perplex  [t] 
that  some  thought9  she  would  d[ye.] 
The  Divell,  like  a  Snake  apeard 
Which  all  the  country  people  feard.7 
You  that  will  goe ,  &c.8 

14  But  when  the  old  Witch  came  in  sight, 

then  did  she  take  her  rest, 

And  she  did  sleepe  well  all  that  night 
as  plainly  is  exprest, 

7  No  period.  8  Comma.  9  Text  somet  hought. 

334 


THE  SALISBURY  ASSIZES 


She  said  when  as  she  walkt  againe, 

She  praised  God  she  felt  no  paine.10 
Y ou  that  will  goe ,  &c. 

15  She  told  the  Gentleman  that  she 

would  tell  him  all  her  art 
And  that  he  should  inriched  be 
by  what  she  should  impart.10 
She  told  him  that  she  knew  full  well, 

She  should  be  a  great  Lady  in  hel, 

You  that  will  goe ,  &c. 

16  The  old  Witch  executed  was, 

this  moneth  the  19.  day, 

She  ever  had  a  face  of  Bras 
as  all  the  people  say, 

Insteed  of  pensiuenesse  and  prayer 
She  did  nought  but  curse  and  sware, 

You  that  will  goe ,  GV.11 

1 7  God  nothing  had  to  doe  with  her 

she  said  most  desperately 
She  swore  and  curst  and  kept  a  stur 
and  desperately  did  dye.10 
Let  all  good  people  therefore  say 
[They’ll  join  the]  ir  hearts  with  me  and  pray, 
\You  that  w]ill  goe 
\High  or  low 

Resolve  upon  this  doubt.  ] 

[jftnfe.] 


10 


11  Comma. 


No  period. 


335 


49 


669.  f.  17  (4).  This  striking  ballad  (which  has  no  title)  is  copied  out 
in  Thomason’s  own  hand  and  dated  May,  1653.  The  handwriting  is 
difficult  to  read  and  the  spelling  exceptionally  careless.  In  this  reprint 
the  capitalization  of  the  initial  words  of  the  lines  has  been  normalized, 
and  punctuation  is  supplied. 

The  indignant  author  compares  Charles  I  to  a  harmless  hare  chased 
and  torn  to  pieces  by  the  hounds  of  Parliament,  and  fears  that  the  royal 
children  will  next  be  hunted  out  and  slain.  Possibly  the  ballad  orig¬ 
inally  appeared  before  the  death  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth  (September 
8,  1650). 


336 


THE  HUNGRY  BLOODHOUNDS 

[®fje  ©ungrp  Jgloobfjounbs.] 


1  Haue  yw  the  hungrie  blodhownds1  seene 

that  late  did  pursewe 
A  harmlesse  hare,  that  once  hathe  beene 
preseident  to  there  vewe, 

2  Vntill  at  laste  they  Catcht  there  pray4? 

Eache  hownd  a  peece  did  beare, 

And  afterward  pursue  againe 
another  harmlesse  hare. 

3  Soe  did  the  berberous  Rebells  Chase 

our  soueraine  lord  the  kinge, 

And  hurrie  him  from  place  to  place 
vntill  at  last  they  bringe 

4  Him  to  their  Kennell,  wheare  each  fend, 

thurstinge  for  Royall  blod, 

Striues  to  giue  a  fatill  End 
to  all  the  kingdom’s  good. 

5  Dyd  yw  heare  the  Rebells  Crye 

to  percicute  the  kinge4? 

The  Murtheringe  of  his  Maiestie 
they  Count  soe  smale  a  thinge 

6  ’Twill  not  suffise;  they  meane  to  be 

his  Children’s  buttchers  to, 

Acttinge  theire  bloddie  Tragodie 
as  traitors  vse  to  doe. 


1  Text  blodhownd. 


337 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


7  This  treason  sure  was  hatcht  in  hell, 

and  pluto  sent  it  forth 
By  those  his  saruantes  he  loued  soe  well, 
and  shows2  the  world  theire  worth; 

8  And  Makes  them  which3  his  saruantes  are 

to  execute  his  will. 

When  he  Comandes,  thele  not  forbeare 
a  Thowsand  kinges  to  kyll. 


T ext  showe. 

The  word  which  is  undecipherable. 


5° 

A  constant  lover 

From  Mercurius  Democritus ,  August  31— September  7,  165  3,  pp. 
564—565.  John  Crouch’s  activity  in  supplying  ballad-material  in  his 
weekly  news-books  has  been  commented  on  in  the  Introduction, 
pp.  58  ff. 


constant  ICober  being  latelp  frobmeb  on  bp  an 
obstinate  Lady  (bisboto’b  JJlistris)  toritonbertbis 
affectionate  anb  brief  Sonnet  follototng* 

1  Cupid  thou  Boy,  I  prethee  Come  away 

with  thy  Bow  and  thy  Dart; 

Make  no  delay,  for  if  that  thou  shouldst  stay, 
I  must  render  my  Heart 
To  the  Bowells  of  earth, 

For  I  have  no  mirth, 

But  sorrow  and  grief : 

Oh  cure  and  relieve  me  by  Art. 

2  Oh  tell  me  why  so  peevish  and  so  Coy 

my  Parramour  is  growne : 

Doth  she  defie  me,  and  denie 
to  own  me  as  her  own? 

Oh  what  is  the  Cause? 

Have  I  broak  her  Laws? 

Have  I  been  unkinde? 

No,  as  the  Cause  is  none. 


339 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


3  Still  she  denies,  to  suffer  her  eyes 

to  glance  on  my  brow, 

Sadly  she  cryes,  vext  by  Injuries, 

Which  I  know  not  I  vow, 

Then  what  shall  I  doe, 

(with  grief)  I  tell  you 
That  my  Lady  is 
Offended,  and  I  know  not  how. 

4  What  has  she  had,  that  makes  her  so  sad? 

What  offence  hath  she  seen? 

Were  I  but  so  much  blest  as  to  know 

On  what  grounds  it  hath  been, 

I  much  would  lament, 

My  acts,  and  repent; 

Nay,  I  would  adore 
My  Dame  as  a  beautifull  Queen. 

5  She  hath  profest  she  loved  me  best, 

and  was  Loyally  bent: 

Therefore  I  will,  by  force ;  love  her  still ; 

Who  can  tell  her  Intent, 

I  (surely)  will  rest 
With  hope  in  my  Breast, 

(which  now  is  opprest) 

And  waite  for  a  future  event. 


340 


51 

Joyful  news  for  England 

C.  20.  f.  14  (23),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  two  woodcuts. 

Here  is  a  ballad  in  which  the  Lord  Protector  is,  at  least  by  impli¬ 
cation,  favorably  regarded:  obviously  the  ballad  was  licensed  by  Gilbert 
Mabbott  before  it  came  from  the  press.  It  is  an  adequate  piece  of 
journalism,  though  few  facts  of  the  actual  peace-terms  are  recited. 
The  author  had  a  pardonable  pride  in  the  international  importance  and 
influence  of  the  Commonwealth:  even  Cromwell’s  enemies  have  never 
denied  that  he  greatly  increased  the  power  and  prestige  of  England. 
But  the  naivete  of  the  author  leads  him  to  say  in  the  third  stanza  that 
“Englishmen  from  East  to  West  are  fear’d  and  lov’d  of  all,”  while  in 
the  fourth  stanza  he  describes  these  loving  powers  as  “our  envious 
Enemies,”  and  in  later  stanzas  breathes  a  defiance  to  all  people,  for 
“what  need  we  fear  danger  if  God  be  on  our  side?”  Sir  John  Trevor, 
member  of  the  Council  of  State,  Henry  Scobell,  Clerk  of  the  Council, 
and  John  Thurloe,  Secretary  of  State,  are  referred  to  in  the  prose 
passage  at  the  end.  According  to  Thurloe’s  own  story,  after  the  treaty 
was  signed  Cromwell  gave  a  banquet  to  the  Dutch  commissioners,  at 
the  conclusion  of  which  he  took  them  “into  another  room,  where  the 
Lady  Protectrice  and  others  came  to  us,  and  there  also  we  had  music 
and  voices,  and  a  psalm  sung  which  his  Highness  gave  them”  (Chap¬ 
pell’s  Popular  Music ,  II,  450).  A  considerable  number  of  poetic 
effusions  in  Latin,  Musarum  Oxoniensum  (1654),  that  were  composed 
on  the  Dutch-English  treaty  are  reprinted  with  translations  in  Poems 
on  A  fairs  of  State ,  1697,  vol.  I.  A  Dutch  broadside  that  has  a  series  of 
portraits  of  the  commissioners  is  described  in  the  British  Museum 
Catalogue  of  Satirical  Prints ,  I,  488. 

For  the  tune  cf.  No.  37. 


34i 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


fopfull  J^etoes  for  (Englanb,  anb  all  otfjer  $arts  of 
CfjrtStenbome,  tfjat  beares  goob  toill  to  tfjc  bappp 
agreement  of  |5<i££lC<£,  tofncb  past  bettoeene  Eng¬ 
land  anb  Holland ,  anb  Denmarke,  on  HTfjurfibap, 
April  tfje  6. 1654:  Ci)e  manner  ijoto,  tfje  place  tofjere 
anb  tbe  time  tofjcrt,  sfmll  be  beScrtbeb  tn  ttjis  folloto= 

ing  ©tscourse.1 

The  Tune  is,  Lord  Willoughby . 


1  Comma. 


342 


JOYFUL  NEWS  FOR  ENGLAND 

1  Now  comfortable  Tydings, 

is  come  unto  England , 

A  Peace  it  is  concluded 
as  I  doe  understand 
Betweene  the  English  and  the  Dutch , 
which  long  have  bin  at  Iarrs, 
this  bout  through  Gods  great  providence 
will  finish  up  the  Warrs: 

This  is  the  happiest  Newes  indeed , 
that  e'r  to  England  came , 

The  Dutch-men  will  be  friends  with  us , 
and  weed  be  friends  with  them . 

2  The  Noble  States  of  Holland , 

Embassadours  have  sent, 

To  England's  Lord  Protector, 
worse  dangers  to  prevent 
To  have  a  Peace  concluded, 
to  which  he  did  agree, 

That  bloody  wars  twixt  them  and  us, 
forth-with  should  ceased  be: 

This  is  the  bravest  Newes  indeed, 
that  e'r  to  England  came. 

The  Dutch-men  will  be  friends  with  us, 
and  wee  will  be  the  same . 

3  Also  from  other  Countryes 

the  Messengers  doe  hye, 

Both  France  and  many  Nations  more, 
with  England  to  comply: 

For  feare  of  dis-agreement, 
what  after  might  befall, 

343 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Thus  English-men  from  East  to  West 
are  fear’d,  and  lov’d  of  all, 

This  is  the  Noblest  Newes  indeed , 
that  e're  to  England  came , 

The  Hollanders  are  friends  with  us , 
and  wee  are  friends  with  them. 

4  The  Articles  of  agreement 

assuredly  runs  thus, 

That  ever-more  hereafter, 
they  shall  be  true  to  us : 

And  take  our  parts  in  all  things, 
as  you  may  understand, 

Against  our  envious  Enemies, 
by  Sea  and  eke  by  Land : 

This  is  the  happiest  Newes  indeed , 
that  e’r  to  England  came , 

The  Hollander  will  fight  for  us , 
and  wee  will  fight  for  them. 

5  And  now  the  Dutch  and  English , 

are  joyntly  so  agreed, 

Of  any  other  Nations 

’tis  known  wee  have  no  need: 

Of  all  things  necessary 

great  plenty  both  sides  have, 

As  much  as  any  tongue  can  wish, 
or  heart  of  man  can  crave; 

This  is  the  bravest  Newes  indeed , 
that  e'r  to  England  came , 

The  Hollanders  are  friends  with  us , 
and  wee  are  friends  with  them. 


344 


JOYFUL  NEWS  FOR  ENGLAND 

QLije  seconb  iPart,  to  tfje  same  tune. 

6  Wee  have  of  victuals  plenty 

both  flesh,  and  fish  good  store, 

Theres  no  Land  in  all  Christendome, 
ime  sure  affordeth  more: 

Wheat,  Rye,  Beans,  Peas  &  Barly, 
Cheese,  Butter,  and  such  things, 

The  which  unto  a  Common-wealth, 
content  and  comfort  brings: 

This  is  the  happiest  time  indeed , 
that  ever  to  England  came , 

The  Dutch-men 2  are  become  our  friends , 
and  wee  are  friends  to  them, 

7  We  have  as  braue  a  Navy 

as  ever  bore  up  saile 
Wee  have  as  brave  Commanders,3 
as  euer  did  prevaile: 

Wee  have  a  braue  Land  Army, 
of  Souldiers  as  ’tis  found, 

No  bouldar  sparks  did  ever  breathe, 
nor  tread  on  English  ground.4 
This  is  the  bravest  newes  indeed , 
that  euer  to  Engl  arid  came , 

The  Holanders  are  friends  of  ours 
and  we  are  friends  to  them. 

8  Wee  see  the  powers  of  Heaven 

doe  all  our  actions  guide 

Text  CommuEders. 

345 


2  Text  Dutch-men. 


8 


4  No  period. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Then  what  need  we  feare  danger 
if  God  be  on  our  side 
The  world  can  never  hurt  us, 
though  multitudes  arise; 

Of  pagans  Iewes  and  Infidels, 
and  other  enimies: 

This  is  the  cheifest  newes  indeed, 
that  euer  to  England  came , 

The  Holanders  are  friends  of  ours 
a7id  zee  are  friends  to  them, 

9  This  makes  well  for  our  Marchants 
whose  ships  are  sent  to  seas 
For  they  may  trafick  freely 

even  when  they  will  or  please: 
Also  it  is  the  better  for 
all  tradsmen  on  the  Land 
For  every  man  and  woman0  that 
a  calling  takes  in  hand. 

This  is  the  bravest  newes  indeed: 

that  euer  to  England  came , 

The  Holanders  are  friends  of  ours 
and  we  are  friends  to  them. 

10  And  since  the  Lord  have  blest  us 
with  Unity  and  Peace 
Let  faithfull  frindship  flourish 
and  Brotherly  love  increase: 

And  let  us  render  to  the  Lord 
a  sacrifice  of  prayse 
That  thus  have  added  sweet  content 
and  comfort  to  our  dayes: 

6  T ext  women. 

346 


JOYFUL  NEWS  FOR  ENGLAND 

This  is  the  happiest  newes  indede 
that  ever  to  England  came 
The  Holanders  are  friends  of  oars, 
and  wee  are  friends  to  them. 

April  the  6.  i6j4- 


This  night  between  six  and  seven  a  Clock  the 
English  Commissioners  went6  to  the  Dutch  Ambassadors7 
at  Sir  John  Trevors ,  In  the  Lord  Protectors  Coaches, 
with  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  and  the  Clerk  of  the 
Council,8  and  about  nine  a  clock  at  night,  totally  finished 
the  Ratification  of  the  Peace:  The  Articles  being  wholly 
agreed  for  Holland  and  Denmark ,  with  us,  and  they 
were  then  signed  by  the  Lords  Embassadours,  on  the  one 
side,  with  full  power  from  the  States,  and  the  Lords 
Commissioners  with  full  power  from  the  Lord  Protector 
on  the  other  side,  and  sealed  and  delivered  on  both 
sides;  so  that  now  all  is  done,  and  the  PEACE  is  fully 
made.  T o  God  be  all  the  Glory. 

jftmsf.9 

Printed  for  F.  Coles,  J.  Wright,  Tho.  Vere,  and  W.  Gilbertson. 


8  7V*/ weut.  7  Text  A[]mbassadors. 
8  Question  mark.  J  Comma. 


347 


Two  antagonists  in  love 

This  pleasing  ballad  appeared  in  John  Crouch’s  Mercurius  Fumi- 
gosus ,  August  16—23,  1654,  pp.  110—112.  It  is  a  favorable  specimen 
of  Crouch’s  ability  to  compose,  or  at  least  to  select,  ballads:  if  he  had 
not  customarily  written,  or  chosen,  such  coarse  songs,  he  could  easily 
have  gained  admission  to  the  ranks  of  real  poets.  The  present  song  is 
an  antidote  to  the  inane  love-songs  of  Cupid’s  victims  so  common  not 
only  to  balladry  but  to  lyric  poetry  in  general.  In  its  attitude  toward 
love,  it  resembles  Suckling’s  “Constancy.” 

Six  stanzas  of  Part  I  (stanzas  3  and  8  being  omitted)  are  printed  in 
Wit  and  Drollery ,  1656,  pp.  70—71;  in  Merry  Drollery ,  1661  (ed. 
J.  W.  Ebsworth,  pp.  187—188);  in  The  Academy  of  Complements, 
1670,  p.  185;  and  in  The  Loyal  Garland ,  1686,  Song  51.  It  is 
entitled  in  these  reprints  “A  Song,”  “The  Indifferent  Lover,”  “Upon 
Passionate  Love.”  The  Second  Part  (“The  Answer”)  is  printed  in 
Oxford  Drollery ,  1671,  pp.  114  f.,  and  in  The  Loyal  Garland ,  1686, 
Song  52.  These  reprints  differ  considerably  from  Crouch’s  version, 
and  in  none  of  them  is  the  tune  named.  For  the  tune  itself,  see 
Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  162,  167.  No  man  love's  fiery  passions 
is,  in  turn,  given  as  the  tune  of  “The  Revolution,”  a  ballad  in  Thomas 
Jordan’s  Royal  Arhor  of  Loyal  Poesie ,  1660,  p.  43. 


348 


TWO  ANTAGONISTS  IN  LOVE 


fEtoo  antagonists!  in  tfje  one  seeking  to 

allap,  tfje  otfjer  to  increase  tfje  flames  thereof;  tfje 
bonnets  are  as  follotoeti).1 

To  the  Tune  of,  Aym  not  too  High. 

1  No  man  Love  s  fiery  Passions  can  approve, 

as  neither  yeilding  pleasure  nor  promotion, 

I  like  a  mild  and  luke-warm  zeal  in  Love, 
although  I  do  not  like  it  in  Devotion. 

2  For  it  hath  no  Coherence  with  my  Creed, 

to  think  that  Lovers  do  as  they  intend, 

If  all  had  dy’d,  that  said  they  dy’d  indeed, 
sure  long  ere  this  the  World  had  had  an  end. 

3  Besides  wee  need  not  Love  unlesse  we  please, 

no  Destiny  can  force  man’s  Disposition, 

How  then  may  any  dye  of  that  Disease, 

when  he  himself  may  be  his  own  Physition4? 

4  Some  one  perhapps  in  long  Consumption  dry’d, 

and  after  fallen  into  Love,  may  dye, 

But  I  dare  lay  my  life,  he  had  not  dy’de, 
were  he  as  healthy  at  the  Heart  as  I. 

5  Some  others,  rather  then  to  have  the  slander 

of  Loyall  Lovers ,  would  false  Martyrs  prove, 
But  I  am  neither  Heroe  nor  Leander , 

Lie  neither  hang,  nor  drownd  my  self  for  LOVE. 

6  Yet  I  have  been  a  LOVER  by  report, 

and  I  have  dy’d  for  Love,  as  others  doe, 

1  Comma. 


349 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


But  prays’d  be  Jove ,  it  was  in  such  a  sort, 

I  could  revive  within  an  houre  or  two. 

7  Thus  have  I  lov’d,  thus  have  I  liv’d  till  now, 

and  know  no  Reason  to  repent  me  yet, 

And  he  that  any  otherwise  shall  doe, 
his  courage  is  as  little  as  his  Witt. 

8  And  wanting  Courage,  what  is’t  he  can  doe4? 

but  with  a  Coward  take  a  Cowards  share; 

And  wanting  Witt,  Experience  makes  it  true, 
to  count  his  Mistris  gifts  he  must  forbeare. 

mt  £IJ2is>OT€3k,  Co  tljc  game  Ctrne. 

9  No  Man  LOVES  fiery  Passions  can  resist, 

who  overvalues  Pleasures  or  Promotion, 

I  hate  luke-warmness  in  a  Worthyist,2 
it  is  as  bad  in  LOVE,  as  in  Devotion. 

10  You  that  pretend  to"  have  a  Love-sound  Heart, 

yet  do  despise  the  sacred  Powers  of  LOVE, 

May  know  there’s  more  have  fall’n  by  Cupids  Dart, 
then  by  the  dreadfull  Thunder-bolts  of  Jove. 

1 1  Nor  can  you  Love,  or  not  love  as  you  please, 

for  Cupids  Laws  command  the  Disposition, 

And  I  have  known  one  dye  of  that  Disease, 
when  he  himself  to  others  was  Physition. 

12  For  when  the  little  God  doth  shoot  his  dart, 

from  the  bright  Eyes  of  Ladies  that  are  faire, 

2  Amorist  ( Oxford  Drollery).  3  Text  to  to. 

350 


TWO  ANTAGONISTS  IN  LOVE 


The  stroak  is  fatall,  and  may  wound  the  heart 
of  men  as  healthfull  as  you  think  you  are. 

13  Those  that  do  dy  for  Love,  deserve  no  slander; 

but  with  Loves  holy  Martyrdom  be  Crownd, 
Perhaps  you  cannot  immitate  Leander , 
for  every  man  is  not  borne  to  be  drownd. 

14  You  say  you’ve  been  a  Lover  by  Report, 

but  never  did  deserve  so  good  a  name, 

He  Loveth  not,  that  Loves  but  for  a  sport, 
it  is  ill  j  easting  with  a  sacred  flame. 

15  Long  may  you  live,  and  Love,  but  when  you  dye, 

Lovers  upon  your  loathed  graves4  shall  spitt: 
And  all  true  Loving  Hearts  shall  say  you  lye, 
to  try  your  Courage  as  you  did  your  Witt. 


4  Read  grave. 


35i 


53 

A  catch 

This  pretty  catch  was  printed  in  Mcrcurius  Fumigosus ,  December 
6-1 3,  1654,  p.  241.  It  is  worthy  of  preservation.  Unquestionably  the 
catches  and  songs  that  Crouch  published  added  to  the  popularity  of  his 
news-books.  They  ought  to  keep  his  name  alive  now. 

Wfytxt  tnere  a  Company  of  goob  felloto  tfje  last  toeefe 
a£  they  toere  £ably  merry,  in  tfjetr  Cup£,  tjjey  to  paste 
atoay  a  Winters  morning,  in  a  bumb  boice  mabe  tbi£ 
mournful!  Jfleloby  following, 

®be  Catcb* 

1  A  Charm  against  Cold,  Frost,  Ice,  and  Snow, 

hail,  rain,  and  stormy  weather, 

Shall  make  the  cold  winde  his  own  Nails  go  blow, 
till  we  are  merry  together. 

2  Bring  forth  good  cheer,  Tap  your  Christmas  beer, 

and  make  a  Rowsing  fire, 

With  friendship  and  joy  conclude  the  old  yeere, 
for  then  the  New  one  is  nigher. 

3  Musick  strike  up,  unto  this  Crowned  Cup, 

true  hearts  we  will  remember, 

And  he  that  denies  to  turn  his  Liqour  up, 
weed  end  him  with  'December. 

35^ 


A  CATCH 
Chorus. 


’Tis  Sack,  rich  Sack,  that  can  no  Treason  smother, 
Wine  opens  the  breast, 

And  gives  our  cares  rest, 

And  makes  us  to  love  one  another. 


353 


54 

Lady  Pecunia  s journey 

669.  f.  17  (75),  roman  and  italic  type,  three  columns,  two  woodcuts. 
Over  the  first  cut — which  represents  Lady  Pecunia,  mounted  on  a 
peacock,  riding  into  a  flaming  hell  presided  over  by  a  devil  with  horns, 
tail,  and  pitchfork — is  printed. 


I,  Lady  Pecunia,  Mistress  of  the  Mint , 
Am  riding  unto  hell  all  in  a  Print. 


Over  the  second — which  represents  twelve  satyrs  holding  hands  and 
dancing  in  a  circle — is  the  legend,  “The  Fiends  dance  for  joy 
Pecunia's  banisht.”  Thomason’s  date  is  January  30,  1654. 

Crouch  evidently  considered  himself  a  poet,  so  that  his  comments 
on  the  pecuniary  rewards  that  come  to  poets  are  interesting.  “A  rich 
Poet  who  did  ever  see?”  he  inquires,  and  presumably  he  himself  was  no 
exception  to  the  statement  (cf.  p.  11 3).  “Lady  Pecunia’s  Journey”  is  not 
a  bad  satire,  as  satires  of  the  period  go.  Probably  it  had  no  ulterior 
motive,  though  in  a  few  of  the  lines  some  political  significance  may  be 
hidden.  So  Murder’s  speech  of  trampling  on  crowns  with  bloody  hands 
and  feet,  and  Pride’s  boast  that  he  advances  “the  Peasant  to  the  throne” 
and  pulls  him  down  “if  Ambition  render  him  a  Crowne,”  can  hardly 
have  been  written  without  thought  of  Charles  I  and  Cromwell. 

Perhaps  the  subject  of  this  broadsheet  was  suggested  to  Crouch  by 
Richard  Barnfield’s  Lady  Pecunia ,  or  the  Praise  of  Money  (1598). 
On  Crouch  himself  see  the  introduction  to  No.  12. 


354 


LADY  PECUNIA’S  JOURNEY 

®l )t  Habp  JlM'ib  Hlournep  unto  Hell,  tottf) 

ter  Speed)  to  Pluto,  maintaining  tfjat  sfje  senbs  more 
Joules  to  Hell  tfjen  all  In*  Jflenbs:  Mill)  Pluto  s 

answer  anb  applause* 


I  Lady  Pccunia,  Miftrefs  of  the  Mint , 
%Am  riding  unto  hell  all  m  a  print . 


l  Great  Pluto,  Prince  of  hell,  I  come  to  thee, 

To  give  account  what  hath  been  done  by  mee : 
When  all  your  Fiends  (great  Pluto)  did  small 
good 

In  bringing  soules  to  Hell,  I  understood, 

I  sent  you  thousands,  who  my  wayes  then  trod, 
That  honour’d  me,  as  I  had  been  their  God ; 
Forgot  their  prayers,  neglected  their  owne  soules, 
And  all  for  love  of  me,  poore  simple  fooles! 

And  many  of  them  too  (such  is  their  case) 

355 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


10  They  cannot  rest  untill  they  see  my  face; 

Nay,  when  they  are  in  bed,  so  kinde  they  bee, 
They  cannot  sleep  for  thinking  then  of  me. 

The  Clergy  mourns,  my  absence  oft  doth 
grieve  ’em, 

Till  I  come  double  handed  to  relieve  ’em. 

Which  of  your  Fiends  can  do  more  feats  than  I? 
I  can  foole  Conscience,  make  the  guiltless  die, 
Pull  Justice  from  her  seat,  and  free  the  guilty, 
Make  the  impure  seem  pure,  though  ne’re  so 
filthy. 

The  Lawyer  will  not  plead  the  Subjects  case, 

20  Without  he  sees  Lady  PECUNIA’S  face: 

Such  is  their  love  to  me,  and  such  my  might, 
That  when  a  cause  is  bad,  I  make  it  right. 

The  Judge  himselfe  doth  know  I  speak  but  truth; 
For  I  have  made  them  Knaves,  even  from  their 
youth : 

Nay,  many  mortals  are  such  simple  Elves, 

That  for  my  sake  they  will  forswear  themselves, 
Damn  their  owne  soules,  and  all  for  love  of  me, 
So  over  loving,  and  so  kinde  they  be. 

The  great  Church  of  S.  Pauls,  lie  have  it  down, 
30  Though  it  were  once  a  place  of  great  renown, 
The  wood,  the  lead,  the  stones,  which  some  count 
trash, 

In  time  may  yield  the  Common-wealth  some  cash : 
Kings  cannot  war,  nor  make  their  foes  afraid, 
Nor  make  their  swords  drink  bloud  without  my 
aid. 

I  can  bewitch  the  Prudent,  spoyle  Devotion, 


356 


LADY  PECUNIA’S  JOURNEY 

With  promise  of  some  wealth,  and  high  pro¬ 
motion, 

I  mine  Towns,  and  make  the  slave  rebell, 

And  after  send  the  Rebels  souls  to  hell. 

Some  think  the  Poet  for  applause  doth  sing, 

40  When  for  my  sake  he  undertakes  this  thing; 

A  Cup  of  Sack  doth  make  his  spirits  glad, 

But  without  me  there’s  no  Sack  to  be  had: 

Of  all  men  living  he  cares  least  for  mee, 

For  a  rich  Poet  who  did  ever  see? 

My  silver  hooke  can  never  bring  him  in, 

Though  many  years  about  it  I  have  bin: 

I  have  lookt  here  about  me  pritty  well. 

Yet  I  can  see  no  Poets  here  in  hell. 

And  so  great  Lord  I  have  no  more  to  say, 

Jo  All  living  men  but  Poets  me  obey. 

'Pluto' s  Answer. 

Lady,  quoth  Pluto,  I  do  honour  thee, 

For  sending  of  so  many  souls  to  mee; 

Thou  shalt  be  call’d  the  Lady  of  the  Earth, 

As  I  was  Prince  of  th’  Aire  before  thv  birth: 

* 

Though  thou  canst  do  but  little  good  in  hell, 
Send  souls  to  me,  and  that  shall  do  as  well. 
With  that  there  was  a  fearfull  noyse  in  hell, 

The  hellish  fiends  began  for  to  rebell, 

’Cause  Pluto  took  Lady  PECUNIA’S  part, 

60  His  subjects  from  their  loyalty  did  start, 

The  hellish  fiends  at  him  exceptions  took; 
Murther  spoke  first  with  fearfull  angry  look: 
Shall  I  (quoth  Murther)  slighted  be,  great  Lord, 
Who  have  destroyd  so  man)/  by  the  sword  ? 

357 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


How  many  men  have  I  made,  for  your  good, 
Most  barbarously  to  shed  each  others  bloud? 
Have  I  not  made  the  brother  kill  the  brother, 
The  little  infant  murther’d  by  the  mother? 

Have  I  not  made  the  man  to  kill  the  wife, 

70  And  made  the  woman  end  the  husbands  life? 
What  mischiefe  have  I  left  undone  in  Towns? 
With  bloudy  hands  and  feet  trampled  on  Crowns. 
Tell  me  what  mischiefe  I  have  left  undone 
To  advance  you:  and  will  you  dote  upon, 

And  honour  this  great  Lady  ’bove  us  all, 

Who  to  raise  you  do  make  so  many  fall? 
Brother  Revenge,  now  speak,  is  this  not  true? 
How  many  men  have  fain  by  me  and  you? 

Then  came  Revenge  with  hands  all  dipt  in  bloud, 
80  And  said,  great  Prince,  if  it  be  understood, 
Murther  and  I  have  done  best  service  now, 

To  inlarge  hell  under  command  of  you : 

How  many  duels  have  I  made  men  fight, 

And  kill  each  other  in  revenge  and  spite? 

358 


LADY  PECUNIA’S  JOURNEY 

How  many  women  have  I  Witches  made, 

And  to  revenge  their  cause  lent  them  my  aid4? 
What  is’t  but  I  can  doe4?  you  know  it  well, 

I  have  brought  thousands  to  the  pit  of  hell. 

Nay  then  quoth  Lust,  I  pray  let  me  come  in, 

90  For  I  have  made  more  men  and  women  sin 
Then  either  of  you  both:  you  kill  and  slay; 

But  I  bring  souls  to  hell  an  easie  way : 

I  tempt  men  from  the  Dunghill  to  the  Crown, 
And  bring  them  unto  hell  in  beds  of  down ; 

I  lull  them  so  asleep  with  pleasures  rare, 

Till  they’r  in  hell  they  know  not  where  they  are: 
I  tempt  the  wanton  woman  day  by  day ; 

The  idle  man  can  hardly  say  me  nay: 

I  with  provoking  meats  can  please  their  pallats, 
100  And  strengthen  nature  with  voluptuous  sallats: 
My  name  is  Lust;  Jtis  I  can  doe  these  things, 
And  with  faire  Maids  deceive  the  greatest  Kings. 
You  see  (great  Prince)  by  what  is  here  exprest, 
I  have  done  more  for  Hell  then  all  the  rest. 
Thou  vaporing  fool,  quoth  Pride,  ?tis  I  must 
raigne, 

Thou  waitst  on  every  Pander,  Whore,  and 
Queane; 

I  rule  in  Princes  Courts,  ? tis  I  alone 
That  can  advance  the  Peasant  to  the  throne, 
And  if  Ambition  render  him  a  Crowne, 

110  We  finde  a  way  to  pull  the  Peasant  down: 

New  fashions  day  by  day  I  doe  invent, 

To  please  the  humorist  and  male  content. 

I  into  Barbers  shops  do  creep,  and  there 
Invent  white  powder  to  perfume  the  haire; 

359 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


And  so  with  that,  and  such  like  simple  toyes, 

I  make  them  looke  just  like  Millers  boyes: 

I  make  the  Oyster  woman  leave  her  bawling, 
And  weare  gold  lace,  a  thing  beyond  her  calling. 
Not  without  me  quoth  Money,  by  your  leave, 
120  For  without  me  none  can  go  fine  and  brave. 

With  that  the  Fiends  on  Lady  PECUNIA  fell, 
And  cast  her  in  great  fury  out  of  Hell : 

And  since  she’s  come  againe,  thus  stands  the  case, 
She  makes  division  still  in  every  place. 

O  love  not  Money  then  so  well , 

That  sends  so  many  souls  to  Hell. 

HUMPHREY  CROVVCH. 


LONDON,  Printed  for  John  Clarke ,  at  the  signe  of  the  Flowre-de- 
luce,  neare  the  Hospitall  Gate  in  Smithfield,  1654. 


360 


55 

Jack  the  plough-lad' s  lamentation 

C.  20.  f.  14  (26),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts. 

Richard  Burton  was  a  daring  Royalist.  Here  again  he  has  printed 
under  his  own  name  a  cleverly  disguised  song  which  depicts  the  evils 
brought  upon  England  by  the  exile  of  the  Royal  House  and  which 
loyally  prays  for  the  return  of  Charles  II.  It  is  difficult  to  see  how  the 
ballad,  with  its  mournful  but  pretty  refrain,  “Would  God  that  my 
Master  would  come  home  again,”  could  have  been  printed,  much  less 
sung  in  the  streets  of  London,  with  impunity.  In  the  fifth  stanza  is 
quoted  the  refrain  of  a  popular  ballad — “Though  Canons  be  roaring 
and  Bullets  be  flying” — that  is  apparently  preserved  only  in  John 
Forbes’s  Cantus  (1661,  Song  XXXVII),  though  it  was  quoted  as  early 
as  1625  in  a  play  of  Shirley’s.  Cf.  the  notes  on  this  matter  given  in 
my  Pefysian  Garland ,  p.  189. 

The  initials  T.R.  are  no  doubt  those  of  Thomas  Robins  (cf.  No.  75), 
a  writer  several  of  whose  productions  are  included  in  F.  J.  Child’s 
English  and  Scottish  Pofular  Ballads.  He  was  probably  the  “T.  Robins 
B.  of  D.  a  well  wisher  to  the  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,”  who  in  1668 
published  a  tract  called  New  News  from  Darby-shire  on  the  fasting 
maiden,  Martha  Taylor  (Bodleian,  Wood  487  (7)).  Writing  in  1669 
a  book  called  A  Discourse  ufon  Prodigious  Abstinence  (Bodleian, 
Wood  B  35  (26))  on  this  same  subject,  John  Reynolds  took  pains  to 
refer  to  “Mr.  Robins  B.  of  D.  that  is,  Ballad-maker  of  Darby ,  whose 
Ballad  (they  say)  doth  much  excell  his  Book”  (cf.  Harleian  Miscel¬ 
lany  ,  1809,  IV,  57,  and  my  article  on  “Miraculous  Fasts”  in  the 
Journal  of  American  Folk-Lore ,  1921,  XXXIV,  372  f.).  I  do  not 
know  the  tune. 


361 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

JACK  tf je  mon^-lLa^  LAMENTATION: 

His  Master  has  forsaken  the  Plough  and  the  Cart , 
Which  grieves  poor  IACK  unto  the  heart , 

For  night  and  day  he  doth  sorely  complain , 

And  doth  wish  that  his  Master  would  come  home  again. 

To  the  Tune  of,  Prentices  fuddle  no  more. 

1  Gentlemen ,  Gentlemen ,  listen  to  my  Ditty, 
and  a  prety  new  story  I  to  you  will  sing, 

No  harm  I  do  mean  to  Town  nor  to  City; 

But  I  wish  us  good  tydings  to  come  this  Spring: 
Or  he  that  has  most  will  soon  have  but  little. 

Poor  England  is  gotten  to  such  a  mad  strain, 

Rich  jack  with  poor  Gill  may  walk  to  the  Spittle f 
To  pray  for  good  tydings  to  come  o're  the  main . 

2  For  I  am  a  poore  Plough-lad ,  and  in  great  distresse 
My  Master  is  gone  alas !  what  shall  I  do, 

And  I  a  poor  Servant  here  sorely  opprest, 

Great  loads  and  taxations  I  am  brought  unto; 

Yet  on ’t  I  live2  well  as  many  can  tell, 

My  land  in  good  [ til ] lage3  my  self  to  maintain; 
Now  every  .  .  .  .un3  threatens4  me  for  to  pillage, 
But  1  would  that  tny  Master  would  come  home 
again. 

3  Gentlemen ,  Gentlemen ,  I  could  well  think  on  it, 

If  that  my  Master  would  come  home  again, 
Though  it  may  be  there  is  some  would  look  sadly 

on  it, 

Yet  he  that  is  honest  would  never  complain: 

1  Period.  '  on’t,  live:  text  ou’t,  livy. 

3  Torn.  Perhaps  villun.  *  Text  threateus. 

362 


JACK  THE  PLOUGH-LAD’S  LAMENTATION 

A  Servant  thats  true,0  his  joys  would  renew;6 
But  he  that  is  rotten  be  sure  would  complain, 

But  if  it  were  faulty,  it  were  best  to  be  packing/ 

If  that  my  Master  should  come  home  again . 

4  Countrey-man ,  C untrey -man ,  that  hears  my  Ditty , 
Lissen  unto  me,  mark  what  I  shall  say, 

Ther’s  no  honest  man  in  Town  nor  in  Citty, 

But  if  he  be  bound  then  he  must  obey: 

His  gold  and  his  money  he  must  not  spare, 

The  Cause  of  poor  England  for  to  maintain, 

And  the  weeping-crosse  may  fall  to  his  share, 

But  1  would  that  my  Master  would  come  home 
again. 

5  Y eomandry,  Y eomandry,  to  you  I  call, 

Lissen  unto  me  as  well  as  the  rest; 

Your  lands  and  your  livings  be  they  great  or  small, 
Your  fortune’s  to  pay  here  as  well  as  the  rest: 
Though  Canons  be  roaring,  and  Bullets  be  flying, 
And  legs  and  Armes  doth  fly  in  the  main, 

Men  still  must  stand  to  it  and  never  fear  dying. 
But  I  would  that  my  master  would  come  home 
again  I 

Cfje  geconb  part,  Co  tfje  game  Cune. 

6  And  as  for  us  Plough-men  as  well  as  the  rest, 

Much  sorrow  comes  to  us :  yet  for  us  now  pray , 

We  do  not  withstand,  but  must  pay  with  the  best, 

If  for  it  we  work,  I  say,  both  night  and  day: 

E  Text  trne.  6  Text  renew.  7  Period.  8  Text  omits  again. 

363 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


To  the  Plough  and  Cart  with  a  heavy  heart, 

To  stir  up  our  ground,  and  to  save  our  Grain; 

So  small  is  our  share  that  fals  to  our  part, 

Would  God  that  my  Master  would  come  home 
again. 

7  Thus  like  to  the  Ant  and  the  painful  Bee , 

We  labor  and  toyl  all  the  days  of  our  life, 

Though  small  to  be  got,  we  must  give  a  great  fee, 
Nay,  I  could  say  more,  but  I  love  no  strife: 

Yet  few  there  be,  but  may  understand 
The  truth  of  my  Ditty  why  I  do  complain : 

Yet  I  wish  true  Peace  would  pity  this  Land, 
Would  God  that  my  Master  would  come  ho7ne 
again  d 

8  And  now  for  all  Trades-men  that  lives  in  the  City, 
I  wish  you  good  fortune  as  well  as  the  rest ; 

I  pray  you  consider  well  of  this  my  Ditty, 

And  then10  you  may  see  who  is  the  most  opprest : 
For  we  with  hard  labor  our  money  do  get, 

With  toyling  and  moyling  in  sorrow  and  pain, 

No  sooner  we  have  it  but  from  us  it’s11  fet. 

But  I  would  that  my  Master  would  come  home 
again. 

9  O  my  Master  is  gone,  and  my  Mistris  too, 

And  I  am  despised  by  every  Clown. 

My  sorrows  increase,  alas !  what  shall  I  do, 

No  pleasure  I  hnde  in  City  nor  Town: 

11  Text  irs. 

364 


0  Comma. 


T ext  th  [  ]  n. 


JACK  THE  PLOUGH-LAD’S  LAMENTATION 

For  I  do  lament,  and  sorely  repent, 

The  losse  of  my  Master  it  will  be  my  bane.12 
Though  some  do  rejoyce,  I  am  discontent.12 

Would  God  that  my  Master  would  come  home 
again, 

10  And  now  to  conclude,  and  end  this  my  Ditty, 

The  truth  of  my  minde  I  here  have  made  known, 
All  honest  Plough-men  in  Town  or  in  City, 

May  well  understand  why  I  make  this  mone : 

For  my  Master  is  fled,  and  Love  banished, 

Small  truth  in  this  world  I  see  for  to  rain, 

No  pleasure  I  find  at  bed13  nor  at  boord,14 
Vntil  that  my  Master  doth  come  home  again , 

T.R, 

LONDON , 

Printed  for  Richard  Burton,  1654. 


No  period. 


14  Read  at  boord  nor  at  bed. 

365 


12 


13 


Text  beo. 


and  maids 


C.  20.  f.  14  (24),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  cuts. 

This  ballad-news-story  is  far  superior  to  the  account  given  in  con¬ 
temporary  news-books.  The  speeches  attributed  to  Abigail  Norris  and 
the  brewer  are  no  doubt  apocryphal,  and  the  homiletic  strain  of  the 
ballad  is  to  an  extent  superfluous.  Nevertheless  this  sheet  gives  a  good 
account  of  a  gruesome  accident,  and  tells  facts  about  the  persons  in¬ 
volved  in  almost  modern  style.  In  comparison  with  it,  the  brief  account 
printed  in  the  Weekly  Intelligencer  for  January  9—17,  1655,  p.  152, 
is  almost  valueless: 

At  a  Brewhouse  not  far  from  Morefelds  one  of  the  Brewers  men  was  kissing, 
and  playing  the  wanton  with  a  Maid  that  came  for  some  smal  Wort,  and  suddenly 
both  of  them  fel  into  the  Vessel,  and  were  both  scalded  to  death. 

In  Thomas  Beard’s  Theatre  of  God's  Judgments  (1642  ed.,  p.  420) 
there  is  a  similar  story  of  an  Ipswich  brewer’s  two  servants  who  “fell 
into  a  scalding  Caldron  backwards;  whereof  the  one  died  presently,  the 
other  lingringly,  and  painfully” — a  story  that  is  interpreted  as  a 
warning  against  drunkenness.  No  such  warning  appears  in  the  ballad, 
though  in  stanza  14  a  sorrowful  word  is  given  to  the  outlawed  Book 
of  Common  Prayer.  This  beautiful  Book  had  been  suppressed  by  the 
Assembly  of  Divines  in  1644  and  a  Directory  (cf.  p.  24,  above) 
substituted. 

.  The  appropriately  named  tune,  which  dates  back  to  the  days  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  is  given  in  Chappell’s  Pofular  Music ,  I,  197. 


366 


A  LOOKING-GLASS  FOR  MEN  AND  MAIDS 


3  Hooking-glasse  for  §9oung=tnen  anti  jftlaibs: 
JSleing  a  bttefe  anti  true  fetation  of  a  Sat)  ant)  Sorrobafull 
mis-cfjance,  tobtcb  bappmeb  to  a  Poung-man  anb  a  Jfflaib 
tnfjo  both  lost  their  libes,  anb  baere  Scalbeb  to  beat!)  in  a 
JUretoers  jffleasfj-fKun,  truth  strtbing  about  a  kisse:  this 
baas  bone  upon  ®toelftb=bap  last,  neere  unto  Shore-ditch , 
in  tfje  Suburbs  ot  London  ;t\)t  manner  bob),  shall  presently 
be  relateb.  j&ete  is  also  set  boban  the  time  bob)  long  tbep 
libeb  after  tbep  boere  taken  out  of  tbe  scalbing  Hiquor,  anb 
of  a  berp  goblp  speech  tnbicb  the  jfflaib  mabe  at  the  boure  of 
beatb,  to bicb  is  boortbp  to  be  kept  in  memorp.1 

The  tune  is,  the  Brides  Buriall: 


1  A  Sudden  sad2  mis-chance, 

neere  Sho  or  e-ditch  late  befell. 

Which  now  with  grieved  heart  &  mind 
I  am  prepar’d  to  tell : 

Even  on  the  last  Twelfth-day , 
being  in  the  afternoone, 

Within  a  Brew-house  certainly 
there  was  this  mischiefe  done : 

2  The  manner  how  was  this, 

a  Maid  to3  th’  Brew-house  came 
To  fetch  hot  Liquor  for  to  use, 
and  streight  upon  the  same 
The  Miller  being  there, 
laid  hands  upon  the  Maid, 

Intending  for  to  kisse  her  then, 
and  would  not  be  denay’d : 

1  Comma.  2  Text  Suddensad.  3  T ext  to’ . 

367 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


3  The  Maid  unwilling  was 

that  he  should  kisse  her  there, 

She  thrust  him  back  with  both  her  hands 
as  plainly  doth  appeare : 

But  he  poore  wretched  man 
laid  hold  on  her  againe, 

And  swore,  before  he  let  her  goe 
he  would  a  kisse  obtaine. 

4  But  as  they  strugled  and  strived : 

so  fiercely  one  with  the  other, 

Their  Feet  did  slip,  and  so  fell  in 
the  Meash-Tun  both  together 
Where  scalding  Liquor  was, 
a  grievous  tale  to  tell, 

They  of  each  other  had  fast  hold, 
and  head-long  in  they  fell.4 

5  The  Liquor  was  so  hot, 

and  scalded  them  sore, 

The  like  I  think  was  never  known 
nor  heard  of  here-to-fore : 

At  last  some  people  came 

and  helpt  them  out  by  strength, 

And  by  that  means,  they  puld  from  them 
their  garments  off  at  length. 

6  A  wofull  chance  it  was, 

as  ever  could  befall, 

For  as  they  stript  their  clothing  off, 
they  pul’d  off  skin  and  all : 


4  Text  frll,  {sic). 


368 


A  LOOKING-GLASS  FOR  MEN  AND  MAIDS 


From  bellyes,  backs,  and  sides, 
and  from  their  private  parts, 
Which  was  a  sorrowfulF  sight  to  see, 
and  terror  to  Folks  hearts. 

7  The  people  did  their  best, 

the  lives  of  them  to  save. 

But  all  (alas)  it  was  in  vaine, 
no  cure  that  they  could  have : 

For  why?  the  wofull  man 
did  in  a  short  time  dye, 

The  Maid  sore  sick  upon  her  bed, 
a  longer  time  did  lye. 

Cfje  geconb  part  to  tf je  game  Cun e. 

8  But  e’re  she  did  depart 

she  for  her  True-love  sent, 

Who  being  come  into  her  roome, 
she  praid  him  be  content : 

You  are  the  man,  quoth  she, 
which  I  did  dearly  love, 

And  have  as  faithfull  bin  to  you, 
as  is  the  Turtle-Dove: 

9  When  you  a  promise  made 

that  wee  should  married  be, 

This  Ring  and  Bodkin  both  in  love 

you  did  bestow  on  me : 

* 

The  which  in  courtesie 
from  you  I  did  receive, 


5  Text  wus  a  sorrowfnll. 


369 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


And  now  with  willing  mind  againe 
the  same  to  you  I  give : 

10  Still  wishing  you  good  dayes; 

whilst  you  have  breath  and  life. 

I  doe  bequeath  these  things  to  her 
that  you  will  take  to  Wife: 

All  that  I  doe  request, 
of  you  this  present  day, 

Is  only,  whilst  I  am  alive, 
for  my  poore  Soule  to  pray.0 

1 1  And  you  my  Mother  deare, 

and  all  my  friends  so  kind, 

I  am  enforc’d  to  leave  this  World, 
and  leave  you  all  behind: 

I  have  made  my  peace  with  God, 
the  mighty  Lord  of  Heaven, 

And  this  I  hope  through  Iesus  Christ 
my  sinnes  shall  be  forgiven. 

12  My  body  scalding  hot, 

like  fire  doth  boyle  and  fry. 

Sweet  Christ  I  pray  receive  my  Soule 
although  my  body  dye : 

When  she  these  words  had  spoke, 
her  woes  were  soone  releast, 

She  dy’d,  no  doubt,  her  Soule  is  now 
with  them  whom  God  hath  blest. 

13  The  Miller  he  likewise, 

e’re  he  resign’d  his  breath,7 

8  Comma.  7  Period. 


37o 


A  LOOKING-GLASS  FOR  MEN  AND  MAIDS 


Askt  God  forgivenesse,  for  his  own, 
and  her  untimely  death: 

Advising  all  Young-men8 
to  have  a  speciall  care 
Of  rash  attempts,  and  by  his  fall, 
for  ever  to  beware : 

14  And  to  conclude,  in  briefe. 

I  wish  that  all  man-kind 
What-so-ever  they  doe  goe  about, 
to  have  God  in  their  mind : 

The  Booke  of  Common-Prayer, 
though  it  be  laid  aside, 

Yet  every  Christian  ought  to  pray 
that  God  may  be  our  guide.9 

15  From  Famine,  Plague,  &  Pestilence, 

preserve  us  great  and  small, 

And  from  thy  wrath,  and  suddaine  death 
good  Lord  deliver  us  all.9 

Take  notice  of  this,  how  that  the  Maid  that  was  so  un¬ 
fortunately  scalded  to  death,  her  name  was  Abigail  Noris , 
and  had  it  pleas’d  God  to  have  spar’d  her  life,  she  was  to 
have  bin  married  the  next  week  following  to  one  Jeremy 
Kemp  of  Old-street.  The  Brewers  Miller  which  was 
scalded  with  her  dyed  before  her,  and  was  buried  in 
Bishops-gate  Parish;  she  dyed  after  him  and  was  buried 
at  Shoore-ditch ,  whose  death  was  much  lamented.10 

London,  Printed  for  Tho:  Vere,  at  the  sign  of  the 
Angel,  without  New-gate.11 

8  Text  Yonng-men.  9  Comma.  10  No  period.  11  Colon. 

37i 


57 

Strange  and  wonderful  news 

C.  20.  f.  14  (28),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

The  date  of  the  ballad  is  February,  165  5,  as  appears  from  the  fact 
that  the  story  is  summarized  (probably  from  the  ballad  itself)  in 
Mercurius  Fumigosus ,  for  February  14—21,  1655,  p.  298: 


At  Ratliffe  the  last  week  happened  an  exceeding  strange  Accident,  where  a 
Sea-mans  Wife  lying  in,  there  came  a  seeming  Gentleman  all  in  black  to  speak 
with  her,  telling  the  Nurse,  that  his  businesse  much  concernd  her,  who  going  up, 
told  her  Mistriss,  who  willed  her  presently  to  let  him  come  up  (as  if  she  under¬ 
stood  his  business,  and  desiring  some  visitants  to  withdraw  from  her  into  another 
Chamber,  where  a  little  while  after,  they  hearing  a  great  shreik,  entred  her 
Chamber,  finding  the  man  vanished,  and  the  Woman  lying  torn  in  Pieces,  with 
her  head  in  one  place,  and  her  Quarters  in  another:  This  is  generally  reported 
for  a  certain  truth;  and  methinks  should  be  a  great  terrour  to  Women,  that 
never  were  more  Proud  or  unfaithfull  to  God  or  their  Husbands,  then  in  these 
ranting ,  roaring  and  most  disloyall  times,  that  the  Devill  is  let  loose  to  work 
mischief. 

On  Crouch’s  fondness  for  summarizing  ballads  in  his  news-books  cf. 
my  comments  on  pp.  61—62.  A  similar  story  was  told  about  Mrs. 
Margaret  Cooper  in  A  true  and  most  Dread  full  discourse  of  a  woman 
; possessed  with  the  Deuill:  who  in  the  likeness e  of  a  headlesse  Beare 
fetched  her  out  of  her  Bedd ,  and  .  .  .  most  straungely  roulled  her 
thorow  three  Chambers ,  and  doune  a  high  faire  of  staiers ,  on  the  fower 
and  twentie  of  May  last .  1584.  At  Dichet  in  Somersetshire ,  and  is 
retold  in  John  Trundle’s  1614  pamphlet,  A  Miracle  of  Miracles. 

Laurence  Price,  the  author  of  the  ballad,  says  that  the  equal  of  this 
bargain  has  not  been  known  since  Dr.  Faustus’s  time.  Nevertheless,  if 
news-books  and  ballads  are  to  be  trusted,  the  Devil  was  exceptionally 
active  and  successful  during  the  interregnum.  For  example,  Mercurius 
Fumigosus ,  August  4—1  1,  1652,  p.  149,  speaks  of  “One  Mrs.  Atkins 
of  Warwick  [who]  was  this  week  strangely  carried  away  by  a  Divel.” 
A  Perfect  Account  of  the  Daily  Intelligence  and  other  news-books  tell, 

372 


STRANGE  AND  WONDERFUL  NEWS 


on  April  24,  1655,  of  a  woman  dwelling  at  “Fan  Alley  at  the  upper 
end  of  Aldersgate  street  .  .  .  who  said  she  had  given  her  soul  to  the 
Devil,  and  that  he  was  to  fetch  her  away  on  a  certain  day  the  next 
moneth.”  Mercurius  Fumigosus ,  November  15—22,  1654,  remarks  that 
“This  week  20  Usurers,  and  60  Broakers  have  contracted  with  the 
Devil  for  the  mortgage  of  their  souls,  binding  themselves  punctually 
to  keep  Covenants  with  him  to  a  Day,  or  else  quietly  to  permit  him  to 
take  the  forfeitures  thereof.”  See  JeafFreson’s  Middlesex  County 
Records ,  III,  88  (April  20,  1643),  for  a  True  Bill  against  Thomas 
Browne,  yeoman,  charging  him  with  having  sold  himself  to  Satan  with 
a  formal,  written  contract.  There  were,  furthermore,  witches  out  of 
number  who  emulated  (or  were  accused  of  emulating)  Browne.  The 
heroine  of  the  present  ballad  could  well  have  agreed  with  Mercurius 
Democritus  (December  16—22,  1652,  p.  295) — 

But  Oh!  our  Seaman’s  Wives!  alas  poor  souls!  they  may  even  sing  the  Song, 
After  sweet  -pleasure  comes  sorrow  and  paine . 

For  the  tune  see  No.  59. 


373 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


strange  anti  toonberfulf  netos  of  a  tooman  tofnd)  Htbeb 
neeruntotbejfamous  Cftp  of  Honbon,  tobo  fjati  tier  beab 
torn  off  from  tjer  fBobp  bp  tfje  ®tbell ;  anb  fjet'  fpmbs  rent 
in  petces  anti  scattereb  about  in  tfje  room  tofjere  tfje  mis- 
cfjicf  bias  bone,  totncb  map  Serbe  to  foretoarn  all  proub  anb 
btslopall  men  anb  toomen,  to  tjabe  a  tare  ijob>  tfjep  befjabe 
tbemselbes,  tobifst  tfjep  libe  in  tbts  sinfull  toorlb,  tjjat  tfjep 
faff  not  into  tfje  like  temptations.  fEfje  manner  fjoto  sfjee 
mabe  bet  bargain  tantb  tbe  ®tbfl,  sfjee  contest  to  Some  of 
ber  JleigbborS  before  bet  beatb. 

The  Tune  is  Summer  time. 

1  Dear  Lord  what  sad  &  sorrowfull  times, 

are  those  the  which  wee  now  live  in 
When  men  and  women  takes  a  pride, 
presumptuously  to  run  in  sin. 

2  The  Divill  doth  like  a  Lyon  go, 

and  strives  with  all  his  might  and  power, 

Of  us  to  get  the  victory, 

our  Soules  and  Bodies  to  devoure. 

3  And  where  that  hee  can  overcome, 

and  bring  the  people  to  his  lure, 

They  are  sure  in  processe  of  time, 
much  miseries  for  to  indure. 

4  As  this  Relation  shall  make  known,1 

which  now  I  am  prepar’d  to  tell, 

Concerning  a  proud  woman  which, 
did  near  the  City  of  London  dwel. 


1  Period. 


374 


STRANGE  AND  WONDERFUL  NEWS 


5  Which  womans  husband  hee  is  gone, 

beyond  the  Seas  as  it  is  said, 

And  left  his  wife  in  England  here, 
who  long  time  lived  without  a  guide. 

6  Her  Husband  when  hee  went  from  her, 

left  means  and  mony  to  maintain, 

As  hee  suppos’d  sufficiently 

his  Wife  till  hee  return’d  again. 

7  But  shee  being  wild  and  wilfull  given, 

and  also  of  a  haughty  mind, 

To  Mallice,  Hatred  Lust  and  Pride, 
and  wantonnesse  shee  was  inclyn’d. 

8  And  in  short  time  shee  wasted  had, 

the  best  part  of  her  means  away. 

Her  mony  was  spent  and  all  her  state, 
was  like  to  go  unto  decay. 

9  Where  at  shee  fell  into  despair, 

and  vext  her  self  most  grievously, 
And  walking  by  her  self  one  day, 
unseen  of  any  company,2 

10  The  Divil  himself  to  her  appear’d, 
ith’  likenesse  of  a  tall  black  man, 

And  afterwards  with  tempting  words, 
to  talk  to  her  hee  thus  began. 


2  Period. 


375 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 
Cfje  aecottb  part,  to  tfje  Same  Cune. 

11  If  thou  quoth  hee  wilt  yeild  to  mee, 

and  do  as  I  would  have  thee  do, 

Thou  shalt  have  all  things  at  command, 

As  Riches  Gold  and  Silver  too. 

12  Now  to  be  brief  the  Devil  and  Her, 

a  bargin  made  at  that  same  time, 

The  like  was  never  done  on  earth, 

Since  Docter  Faustus  cursed  crime. 

13  The  Woman  being  then  with  child, 

made  bargin  that  the  Divill  should  have, 
Her  Soul  when  shee  was  brought  to  bed, 
so  shee  might  at  her  pleasure  live. 

14  What  things  soever  shee  desir’d, 

to  which  the  feind  full  soon  agreed, 

So  hee  might  Soul  and  body  have, 
after  shee  was  delivered. 

15  The  Covenant  was  between  them  made, 

the  Woman  seal’d  it  with  her  blood, 

And  afterwards  shee  had  her  will 
and  did  whatever  shee  thought  good. 

16  Shee  eate,  shee  drank,  and  merry  was, 

and  had  of  gold  and  silver  store, 

She  company  was  for  the  rich, 

and  dealt  her  almes  unto  the  poor. 

17  At  last  her  painfull  houre  drew  nigh 

that  shee  must  needs  delivered  be, 

376 


STRANGE  AND  WONDERFUL  NEWS 


Shee  sent  for  women  with  all  speed, 
to  help  her  in  her  misery. 

18  The  Devill  then  streight  came  to  the  door 

like  to  a  tall  man  all  in  black, 

The  servant  maid  came  neer  to  him, 
and  asked  him  what  hee  did  lack.3 

19  Tis  with  your  Mistris  I  must  speak,4 

the  Divil  again  to  her  replyd, 

Go  tell  her  again  it  must  be  so, 

I  can  nor  will  not  be  denyd. 

20  By  the  time  that  the  Maid  came  up, 

her  Mistris  was  delivered, 

And  of  a  man  Child  in  her  room, 
shee  was  most  safely  brought  to  bed. 

21  O  now  good  women  then  quoth  shee, 

my  sorrows  do  a  fresh  beginne, 
Wherefore  I  pray  you  to  depart, 
the  room  the  which  you  now  are  in. 

22  Then  from  the  room  the  women  went, 

forthwith  from  her  imediatly, 

And  went  into  another  place, 

whereas  they  heard  a  dolefull  cry. 

23  Her  head  was  from  her  body  torn, 

her  lymbs  about  the  room  did  ly, 

The  blood  run  all  about  the  place, 
as  many  folks  can  testify. 


3  Perhaps  a  stanza  was  inadvertently  omitted  here. 


377 


4  Period. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


It  seems  the  Devill  his  bargin  had, 
wherefore  I  wish  that  one  and  all, 
To  have  a  care  of  what  they  do, 
and  to  take  warning  by  her  fall. 

jftms. 

L.P. 

London  Printed  for  Fran.  Grove  on  Snow-hill. 


378 


A  warning  for  all  wicked  livers 


Manchester,  I,  32,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  one  woodcut.  The  ballad  is 
badly  mutilated,  several  stanzas  of  the  second  part  being  torn  away.  As 
far  as  possible,  the  text  is  restored  between  square  brackets. 

It  is  a  not  wholly  uninteresting  work  by  Laurence  Price,  whose 
authorship  makes  it  worth  reprinting.  Price  kept  up  the  old  traditions 
of  balladry,  even  in  the  midst  of  the  havoc  wrought  by  civil  war  and 
the  abolition  of  Royalty.  I  have  seen  in  The  Faithful  Scout  for 
March  30— April  4,  1655,  a  news-item  dealing  with  the  hanging  of 
Richard  Whitfield,  a  fencer,  on  March  25  (sic),  but  cannot  find  any 
further  account  of  Gibs. 

The  tune  of  Ned  Smith  is  equivalent  to  Dainty ,  come  thou  to  me, 
on  which  see  Chappell’s  Popular  Music,  II,  517. 


379 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

&  Klarning  for  all  toicfeeb  libers. 

JBy  tfje  example  of  Richard  Whitfield ,  anil  JR.  Gibs  t»f)0 
toere  lino  notorious  offenbets,  anli  boll)  of  one  company, 
tofuch  ttoo  men  mabe  a  bail?  practise,  anb  got  their  tibings 
by  robbing  anb  Stealing  bolt)  on  tfjc  ©igtytoays,  anb  in 
any  other  places  Inhere  they  came,  but  toere  at  last  tafeen, 
nppreljenbeb  anb  conbemneb  to  bye,  for  robbing  of  a  Coach, 
&murbering  of  a  Captains  man  at  g>hooterS=?|il,  in  lent, 
some  fibe  or  six  miles  from  lonbon,  anb  for  that  offence 
anb  others,  Gibs  toas  prest  to  beath  at  JtlaibStone  in  lent, 
anb  Whitfield  toaS  hangeb  in  chains  on  ^hooters = SMI, 
Inhere  he  bib  the  blooby  beeb,  the  27th.  of  JRarch,  1655. 
dje  manner  hoto  shall  be  exactly  relateb  in  this  13 i tty. 


The  Tune  is,  Ned  Smith. 


380 


A  WARNING  FOR  ALL  WICKED  LIVERS 


1  Of  two  notorious  Theeves, 

my  purpose  is  to  tell, 

Which  near  fair  London  Town 
long  time  did  live  and  dwell. 

2  One  of  their  names  was  Gibs , 

a  Villain  vile  and  base 
The  other  Dick  Whitfield  call’d, 
who  ran  a  wicked  race. 

3  To  rob  to  theeve  and  steal, 

these  couple  gave  their  mind, 
And  unto  murder  men, 
they  daily  were  inclin’d. 

4  So  stout  and  bold  they  were 

that  they  durst  fight  with  ten, 
And  rob  them  on  the  way 
though  they  were  lusty  men. 

5  Sometimes  they  would  disguise 

themselves  in  strange  attire, 
And  to  do  mischief  still, 
was  all  they  did  desire. 

6  Sometimes  about  the  fields 

they  would  walk  in  the  night 
And  use  much  cruelty 

to  them  that  they  did  meet. 

7  A  man  could  hardly  pass1 

the  fields  at  ten  a  clock, 

381 


1  Period. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


But  they  would  be  sure  to  have, 
the  cloak  from  off  his  back. 

8  Or  if  he  had  no  cloak 

they  would  his  money  take, 

Of  what  they  went  about 
they  did  no  conscience  make. 

9  If  they  with  women  met 

when  it  was  in  the  night 
they  would  strip  off  their  cloaths 
and  leave  them  naked  quite. 

10  Such  unhumanity 

betwixt  them  did  remain 
That  by  their  bloody  hands 

good  Christians  have  been  slain.2 

11  [And  other]  robberies 

these  bloody  villains  did, 

But  theft  and  murder  both, 
long  time  will  not  lie  hid. 

12  Sometimes  they  have  been  caught 

and  unto  New-gate  sent, 

Yet  they  had  mercy  shown 
because  they  should  repent. 

13  But  though  the  Iudges  oft 

took  pitty  on  those  men, 

2  No  period.  “The  Second  Part”  began  here,  but  those  words,  the  woodcuts  that 
followed  them,  and  at  least  one  entire  stanza  are  torn  away. 

382 


A  WARNING  FOR  ALL  WICKED  LIVERS 


As  soon  as  they  got  loose 
they  would  fall  too’t  agen.3 

14  But  now  behold  and  see 

[w]hat  happened  at  the  last, 

[Though]  they  had  scap’d  through  much 
[and]  many  dangers  past. 

15  [They  m]et  a  gallant  Coach 

[not  fa]r  from  Greenwich  town, 

[In  whic]h  were  Gentlemen 

[who  rode]  ore  Black-Heath  down. 

16  [Now  Gi\bs  and  Whitfield  both 

[addresse]d  themselves  to  fight.  .  .  .4 

17  He  askd  them  what  they  were, 

quoth  they,  we  mony  crave, 

Mony  we  are  come  for 
and  mony  we  must  have. 

18  Their  Pistols  being  fixt,5 

their  bullets  they  let  fly 
The  Captain  drew  his  sword 
and  fought  couragiously. 

19  And  in  that  dangerous  fight 

the  Captains  man  was  slain 
And  then  they  robd  the  rest 
that  did  i’  th  Coach  remain. 

Comma. 

From  the  fourth  column  which  begins  here  several  verses  are  torn. 

Period. 


383 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


20  And  for  their  bloody  deeds 

and  for  that  robbery 
They  after  taken  were 
and  suffered  certainly. 

21  At  Maidstone  town  in  Kent 

there  Gibs  was  prest  to  death, 

And  Whitfield  hangs  in  chains 

at  Shooters-Hill  near  Black-Heath? 

22  Let  other  wicked  men, 

high  and  low,  great  and  smal 
Remember  and  take  heed 
by  Gibs  and  Whitfields  fall. 

L.  P. 

[L]ondon  Printed  for  F.  Grove  dwelling  on  Snow  hill. 


period. 


384 


59 


massacre 


C.  20.  f.  14  (20),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  five  woodcuts. 

The  Protestant  Vaudois  had  in  January,  1655,  been  ordered  by 
Charles  Emmanuel  II,  Duke  of  Savoy,  to  leave  the  country  or  to 
embrace  the  Roman  Catholic  religion.  They  refused  to  comply,  and  a 
general  massacre  was  planned  and  executed  on  them  with  revolting 
cruelty.  The  massacre  aroused  enormous  interest  in  England.  News- 
books  vied  with  one  another  in  publishing  gruesome  accounts.  There 
is,  for  example,  a  detailed  “List  of  some  Particulers  of  the  late  Bar¬ 
barous  Cruelties  of  the  Marquisse  de  Piannasse ,  with  the  Monks, 
Priests,  and  other  Papists  on  the  Protestants  of  Savoy’5  in  Perfect  Pro¬ 
ceedings  of  State  A  fairs  for  June  7—13,  which,  like  the  stories  given 
in  The  Faithful  Scout  for  June  8—15  and  A  Perfect  Account  of  the 
Daily  Intelligence  for  June  13—20,  supports  the  ballad  in  every  par¬ 
ticular.  From  some  such  news-book  the  ballad  was  probably  sum¬ 
marized.  Milton’s  noble  sonnet  “On  the  Late  Massacre  in  the  Pied¬ 
mont”  may  profitably  be  compared  with  this  journalistic  rhyme  to  see 
how  poetry  differs  from  balladry.  But  as  the  aim  and  the  audience  of 
the  ballad-writer  were  far  different  from  Milton’s,  the  comparison  is 
not  wholly  fair. 

The  tune  of  My  [not  The\  bleeding  heart  comes  from  the  first  line 
of  Martin  Parker’s  “A  Warning  to  All  Lewd  Livers.  To  the  tune  of 
Sir  Andrew  Barton ”  ( Roxburghe  Ballads ,  III,  23).  The  two  tunes 
were  identical  (or  at  least  interchangeable)  with  In  summer-time  (cf. 
Nos.  31,  57)  and  Come  follow ,  my  love  ( Roxburghe  Ballads ,  I,  9); 
and  My  bleeding  heart  is,  as  another  ballad  by  Parker  proves  (cf. 
No.  6),  equivalent  to  Maying  Time.  The  music  for  Maying  Time  is 
given  in  Chappell’s  Popular  Music ,  I,  377,  and  fits  the  present  ballad 
perfectly. 


385 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


9  Dteabful  delation,  of  dje  Cruel,  Ploubp,  anb  most 
Snjjumane  Jflabbacrc  anb  Jgutrberp,  eommitteb  on  tf )c  poor 
Protebtantb,  in  tfje  iUomimonb  of  dje  Bufee  of  Savoy,  bp 
I) is  H>oulbierb,  told)  borne  French  anb  blou bp  Irish  jopneb 
together:  fflfjere  tfjep  bebtropeb  tfjoubanbb,  faotfj  men, 
toomenanb  cbilbren.toitfjout  merep;  tearing  little  bucfetng 
infantb  limb  from  limb  before  tljeir  motljerb  faceb,  anb 
babljing  ttjeir  brainb  out  againbt  tfje  rocfeb ;  anb  af  tertoarbb 
tipping  up  tfje  hotoelb  of  tfje  motljerb,  tutting  off  tfjetr 
breabtb,  anb  turning  tootnen  tnitt)  cfjilbe,  anb  borne  Iping 
in,  out  of  boreb,  in  tfje  mibbt  of  hunter  in  frobt  anb  bnoto, 
tofjo  peribfjeb  bp  tolb  in  tfje  fflountainb.  Cutting  off  tfje 
earb,  tfjen  tfje  nobe,  fingerb  anb  toeb;  tfjen  tfje  legb,  armb 
anb  pribie  memberb  of  men,  borne  being  ageb  abobe  four* 
btore  pearb,  anb  bo  torturing  tfjem  to  bead),  becaube  tfjep 
tooutb  not  forbade  ttjeir  Religion  anb  turn  |Japibtb:  tfje 
lifee  crueltieb  toere  neber  fenobm  nor  fjearb  of  before.  ®!)e 
trutfj  of  dub  sab  btorp  toab  bent  to  fjib  Jdigfjnebb  tfje  Horb 
protector,  tofjo  appointeb  a  general  Jfast  tfjrougtjout  tljis 
Ration,  anb  orbereb  relief  to  be  gatfjereb,  anb  bent  to 
tljobc  tfjat  ebcapeb  tfje  fjanbb  of  tfjebe  bloubp  toretcfjeb,  anb 
are  reabp  to  peribfj  for  toant,  in  tfje  mountainb. 


To  the  Tune  of.  The  Bleeding  Heart. 


1  With  bleeding  heart  &  mournful  tear 
I  am  enforced  to  declare : 

A  sadder  story  nere  was  told, 

Then  here  to  you  I  will  unfold. 

2  Good  Christians  all  pray  listen  well, 
Unto  this  news  that  I  shall  tell ; 

386 


A  RELATION  OF  THE  CRUEL  MASSACRE 


The  truth  of  which  will  surely  make, 

Your  very  hearts  with  fear  to  quake. 

3  This  subject  strange  unto  our  sight, 

May  cause  lamenting  day  and  night; 

Then  mourn  with  me  all  you  that  hear, 
The  cruelties  I  shall  declare. 

4  Under  the  Duke  of  Savoy  now, 

There  lived  many  Christians  good; 

Who  constantly  profest  the  truth, 

And  seal’d  it  with  their  precious  blood. 

5  Gods  holy  word  they  did  obey, 

Which  was  the  onely  cause  that  they; 
Thus  cruelly  by  bloudy  men, 

Did  suffer  glorious  Martyrdom. 

6  A  bloudy  crew  of  wicked  men, 

Both  French  and  Irish,  all  in  arms, 

Did  fall  upon  these  Christians  good, 

Who  never  did  them  any  harm. 

7  But  all  of  them  were  quite  undone, 

And  eke  bereaved  of  their  wealth; 

Some  lost  their  limbs,  and  some  their  lives, 
And  others  they  were  starved  to  death. 

8  Some  others  there  were  burn’d  alive, 

And  others  tortured  grievously; 

And  others  put  into  hot  flames, 

’Cause  they  would  not  their  Faith  deny. 

387 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


9  Heaven  knows  how  many  thousands  there, 
Of  Christian  people  far  and  near; 

Most  cruelly  their  lives  did  lose, 

Because  the  Mass  they  would  not  use. 

10  Young  Children  that  were  newly  born, 
Whose  harmles  harts  thought  no  man  harm 
Before  their  Mothers  faces  dear, 

They  did  in  pieces  pull  and  tear. 

1 1  Their  brains  against  the  Rocks  and  stones, 
They  dashed  out,  whose  hideous  groans, 
Would  daunt  the  stoutest  man  with  fears, 
And  melt  a  flinty  heart  with  tears. 

12  To  hear  the  cries  and  grievous  mones, 

Of  Mothers  for  their  little  ones ; 

’Twas  very  sad  for  to  behold, 

Yet  nothing  mov’d  these  wretches  bold. 

1 3  And  when  those  Babes  were  dead  and  gon, 
And  bloudily  bereav’d  of  life; 

Those  wicked  wretches  then  began, 

To  execute  both  man  and  wife. 

14  The  men  they  flung  into  the  Flame, 

And  ript  up  women  void  of  shame ; 

And  for  no  other  cause  at  all, 

But  that  they  would  not  bow  and  fall, 

15  To  Idol  gods,  but  would  profess, 

Their  faith  in  Christ,  and  not  forsake, 

388 


A  RELATION  OF  THE  CRUEL  MASSACRE 


The  same  in  any  wise  at  all, 

The  Popish  faith  up  for  to  take. 

16  And  some  they  tyed  up  in  trees, 

Binding  their  heads  between  their  knees : 
And  others  they  did  boyl  also, 

And  of  their  brains  made  sawce  thereto. 

17  And  men  of  fourscore  years  of  age, 

They  made  the  subjects  of  their  rage; 

For  mighty  stakes  did  these  bloud-hounds 
Drive  through  their  bodies  into  the  ground. 

18  And  some  of  them  immediately, 

By  fire  were  scorched  grievously; 

And  after  raked  and  slasht  with  knives, 
Whereby  they  lost  their  precious  lives. 

19  The  reason  why  this  same  was  done, 

No  man  alive  can  justly  tell: 

But  sure  the  Actors  of  the  same, 

Their  bloudy  hearts  were  void  of  shame. 

20  Then  mourn  all  people  far  and  near, 

At  this  sad  news  which  now  you  hear ; 

To  doleful  pity  it  will  move, 

Your  hearts  if  you  the  Lord  do  love. 

2 1  Unto  the  Lord  let’s  cry  and  call, 

From  Papists  he  would  keep  us  all ; 

And  from  their  bloudy  cruel  hands, 

To  keep  us  safe  in  these  our  lands. 

389 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

22  And  let  us  on  our  bended  knees, 

Desire  of  God  that  he  would  please; 

Both  evening,  morning,  noon  and  night, 

To  keep  us  from  their  power  and  might. 

23  Thus  have  you  heard  a  tragedy, 

Of  woful  men  in  misery,1 

Whose  faith  and  zeal  their  hearts  did  move, 
To  suffer  for  their  God  above. 

24  Who  unto  death  the  love  did  show, 

That  unto  God  their  hearts  did  owe; 

And  with  such  heavenly  grace  they  dy’de, 
That  now  in  heaven  they  do  reside. 

LONDON:  Printed  for  lohn  Andrews ,  at  the  White  Lyon 

in  the  Old-Bayly.  165  5. 


1  Period. 


39° 


6o 

A  kiss  of  a  seaman 

C.  20.  f.  14  (16),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

This  spirited  love-song  is  the  work  of  Samuel  Smithson  (cf.  No.  73), 
a  prolific  writer  of  ballads  and  chap-books.  Various  ballads  signed  with 
his  initials  (which  J.  W.  Ebsworth  interpreted  as  Samuel  Sheppard) 
will  be  found  in  the  Roxburgh e  Ballads ;  a  few  others  occur  in  the 
Pepys  and  Wood  Collections.  Among  his  chap-books  may  be  mentioned 
Paradoxes  or  Encomions  in  the  Praise  of  Being  Lozvsey,  etc.  (1653), 
The  Figure  of  Nine  ( ca .  1660),  and  The  Famous  History  of  Guy 
Earl  of  Warwick  (1678).  In  1656  Smithson  was  ranked,  by  an  ironic 
author,  with  Laurence  Price  and  Humphrey  Crouch  as  one  of  bal¬ 
ladry’s  “glorious  three”  (cf.  p.  67).  I  have  found  no  other  reference 
to  him.  For  another  ballad  on  the  delights  of  kissing — and  it  is  not 
limited  to  seamen! — see  No.  70. 

The  tune  comes  from  the  refrain, 

Leave  thee,  leave  thee,  I’ll  not  leave  thee, 

O  so  loath  I  am  to  leave  thee, 

of  “A  Conscionable  Couple.  To  a  curious  new  tune;  or,  The  Faithful 
Friend ”  ( Roxburghe  Ballads ,  III,  561). 


* 


391 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


&  of  a  is>ea=man’jS  Saaortfj 
ttoo  of  another. 

<©m 

tPje  Jtlaibens  Hopaltp. 

The  SEA-MAN  is  her  chosen  Mate f 
Till  Breath  and  Life  are  out  of  date. 


To  the  Tune  of,  Leave  thee ,  &c. 


1  When  Venus  did  my  mind  inspire, 

And  set  my  love-sick  heart  on  fire, 

Young  Cupid  with  a  strict  Commission, 

Did  nurse  me  with  his  own  tuition: 

Love’s  grown  so  hot  that  I  can’t  it  smother; 
A  Kiss  of  a  Sea-man' s  worth  two  of  another. 

2  When  first  I  chanc’t  to  be  among  men, 

I  was  belov’d  of  divers  young  men; 

1  Period. 


392 


A  KISS  OF  A  SEAMAN 


And  with  a  modest  mild  behaviour, 

They  did  intreat  my  love  and  favour : 

But  this  I  learned  of  my  mother, 

A  Kiss  of  a  Sea-man' s  worth  two  of  another . 

3  Brave  Gentlemen  of  rank  and  fashion, 

That  live  most  richly  in  the  Nation, 

Have  woo’d  and  su’d,  as  brave  as  may  be, 
That  I  might  have  been  a  pretty  Lady. 

Loves  fiery  beams  I  cannot  smother, 

A  Kiss  of  a  Sea-man' s  worth  two  of  another. 

4  A  many  Trads-men  of  the  City, 

And  Citizens  both  wise  and  witty, 

Have  sought  my  love  and  true  affection 
(Which  Cupid  hath  to  his  protection.) 

I  learn’d  this  lesson  of  my  mother, 

A  Kiss  of  a  Sea-man' s  worth  two  of  another . 

5  A  Baker,  Brewer  and  a  Weaver, 

All  these  did  use  their  best  endeavour, 

Rich  costly  gifts  they  did  present  me; 

But  none  of  these  could  once  content  me : 

For  this  lie  say  to  my  own  mother, 

A  Kiss  of  a  Sea  man' s  worth  two  of  another. 

6  A  Goldsmith  gave  to  me  a  Iewel, 

And  said  that  I  was  too  too  cruel. 

Quoth  he,  Sweet-heart,  do  not  so  slight  me, 
’Tis  thy  true  love  that  will  delight  me. 

Love’s  grown  so  hot  that  I  can’t  it  smother; 
A  Kiss  of  a  Sea  man' s  worth  two  of  another. 

393 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 
)t  geconb  iPart,  GCo  tfje  game  QEune. 


7  A  Mariner  both  true  and  loyal, 

Has  prov’d  my  heart  by  constant  trial, 

(By  Cupids  Dart  he’s  made  a  Free-man) 

And  whilest  I  live  lie  love  a  Sea-man, 

Far  dearer  then  my  own  dear  Brother, 

A  Kiss  of  a  Sea-man's  worth  two  of  another . 

8  As  faithfully  I  thus  have  spoken, 

My  Vows  and  Oaths  shall  not  be  broken; 

Let  sun-shine,  rain,  hail,  snow,  or  thunder, 

We  two  will  never  part  asunder, 

Till  death  doth  take  one  from  the  other: 

A  Kiss  of  a  Sea-man' s  worth  two  of  another. 

9  And  when  my  Love  is  on  the  Ocean, 
lie  pray  for  him  with  true  devotion, 

From  rocks  and  sands  to  be  defended, 

And  Pyrates  knocks  that  have  offended : 

But  this  I  learn’d  of  my  own  mother, 

A  Kiss  of  a  Sea-man' s  worth  two  of  another. 

10  Brave  Sea-men2  pass  through  many  dangers, 

And  somtimes  sail  like  unknown  strangers; 

When  storms  and  tempests  they  go  thorow, 

Then  is  my  heart  perplext  with  sorrow. 

I  love  my  love  above  all  other, 

For  a  Kiss  of  a  Seaman' s  worth  two  of  another. 

1 1  When  winds  do  blow,  and  gusts  are  risen, 

The  Main-sail,  Top-sail,  and  the  Misen, 

And  all  their  tacklings  brave  and  nimbly, 

2  T ext  Sea-man. 


394 


A  KISS  OF  A  SEAMAN 


They  do  handle  very  trimly : 

But  this  I  learned  of  my  mother, 

That  a  Kiss  of  a  Seaman  s  worth  two  of  another. 

12  Our  Sea-men  they  are  noble  fellows, 

And  steer  upon  the  surging  billows ; 

Though  many  fools  do  prate  and  bable,3 
Our  English  men  are  proved  able: 

I  will  forsake  both  father  and  mother, 

For  a  Kiss  of  a  Seaman' s  worth  two  of  another. 

13  If  I  seven  years  am  forc’d  to  tarry, 

With  no  false  young  man  will  I  marry; 

A  Sea-man  hath  in  his  possession 

My  heart  assign’d  by  Joves  permission: 

Loves  fiery  beams  I  cannot  smother, 

A  Kiss  of  a  Sea-man' s  worth  two  of  another. 

14  Fair  Maids  that  are  to  Love  devoted, 

Let  loyalty  be  still  promoted, 

Until  the  world  shall  be  dissolved : 

For  I  am  absolute  resolved 

To  leave  both  father  and  my  mother. 

For  a  Kiss  of  a  Seaman' s  worth  two  of  another. 

s.  s. 

LONDON:  Printed  for  lohn  Andrews,  at  the  White  Lyon 

in  the  Old-Bayly.  165  5. 


3  Period. 


395 


No  ring, ,  no  wedding 

Manchester,  II,  4,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts. 

Robert  Ibbitson  registered  this  ballad  at  Stationers’  Hall  on  March 
12,  1656  (Eyre’s  Transcript,  II,  35).  It  is  a  pleasing  ditty  of  some 
interest  as  stressing  the  obvious  fact  that  relations  between  Cavaliers 
and  Roundheads  were  not  always  hostile.  John  Hammond,  the  printer 
(cf.  page  45),  was  a  Roundhead;  but  here  he  presents  a  Cavalier 
maiden  who  lays  down  the  law  to  her  Roundhead  suitor,  successfully 
(so  it  appears)  demanding  a  marriage  ceremony  in  which  what  the 
suitor  had  called  “Popish  rites”  are  included.  An  American  is  naturally 
reminded  of  the  innumerable  novels  of  the  Civil  War  in  which  a 
Northern  man,  usually  an  army  officer,  falls  in  love  with  a  rebel  girl 
from  the  South,  marries  her,  and  lives  happily  ever  after. 

With  “No  Ring,  No  Wedding”  should  be  compared  Hudibras ,  III, 
ii,  303  f.,  and  the  ballad  “To  a  Fair  Lady  weeping  for  her  Husband 
committed  to  Prison  by  the  Parliament,”  of  about  the  same  date,  that 
is  preserved  in  A  Collection  of  Loyal  Songs  Written  against  the  Rump 
Parliament ,  1731,  I,  254.  There  we  are  told  that  the  husband  was 
imprisoned  because,  among  other  offenses, 

Imprimis ,  He  was  married  late, 

With  a  Gold  Ring  unto  a  Dame, 

Would  make  the  best  of  us  a  Mate; 

Witty,  Pretty,  Young,  and  Quaint, 

And  fairer  than  our  selves  can  Paint. 


I  do  not  know  the  tune  of  The  Parson  of  the  Parish  (which  I  ob¬ 
serve  is  used  also  in  a  fragmentary  ballad  in  the  Manchester  Collection, 
II,  5  3).  Obviously,  however,  it  cannot  fit  both  parts  of  the  ballad.  It 
is  doubtful,  too,  in  spite  of  the  title,  whether  the  maiden  sings  the 
entire  second  part.  Stanzas  10  and  11,  for  example,  do  not  harmonize 
with  the  coyness  shown  by  the  maid  in  her  earlier  speeches  and,  in¬ 
deed,  seem  to  be  intended  for  the  young  man. 

396 


NO  RING,  NO  WEDDING 

J?o  3&tng,  no  Webbing; 

!3  tnerrp  neto  g>ong  of  tfje  toootng  tfjccc  teas, 

’©rnxt  a  jealous  goungman,  anb  a  Cabalier  Hasse, 
J&e  tooos  (anb  tooulb  toeb)  esfje  toill  Ijabe  no  sue!)  tfjing, 
iHnlessie  sfje  map  marrteb  lie  toitfj  a  3&ing 
ffiabe  3aibons,  anb  (globes,  IRoScmatp,  anb  JSapcS,1 
Snb  all  things  tfjat  toere  in  fjer  fore=JfatfjerS  bapes. 

The  Tune  is,  The  Parson  of  the  Parish. 


Y oung-man. 

l  Sweet-Heart  I  come  unto  thee, 
hoping  thy  Love  to  win, 

I  meane  to  try,  thy  courtisie, 
and  thus  I  doe  begin: 

If  thou  wilt  be  my  Sweeting, 
then  I  will  be  thy  Deare, 

What  think’st  of  me,  shall  I  have  thee, 
thou  pretty  Cavalier. 


Maid. 

2  Good  Sir  you  do  but  mock  me, 
your  mind  is  nothing  so, 

You’l  speake  of  Love,  my  thoughts  to  prove, 
and  then  away  you’l  go : 

For  if  you  be  a  Round-head, 

(as  to  me  it  doth  appeare,) 

You  cannot  (yet,)  your  fancy  set, 
upon  a  Cavalier. 


1  Text  Baves. 


397 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Y oung-man. 

3  Sweet-Heart  I  speake  in  earnest,2 

thy  beauty  hath  me  taine, 

And  my  true-love,  to  thee  (my  Dove,) 
for  ever  shall  remaine : 

My  true  affections  to  thee, 

such  zealous  thoughts  doth  beare, 

If  thou  consent,  I  am  content, 
my  pretty  Cavalier. 

Maid. 

4  Your  Sect  is  bent  to  false-hood, 

and  I  indeed  am  jealous, 

That  this  is  but,  the  shell  o’  th’  Nut, 
though  your  pretence  be  zealous : 

You  have  no  cause  to  blame  me, 
but  I  have  cause  to  feare, 

’Twould  be  your  sport,  to  winne  the3  Fort, 
and  spoyle  the  Cavalier. 

Y  oung-man. 

5  My  dearest  do  not  doubt  me, 

my  Heart  and  Tongue  agree, 

Now  Cupids  Dart,  hath  prick’ t  my  Heart, 
I  love  no  Lasse  but  thee : 

To  morrow  weed  be  married, 
then  take  it  for  no  jeere, 

In  word  and  deed,  I  am  agreed, 
to  wed  my  Cavalier. 


3  Text  thre  or  thee. 

398 


2  Text  apparently  earnet. 


NO  RING,  NO  WEDDING 

Maid. 

6  Sweet  Sir  you  are  too  hasty, 

to  speake  of  such  a  thing, 

If  I  should  yeild,  to  you  the  Feild, 
where  is  your  Wedding-Ring: 

Your  Bride-Gloves  &  your  Ribons 
with  other  things  that  were, 

Fit  for  a  Bride,  all  things  provide, 
lie  be  your  Cavalier. 

Y oung-man. 

7  These  are  but  Ceremonies, 

belong  to  Popery, 

Therefore  we  will,  not  use  them  still 
but  all  such  toyes  defie: 

Weed  hand  in  hand  together, 
conjoyne  (with  joyfull  cheare,) 

Few  words  wee’le  need,  lie  doe  the  deed, 
with  thee  sweet  Cavalier. ^ 

®fje  Seccrnb  part,  being  tfje  matben#  anstoer.5 

8  Sweet-Heart  for  thy  sake, 

I  will  never  make, 

Choyce  of  any  other, 

Then6  by  Cupids  Mother, 
freely  speake, 

It’s  at  thy  choyce  my  dearest  Love, 

Either  to  leave  or  take. 


Comma. 

Text  answe  (sic). 
Text  They. 


399 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


9  I,  thy  Mary  gold, 

Wrapt  in  many  fold, 

Like  the  golden  clyent, 

To  the  Suns  supply ent, 
shew  it’s  gold : 

Display  thy  beames  by  glorious  Sun, 
And  lie  to  thee  unfold. 

10  Those  bright  locks  of  haire, 
Spreading  o’ re  each  eare, 

Every  chrisp  and  curie, 

Far  more  rich  then  Pearle, 

doth  appeare : 

Then  be  thou  constant  in  thy  love, 
And  I  will  be  thy  Deare. 

1 1  Till  I  have  posest, 

Thee  whom  I  love  best, 

I  have  vow’d  for  ever, 

In  thy  absence  never, 

to  take  rest : 

Deny  me  not  thou  pretty  little  one, 
in  whome  my  hopes  are  blest. 


12  If  a  kisse  or  two, 

Can  thee  a  favour  do, 

Were  it  more  then  twenty, 

Loves  indu’d  with  plenty, 

Lovers  know : 

For  thy  sweet  sake,  a  thousand  take, 
For  that’s  the  wav  to  woo. 

j 

400 


NO  RING,  NO  WEDDING 

13  It  doth  grieve  my  heart, 

From  thee  for  to  part, 

It  is  to  me  more  pleasant, 

Ever  to  be  present, 
where  thou  art : 

Yet  in  the  absence  of  a  Friend, 

My  love  shall  never  start. 

14  As  to  me  thou’rt  kind, 

Duty  shall  me  bind, 

Ever  to  obey  thee, 

Reason  so  doth  sway  mee, 

to  thy  mind, 

Thou  hast  my  heart,  where  ere  thou  art, 
Although  I  stay  behind. 

15  In  the  Bed  or  Barke, 

I  will  be  thy  marke, 

Couples  yet  more  loving, 

Never  had  their  moving, 

from  the  Arke: 

Welcome  to  me  my  onely  joy 

All  times  be  it  light  or  darke. 

Printed  at  Londo?i  by  John  Hamond. 


401 


62 

The  Quakers'  fear 

Wood  401  (165),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts,  one  of  which 
(a  Pope  with  a  triple  crown)  is  labelled  “James  Parnell,  The  Quaker.” 

Coles  and  his  three  partners  registered  “The  Quakers  feare,  &c”  on 
April  25,  1656  (Eyre’s  Transcript,  II,  54).  Very  interesting  is  the 
phrase  at  the  end  of  the  ballad,  “This  is  Licenced  according  to  Order.”1 
This  is  perhaps  the  earliest  occurrence  of  the  phrase,  which  after  1660 
was  customary;  it  indicates  that  in  1656  as  well  as  after  1660,  although 
entries  were  made  in  the  register,  an  official  appointed  expressly  for 
that  purpose,  not  the  clerk  of  the  Company  of  Stationers,  had  seen  and 
allowed  the  work. 

Laurence  Price  had  no  patience  with  religious  sects.  Here  he  merely 
repeats  contemporary  falsehoods,  gravely  warning  all  Quakers  that  bad 
ends  are  sure  to  come  to  them  for  their  impious  beliefs.  James  Parnel 
himself  is  a  tragic  figure,  comparable  to  his  unfortunate  co-religionist 
James  Naylor.  Though  very  young  (he  was  probably  born  in  1637), 
Parnel  had  distinguished  himself  both  as  a  religious  debater  and  as  a 
pamphleteer.  In  July,  165  5,  he  was  arrested  and  imprisoned  at  Col¬ 
chester  Castle  as  “an  idle  and  disorderly  person.”  A  few'  weeks  later 
he  was  tried  at  Chelmsford,  fined  £40  for  contempt  of  authorities, 
and,  in  default  of  payment,  returned  to  prison.  His  treatment  in  the 
castle  was  most  severe,  though  for  a  time  he  was  allowed  to  see  George 
Fox  ( Journal^  1765,  pp.  103,  141),  George  Whitehead,  and  other 
friends.  Price  has  grotesquely  departed  from  the  truth  (following  Dr. 
Francis  Glisson’s  A  True  and  Lamentable  Relation  of  the  Most  Des¬ 
perate  Death  of  Janies  Parnel ,  Quakers  Who  Wilfully  Starved  Himself 
in  the  Prison  of  Colchester )  in  telling  of  Parnel’s  hunger-strike.  As 
a  matter  of  fact,  the  unhappy  prisoner  was  confined  in  a  deep  hole  and 

1  “Entered  according  to  Order”  occurs  also  on  Francis  Grove’s  “A  new  way 
of  Hunting”  (Manchester,  I,  9),  a  ballad  registered  on  May  30,  1656. 

402 


THE  QUAKERS’  FEAR 


compelled  to  receive  food  by  climbing  up  a  rope  twelve  feet  to  the 
opening.  One  da y,  weakened  by  confinement,  he  fell,  and  he  never 
recovered  from  the  injuries  thus  sustained.  He  died,  after  ten  months’ 
imprisonment,  on  April  10  (see  the  Diary  of  the  Rev.  Ralfh  Josselin , 
ed.  Camden  Society,  p.  115),  and  was  buried  in  the  castle-yard.  An 
inquest  found  that  he  had  wilfully  rejected  food  and  had  brought 
about  his  own  death. 

A  reply  to  Glidden’s  pamphlet,  and  possibly  to  the  ballad,2  was 
published  by  Parnel’s  friends  under  the  title  of  The  Lamb's  Defence 
against  Lies.  And  a  True  Testimony  Given  Concerning  the  Sufferings 
and  Death  of  James  Parnell.  See  further  the  sketch  in  the  Dictionary 
of  National  Biography ,  where  the  dates  of  Parnel’s  death  and  of  the 
inquest  are  obviously  incorrect. 

For  the  tune  cf.  Nos.  6  and  59. 


2  On  May  5,  1656,  Francis  Grove  licensed  a  ballad  called  “A  warning-  for 
all  Quakers,  or,  a  wonder  to  bee  wondered  at,  or  a  briefe  and  true  relation  of 
the  ungodly  life  and  miserable  deathe  of  James  Parnell  a  quaker,  &c.,”  but 
this  seems  to  be  lost. 


4°3 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

otjssmbr*  jreaaa. 

OR, 

Monberfull  strange  anil  true  JletoS  from  tfje  famous 
Ccton  of  Colchester  in  Essex,  Sfjetotng  tfje  manner  fjoto 
one  James  Parnel,  a  (Quaker  bp  profession,  took  upon 
f)im  to  fast  ttoelbe  baps  anb  ttoelbe  nigtjts  toitfjout  anp 
sustenance  at  al!,  anb  calleb  tfje  people  tfjat  toere  jjis  folloto= 
ers  or  -Disciples,  anb  saib  tfjat  all  tfje  people  of  Cnglanb 
tfjat  toere  not  of  tfjeir  Congregation,  toere  all  bamneb  crea= 
tures.  (Qf  fjis  klaspfjemous  Uife  anb  scanbalous  Deatfj  in 
tfje  57 apt  at  Colchester  tfjis  present  montf)  of  April  1656. 
pou  sfjal  fjere  fjabe  a  full  delation. 


The  tune  is.  Summer  time.  Or  bleeding  Heart. 


1  O  God  the  Father  of  us  all, 

which  made  the  Heavens,  the  Sea  and  land 
Assist  us  with  thy  holy  Spirit, 

And  guid  us  with  thy  powerfull  hand. 

2  Let  not  the  Devil  our  master  be, 

Who  seeks  our  Souls  for  to  devour, 

But  give  us  grace  to  arm  our  selves 
That  he  of  us  may  have  no  power. 

3  A  strange  and  true  example  here 
I  am  prepared  to  declare, 

Because  that  others  may  take  heed, 

And  learn  the  living  Lord  to  fear. 

4  A  man  James  Parnel  call’d  by  name, 
Committed  hath  such  heynous  crimes, 

404 


THE  QUAKERS’  FEAR 


That  very  well  he  may  be  team’d 
To  be  the  wonder  of  our  times. 

5  He  went  about  from  place  to  place, 

And  undertook  to  preach  and  teach, 
And  matters  he  did  meddle  with, 

That  were  to  high  above  his  reach. 

6  The  holy  Bible  he  despised, 

And  was  a  Quaker  by  profession, 

And  said  they  all  were  damn’d  to  Hell 
That  were  not  of  his  Congregation. 

7  Good  Ministers  he  set  at  naught, 

And  made  disturbance  up  and  down, 
Where  ever  he  did  come  or  goe, 

Both  in  the  Countrey  and  the  Town. 

8  Yet  many  people  followed  him, 

Which  he  did  his  Disciples  call, 

And  they  did  believe  what  ever"  he  said, 
To  be  the  truest  way  of  all. 

9  But  for  his  wicked  blasphemy 
He  apprehended  was  at  last, 

And  unto  Colchesters  layl  was  sent, 

And  there  in  prison  kept  full  fast. 

10  Now  while  that  he  was  in  the  layl, 

He  to  the  people  thus  did  say, 

That  he  strange  miracles  would  doe, 
Before  he  parted  thence  awa)^. 

3  Text  evar. 


405 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


1 1  As  Christ  had  fasted  forty  dayes, 

And  never  at  all  did  drink  nor  eat, 

Nor  in  his  body  entred  not, 

So  much  as  one  small  grain  of  Wheat. 

12  So  will  I  do  James  Parnel  said, 

Because  you  all  shall  know  and  see, 

That  I  am  a  Prophet  of  the  Lord, 

And  them  that  will  beleeve  in  me 

13  Shall  have  eternall  joyes  in  heaven 
Amongst  the  Souls  whom  God  hath  blest, 

But  those  that  will  not  me  beleeve, 

Shall  never  come  where  Saints  doe  rest. 

14  A  many  such  blasphemous4  werds 
He  to  the  people  then  did  speak, 

And  twelve  long  dayes,  and  as  many  nights, 
To  fast  he  then  did  undertake.5 6 

15  Wherefore0  a  strict  command  was  given 
that  every  one  should  searched  be, 

Whether  they  brought  victuals  with  them  or  no 
When  they  James  Parnel  came  to  see. 

16  Ten7  dayes  this  sinful  wretch  did  fast, 

And  took  no  sustenance  at  all : 

Now  mark  and  you  shall  understand 
What  after  did  to  him  befall. 


4  Text  blasph[]mous. 

5  Comma. 

6  The  third  column  (really  “The  Second  Part”)  begins  here. 

7  Text  Ton. 


406 


THE  QUAKERS’  FEAR 


17  The  eleventh  day  he  call’d  for  food, 

And  said  that  he  had  order  given, 

To  fall  unto  his  meat  again, 

By  an  Angell  which  was  sent  from  heaven. 

18  Them  that  attended  on  him  then, 

With  speed  prepar’d  and  brought  him  food, 

But  when  he  eat  and  fed  thereon 

God  knows  it  did  more  harm  then  good, 

19  For  all  that  he  did  swallow  down, 

His  body  being  out  of  frame, 

It  would  not  in  his  entrails  stay, 

But  as  it  went  in  so  out  it  came. 

20  There  was  nothing  that  he  did  receive, 

But  forc’d  a  passage  presently, 

Quite  through  his  guts,  &  downwards  came, 
Which  brought  him  to  much  misery. 

21  He  did  desire  then  to  go 

Up  to  the  leads  that  were  so  high, 

At  the  very  top  of  all  the  house, 

But  that  his  Keeper  did  deny. 

22  For  fear  that  he  should  break  his  neck  down, 
They  durst  not  let  him  for  to  goe. 

So  he  was  forced  for  to  stay 
Below  whether  he  would  or  no. 

23  So  like  to  cursed  Tantalus, 

He  in  the  midst  of  plenty  starv’d, 

No  matter  if  such  hypocrites 
For  their  deserts  were  all  so  serv’d. 


407 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


24  When  thirteen  dayes  came  to  an  end, 

This  wofull  pittifull  Quaker  dy’d, 

Having  famished  himselfe  to  death, 

As  is  for  certain  verified. 

25  The  Iury-men  that  on8  him  sate 
After  that  he  had  lost  his  breath, 

Did  find  him  guilty  of  that  crime, 

So  he  was  author  of  his  own  death. 

26  Those  that  were  his  Disciples  call’d, 

Believed  in  him,  and  thus  did  say, 

Their  Master  James  would  rise  from  death 
As  Christ  did  do  on  the  third  day. 

27  Wherefore  they  watcht  three  days  with  him, 
But  all  their  watching  was  in  vain, 

For  when  they  had  watcht  their  eyes  all  sore 
They  never  saw  him  rise  again. 

28  Thus  he  his  own  destruction  wrought, 

Through  Satans  wiles,  and  false  delusion, 

I  wish  all  Quakers  to  take  heed, 

Lest  they  come9  to  the  like  confusion. 

29  And  to  conclude,  let  every  one 

Pray  to  the  Lord  both  day  and  night, 

That  hee’l  be  pleas’d  for  to  direct, 

And  guide  us  in  the  wayes  of  right. 

Jftms. 

L.P. 

Printed  for  F.  Coles,  J.  Wright,  T.  Vere,  and  W.  Gilbertson. 
This  is  Licenced  according  to  Order. 

8  Text  ou.  9  Text  couje. 

408 


63 

A  new  merry  dialogue 


C.  20.  f.  14-  (6),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts.  There  is 
another  copy,  Wood  E.  25  (85),  in  the  Bodleian. 

Gilbertson  licensed  this  ballad  as  “A  new  merry  dialogue  between 
John  and  Besse”  on  May  15,  1656  (Eyre’s  Transcript ,  II,  58).  It  is 
a  rhythmically  attractive  ballad  in  Laurence  Price’s  favorite  vein.  I 
have  not  found  the  tune. 


SI  M eto  metrp  ©ialogue  betboeene  Hfofm  anb  JSesteee 
ttoo  lu£tp  brabe  Hober#  of  tbe  Country, 

<&vf  a  contagious:  bmp  of  Wooing* 

The  Y oung-man  very  willing  was  to  marry , 
The  Maid  was  loath  a  longer  time  to  tarrie , 
But  when  this  couple  were  agreed 
They  married  were  with  all  the  speed. 

Then  list  and  I  will  plainly  tell 
How  every  thing  in  order  fell. 


The  tune  is,  sweet  George  l  love  thee } 

l  I  Am  a  Batchelour  bold  and  brave, 
sweet  Besse  now  I  come  to  thee, 

Thy  love  is  the  thing  that  I  doe  crave, 
which  makes  me  thus  for  to  wooe  thee : 
IVty  heart  is  inflamed  with  Cupids  hot  fire, 
One  drop  of  thy  mercy  to  coole  I  desire, 


1  Comma. 


4°9 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


If  thou  wilt  but  grant  unto  what  I  require, 
I  vow  no  harme  to  doe  thee. 


2  Ever  since  the  first  time  that  I  did  thee  see, 

faire  Besse  now  I  come  to  thee, 

My  heart  and  affection  was  linked  to  thee, 
which  makes  me  thus  for  to  wooe  thee : 

And  now  I  am  come  for  to  tell  thee  my  mind, 

As  true  loves  strong  fettered  chains  doth  me  bind, 
If  thou  unto2  me  wilt  be  courteous  and  kind, 

I  vow  no  harme  for  to  doe  thee. 

3  lie  buy  thee  silk  Ribbons,  ile  buy  the  gold  Rings 

sweet  Besse  now  I  come  to  thee, 

Black-bag  and  silk  Apron  and  other  rare  things, 
see  now  how3  I  doe  wooe  thee : 

New  gown  and  new  petticoat,  new  hose  &  shooes, 
A  new  beaver  Hat  the  best  that  I  can  chuse, 
Prethee  Love  doe  not  my  proffers  refuse,4 
all  this  good  will  I  doe  thee. 

4  Thou  shalt  have  thy  servants  on  thee  to  attend/ 

sweet  Besse  now  I  come  to  thee, 

My  purse  and  my  person  thy  life  shall  defend, 
my  suit  is  still  for  to  wooe  thee, 

My  goods  &  my  substance  my  house  and  my  land, 
My  mind  and  my  sences  my  heart  and  my  hand, 
Thou  shalt  every  houre  have  at  thy  command, 
all  this  good  I  will  doe  to  thee. 


Text  nowhow. 


6  Text  attcn. 


2  Text  uuto. 


3 


4  T ext  rsfuse. 

410 


A  NEW  MERRY  DIALOGUE 


5  Thou  shalt  have  varieties  what  thou  wilt  wish, 

sweet  Besse  now  I  come  to  thee, 

Served  in  at  thy  Table  of  Flesh  and  of  Fish, 
my  suit  is  still  for  to  wooe  thee  :G 
Thou  shalt  have  larks,  chickens,  hens,7  capon  or 
coney, 

And  any  hne  fare  that  can  be  bought  for  money 
If  thou’lts  be  my  True-love,  my  Ioy  &  my  Floney, 
all  this  I  will  doe  for  thee. 

6  More-over  a  faithfull  promise  I  make, 

sweet  Besse  now  I  come  to  thee, 

Whilst  breath’s  in  my  body  ile  not  thee  forsake, 
as  sure9  as  now  I  doe  wooe  thee : 

Then  prethee  faire  Besse  ease  me  of  my  paine, 
And  doe  not  repay  my  true  love  with  disdain, 

But  as  I  have  lov’d  thee  so  love  me  againe, 
and  Ile  be  faithfull  unto  thee. 

fieconb  iPart,  to  tfje  Same  tune.10 

7  Kind  John  I  protest  thou  art  welcome  to  me, 

since  thou  art  come  for  to  wooe  me; 

Ten  thousand  to  one  but  v/ee  two  shall  agree, 
now  thou  com’st  lovingly  to  me, 

Thy  love  and  thy  labour  is  not  lost  in  vaine, 

For  thus  in  few  words  I  will  tell  thee  here  plain, 
If  thou  com’st  at  midnight  ile  thee  entertaine, 

I  know  no  harme  thou’lt8  doe  me. 

8  I  have  kept  my  maiden-head  twenty  long  yeare, 

before  you  come  to  wooe  me, 

6  Text  theer.  7  Text  heus  (sic). 

&  Text  thoul’t.  ^Text  suro.  10  No  period. 

411 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


And  many  a  brave  gallant  that  loved  me  deare, 
made  suite  often  unto11  me: 

But  I  for  my  own1"  part  could  love  never  a  man, 
Let  them  use  the  chiefest  of  skill  that  they  can, 
Untill13  the  time  came  that  I  met  with  my  lohn, 

I  know  no  harme  thou’lt14  doe  me. 

9  You  promis’d10  me  gold  and  you  promis’d  me  fee, 
when  you  came  first  for  to  wooe  me, 

Because  that  I  your  true  Lover  should  be, 
these  knacks  you  proffered  unto  me : 

You  promis’d  me  scarffs  &  you  promis’d  me10  rings, 
Silk  gown  and  silk  apron  and  many  brave  things, 
The  which  to  my  presence  much  comfort  it  brings, 

I  know  much  good  you  will  doe  me. 

10  Gay  garments  are  good  sir  of  which  I  except, 

now  }^ou  so  lovingly  wooe  me, 

Your  Silver  is  better  I  doe  it  respect, 
both  those  are  welcome  unto11  me, 

But  your  proper  person  exceeds  all  the  rest, 

For  you  are  the  creature  that  I  doe  love  best 
I  had  rather  have  you  then  have  gold  in  my  chest, 
for  I  know  no  harme  you’l17  doe  me. 

1 1  To  bind  up  the  bargaine  and  finish  the  strif  e, 

seeing  you  came  hither  to  wooe  me, 

*  I  prethee  come  quickly  and  make  me  thy  wife, 

I  know  no  harme  you’l  doe  me, 

And  when  wee  art  married  thou  shalt  have  thy  will 
To  clip  and  to  kisse  and  to  use  thine  own  will, 

11  Text  uuto.  12  Text  myown.  13  Text  Uutill. 

14  Text  thoul’t.  13  Text  promis[]d.  16  Text  mr.  17  Text  you[]  1. 


412 


A  NEW  MERRY  DIALOGUE 


I  am  thine  own  true  love  and  so  will  be  still, 
now  I  come  merrily  to  thee. 

12  This  lusty  young  couple  being  joyntly  agreed, 
when  he  came  for  to  wooe  her, 

To  Church  then  they  went  and  were  married  with 
speed, 

then  he  bravely  came  to  her : 

Together  they  went  as  True-lovers  should, 

He  gave  her  gay  garments  &  rings  of  rich  Gold, 
And  when  they  their  tales  had  so  pleasantly  told, 
he  did  no  harme  unto  her. 

L.P. 

London  Printed  for  William  Gilbertson,  Gil  [t]-[S]  pur-street. 1S 


18  Text  blurred  and  defective.  No  period. 


The  two  jeering  lovers 


C.  20.  f.  14  (2),  B.  L.,  five  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

Gilbertson  registered  this  ballad  on  May  15,  1656  (Eyre’s  Tran¬ 
script ,  II,  58),  as  “The  two  feering  [sic]  lovers,  &c.”  Price  and  his 
fellows  delighted  in  ballads  depicting  lovers  in  this  fashion,  though  the 
modern  reader  may  be  repelled  by  the  coarseness  of  expression,  and  will, 
in  any  case,  not  greatly  admire  the  patience  of  Dick. 

The  tune  is  named  from  the  first  line  of  Price’s  own  ballad  of 
“Love’s  Fierce  Desire”  ( Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VI,  67),  which  was  to  be 
sung  either  to  Now  the-  tyrant  hath  stolen  my  dearest  away  or  Fair 
angel  of  England .  “Fair  angel  of  England”  is  the  first  line  of  “The 
Princely  Wooing  of  the  Fair  Maid  of  London  by  King  Edward.  To 
the  tune  of  Bonny  sweet  RobinT  The  tunes  of  Now  the  tyrant  and 
Bonny  sweet  Robin  were  interchangeable:  the  former  is  given  in  John 
Playford’s  Musical  Companion ,  1667,  p.  226,  the  latter  in  Chappell’s 
Popular  Music ,  I,  234. 


414 


THE  TWO  JEERING  LOVERS 

tZTfje  (too  peering  JLoberfi: 

<©r,  !3  pleasant  Jleto  ©talogue  brttoeen  ©iefe  ©ohm= 
right  of  tfje  Conn  tip,  anb  prettp  bnttp  J?ancp  of  tfjc 
Citie:  fflfje  manner  of  tfjetr  toooing,  toinning,  anb 
toebbtng  fifjall  be  relateb  tn  tfjsst  enduing  ©ittp. 

To  a  dainty  new  tune,  called,  Now  the  tyrant  hath  stolen ,  &c. 

Dick. 

1  Come  hither  sweet  Nancy , 

and  sit  down  by  me, 

These  long  seven  Winters 
I  have  loved  thee: 

Then  give  me  my  answer 
if  that  thou  canst  love  me, 

Or  else  say  me  no  then 
my  pretty  Nancy. 

Nancy. 

2  Stand  further1  Sir  Lobcock 

and  trouble  not  me, 

I  had  rather  with  Pistols 
and  Guns  to  be  shot, 

Or  borun  through  with  Rapiers, 
then  suffer  disgrace, 

For  to  have  such  a  Buzzard 
to  breath  in  my  Face. 

Dick. 

3  Sweet  Nan  doe  not  hold  me 

so  much  in  disdain. 


3  Text  furth[]r. 


4U 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


But  as  I  love  thee,  prethee 
love  me  again. 

There’s  nothing  on  earth 
in  the  world  to  be  had, 

But  I  will  procure  it 
to  make  my  love  glad. 

4  He  buy  thee  new  Beaver 

and  a  dai’nty  silk  Gown, 

And  a  Taffety  Apron 
the  best  in  the  Town, 

Fine  Hose  and  fine  Shooes 
and  a  brave  Holland  Smock, 
Thou  well  mayst  believe  me, 
for  I  doe  not  mock. 

5  He  buy  thee  a  scarf  that  is 

very  compleat, 

And  costly  head  Tyero 
both  handsome  and  neat : 

He  buy  thee  rare  Bracelets 
and  such  pretious  things, 
Perfum’d  gloves  and  Ribbons, 
and  gallant  gold  Rings. 

Nancy. 

6  He  none  of  thy  Ribbons, 

nor  none  of  thy  Gold, 

I  had  rather  to  suffer 
both  hunger  and  cold, 

Then  to  match  with  a  Clown 
which  my  mind  cannot  brook; 

416 


THE  TWO  JEERING  LOVERS 

Nor  can  I  abide  thee 
once  on  me  to  look. 

Dick.2 

7  Why  what  is  the  reason 

thou  shouldst  me  disgrace"? 

I  pray  thee  in  plain  terms 
speak  to  my  face. 

Or  what  is  the  cause  thou 
canst  not  fancy  me"? 

That  ever  was  faithfull 
and  true  unto  me.3 

Nancy. 

8  The  reason  is  this 

if  you’l  have  it  so, 

Thou  like  to  a  Sloven  dost 
every  day  goe, 

Ther  fore  take  good  notice 
and  mark  what  I  say, 

I’d  not  have  thee  if  thoult  give  me 
a  Noble  a  day. 

9  Thy  eyes  stand  asquint, 

thy  nose  stands  awry, 

Thy  mouth  stands  aside, 
and  thy  beard’s4  never  dry: 

Thy  Chaps  all  be  slabered 
and  thy  lips  are  amisse, 

The  third  column  (really  “The  Second  Part”)  begins  here. 

Read  thee.  4  Text  beards’s. 


4U 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


’Twould  make  a  Maid  loath 
for  to  give  thee  a  kisse. 

10  Thy  Shooes  are  unty’d, 

and  down  at  the  heels, 

Thy  Stockins  ungartred, 
which  thou  dost  not  feel, 

Thy  Codpis  unbutned, 
thy  breeches  bepist, 

These  are  nasty  actions, 
say  you  what  you  list. 

1 1  Take  this  for  an  answer 

I  will  thee  not  have, 

There’s  the  doore  and  the  way, 
now  goe  walk  like  a  Knave, 
Goe  home  to  thy  Countrey 
and  kisse  Count rey  lone. 

For  sweet-heart  in  London 
thou  art  like  to  have  none. 

Dick? 

12  Why  then  thou  proud  Huswife 

lie  bid  thee  farewell 
Your  scoffing  and  ieering 
too  much  doth  excell : 

Yet  this  I  say  to  thee, 
if  thou  hadst  thy  desert, 
Thou  wouldst  either  be  hanged 
or  be  tyd  to  a  Cart. 


5  Comma. 


4l8 


THE  TWO  JEERING  LOVERS 

Nancy. 

13  Nay  stay  my  sweet  Richard , 

let’s0  kisse  and  be  friends, 

For  what  I  said  to  thee 
lie  make  thee  amends. 

If  thou’ It7  be  my  Husband 
I  will8  be  thy  Wife, 

And  ile  be  constant  to  thee 
all  the  dayes  of  my  life. 

14  Then  Dick  he  kist  Nancy 

and  Nancy  kist  Dick , 

And  close  to  each  other 
they  after  did  stick: 

They  went  to  the  Church 
and  were  married  that  day, 

And  Dick  to  the  Countrey 
carried  Nancy  away. 

15  By  this  you  may  see  what 

young  women  can  doe, 

When  Bachelours  to  them 
do  come  for  to  wooe; 

Their  wits  are  so  nimble, 
they  can  in  an  houre 
Turn  sowre  into  sweetnesse 
and  sweetnesse  to  sowre. 

Jftmg. 

L.P. 

London  printed  for  William  Gilbertson  in  Gilt-spur  street. 

0  Text  let[]s.  7  Text  thoul’t.  s  Text  will. 


4}9 


C.  20.  f.  14  (3),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

In  this  satire  on  female  frailty  the  poet,  in  the  stanzas  here  reprinted, 
manages  to  steer  through  an  indelicate  situation  without  much  offense: 
the  same  cannot  be  said  of  two  coarse  stanzas  which  are  omitted.  For 
a  later  ballad  on  a  theme  almost  exactly  similar,  see  Lord  Crawford’s 
Catalogue  of  English  Ballads ,  No.  1039. 

The  tune  is  named  from  the  first  line  (“Now  farewel  to  Saint 
Gileses”)  of  Laurence  Price’s  “The  Merry  Mans  Resolution.  To  a 
Gallant  New  Tune,  Called,  The  Highlanders  nezv  Rant ”  ( Bagford 
Ballads ,  I,  485*).  It  is  used  also  for  Nos.  67,  71,  and  72. 


420 


DEPLORABLE  NEWS  FROM  SOUTHWARK 


©eplorable  JletoS  from  £§>outf)toarfe; 

€>r,  tfje  lobittg  Hashes  lamentations  for  tfje  loss  of 

tfjeir  H>b)eet=f)eart£. 

They  sigh ,  they  sob ,  they  sorow  and  complain , 
Fearing  their  Loves  icill  never  come  again : 

It  is  the  lusty  Souldiers  as  they  say. 

Have  stoln  from  them  their  pretty  hearts  away. 

The  tune  is,  Saint  Gileses. 


l  The  Lasses  now  of  Southwark 
lament  and  make  great  moan, 
Because  from  them  their  sweet-hearts 
departed  are  and  gone, 

Thare’s  Peggy ,  Alee  and  Bridget , 
and  many  others  more 
With  howling  and  with  weeping, 
have  made  their  eye-sight  sore, 

421 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


The  gallant , 

Valiant 

Souldiers  as  they  say 

Have  stolen  from  them  their  pretty  hearts  away. 

2  The  Souldiers  which  in  Southwark 

did  quarter  here  and  there, 

Each  one  of  them  that  had  sweet-hearts 
was  constant  to  his  deare; 

Both  civill  in  their  actions, 
and  constant  in  their  carriage, 

And  yet  some  of  the  Lasses  now 
Complain  for  lack  for  marriage. 

The  gallant , 

Valiant 

Souldiers  as  they  say ,x 

Have  stoln  fro?n  them  their  pretty  hearts  away. 

3  To  speak  of  their  proceedings, 

I  hope  none  will  me  blame, 

The  better  for  to  know  them, 

I  will  them  to  you  name. 

Fair  Maudlin  she  lov’d  Martin , 
and  Joan  she  loved  John , 

Winnifred  lov’d  William , 
and  Ned  was  loved  of  Nan. 

Those  valiant 
Gallant 

Souldiers  as  they  say , 

Ha.ve  stoln  from  them  their  pretty  hearts  away. 


1  Text  omits  say. 


422 


DEPLORABLE  NEWS  FROM  SOUTHWARK 

4  Betty  she  lov’d  Robert , 

and  Dick  lov’d  Dorothy , 

Rowland  he  lov’d  Rachel , 
and  lov’d  Anthony : 

Sweet  she  lov’d  bold  Stephen, 
and  Hester  she  lov’d  Walter ,2 
And  more  news  of  their  passages 
I  mean  to  speak  hereafter. 

The  valiant. 

Gallant 

Souldiers  as  they  say. 

Have  stoln  the  maidens  hearts  from  them  away. 

5  Rebecca  she  lov’d  John  well, 

and  George  lov’d  Margery, 

Kester  he  lov’d  J any : 

and  Nell  lov’d  Hmnphrey 
Francis  lov’d  fair  Phillis, 
and  Samuel  he  lov’d  Sary, 

Debora  she  lov’d  Daniel, 
and  Thomas  he  lov’d  Mary. 

The  valiant, 

Gallant 

Souldiers  as  they  say. 

Have  stoln  the  damsels  hearts  from  them  away. 

6  The3  bonny  brave  young  Souldiers  are 

of  late  from  Southwarke  gone, 

To  quarter  in  the  Country, 
and  left  their  loves  alone; 

‘  Text  W altet. 

3  The  third  column  (really  “The  Second  Part”)  begins.  Text  Thebonny. 

423 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Who  now  in  dolefull  manner 
doth  bitterly  complain, 

Much  fearing  that  their  Sweet-hearts 
will  never  come  again. 

The  v  alii  ant. 

Gallant 

Souldiers  as  they  say , 

Have  stole  their  pretty  hearts  from  them  away. 

7  Rose  sayes  though  she  hath  gotten 

no  Livings  nor  no  Lands, 

Yet  if  she  had  her  Love  againe 
she  would  labour  with  her  hands 
To  keepe  and  to  maintain  him, 
all  the  dayes  of  her  life, 

So  he  would  be  contented 
to  take  her  to  his  Wife. 

The  valliant , 

Gallant 

Souldier  she  doth  say , 

Hath  stoln  both  her  heart  and  love  away  S' 

8  The  rest  that  hath  been  named, 

are  all  of  Roses  mind, 

And  would  unto  their  Sweet-hearts  be 
both  loyall,  true,  and  kind, 

So  they  might  have  their  company, 
by  day  and  eke  by  night, 

O  that’s  the  thing  they  wish  for, 
to  have  them  in  their  sight. 


Two  coarse  stanzas  are  here  omitted. 
No  period. 


424 


DEPLORABLE  NEWS  FROM  SOUTHWARK 


But  the  valliant , 

Gallant 

Soldiers  as  they  say , 

Hath  stoln  their  bonny  hearts  from  them  away. 

9  To  draw  to  a  conclusion, 

I  wish  all  Damsels  mild,0 
Both  them  that  have  flat  bellyes, 
and  them  that  are  with  child: 

To  beare  all  things  with  prudence, 
and  suffer  patiently, 

And  buy  each  one  a  Hand-kercher 
to  wipe  her  wet  eyes  dry. 

And  when  your 
Sweet-hearts 
Come  to  you  again , 

Theyd  use  a  means  to  cure  you  of  your  pain d 

10  Be  not  too  heavy-minded, 

but8  thus  I’d  have  you  pray, 

That  those  which  stole  your  hearts  from  you 
and  carryed  them  away, 

May  come  again  with  safety, 
and  make  you  all  amends, 

To  marry  you  and  love  you, 
and  so  my  Ditty  ends. 

The  valliant , 

Gallants 

Hath  stoln  your  hearts  away , 

Theyd  bring  them  ho?ne  again  another  day. 

Printed  for  Tho.  Vere,  at  the  Angel,  without  New-gate. 

6  Period.  7  Comma.  8  Text  bnt. 


425 


The  true  lover  s  summons 


C.  20.  f.  14  (14),  B.  L.,  five  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

Date  1650—56.  Here  is  presented  a  fairly  common  situation  in 
which  a  young  lover  vainly  woos  his  mistress  in  the  first  part  of  the 
ballad,  while  in  the  second  part  she  replies  coyly  but  at  the  very  end 
yields  to  his  importunities.  Classical  allusions  were  as  much  the  requi¬ 
sites  of  a  balladist  as  of  an  eighteenth-century  poet.  Samuel  Smithson’s 
hand  seems  recognizable  here,  but  unluckily  no  name  is  signed.  The 
printers  evidently  ran  short  of  punctuation  marks,  which  are  surpris¬ 
ingly  scanty. 

The  “pleasant”  new  tune  of  Sweetheart  [or  Lady],  he  not  coy  I  have 
not  found. 


426 


THE  TRUE  LOVER’S  SUMMONS 


je  true  Itoberef  Summons;: 

#>cnt  in  a  Hetter  to  foearest  H>boeeting, 
Bearing  from  Jjer  a  fjappp  greeting: 
fEtjiiS  couple  bp  tfjeir  f)onesst  cibill  carriage, 
fflere  qutcfelp  jopn’b  fogetfjer  in  jtHarriagc. 

To  a  pleasant  new  tune;  OR,  Lady  be  not  coy. 


l  Sweet  heart  be  not  coy, 

for  in  faith  I  love  thee 
Thou  art  my  only  joy, 

now  I  come  to  prove  thee, 
Though  my  abscence  long, 
may  procure  suspition, 

Yet  I  will  not  wrong 
thee  in  no  condition, 

For  I  am  only  he, 

that  loves  none  but  thee, 


427 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Wherefore  let  not  me, 
be  of  hopes  frustrated, 

But  grant  Love  to  me,1 

for  which  long  I  have  waited. 

2  Speake  thou  comely  Maid, 

to  a  man  distressed, 

Helpe  a  love-sick  blade, 
that  is  sore  oppressed, 

Give  to  me  my  doome, 
for  in  love  I  languish, 

Either  smile  or  frowne, 
to  my  joy  or  anguish 
Which  if  thou  refraine 
nothing  else  but  paine, 

In  me  shall  remaine, 

then  farwell  all  pleasure, 
Nothing  else  I  gaine, 

but  sorrow  beyond  all  measur.2 

3  Such  a  comely  face 

modest  grave  and  witty 
Cannot  in  this  case 
be  so  void  of  pitty 
Then  grant  unto  me 
what  I  do  desire 
For  my  heart  by  thee 
is  only  set  on  fire, 

Be  not  to  me  unkind, 
in  me  thou  shalt  find 


1  Period. 


2  No  period. 


428 


THE  TRUE  LOVER’S  SUMMONS 


Such  a  constant  mind, 
as  doth  scorne  to  waver 
Only  I  am  inclind 
to  obtaine  thy  favour. 

4  Cupids  feathered  Dart 

I  right  well  espie  it 
Wounded  hath  my  heart 
I  cannot  deny  it 
Although  I  be, 

in  a  sad  condition 
Thinke  not  to  go  free 
by  swearing  of  ambition 
Lest  that  you  do  fall 
into  Cupids  thrall 
As  we  are  subject  all 
by  the  laws  of  nature 
Both  to  great  and  small 

to  poore  and  Princely  creatur. 

5  Wise  King  Solomon 

was  taken  in  that  manner 
And  great  Samson  strong 
marcht  under  that  banner 
Venus  glistering  faire 

and  that  beauteous  Helen 
Farre  beyond  compare 
3^et  they  all  seemd  willing 
Thus  we  plainly  see 
all  to  love  agree 
Wheresoever  they  be 

from  Capricorn  to  Cancer 

429 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Sweet  blame  not  me 

but  let  me  have  an  answer." 

Clje  Maidens  answer. 

6  You  do  say  you  Love, 

but  it  is  no  matter, 

Often  times  it  proves 

young-men  use  to  flatter, 

And  many  a  harmlesse  Maid, 
by  your  false  delusion, 

Oft  times  is  betray’d 

and  brought  to  confusion: 
Therefore  Maids  beware, 
take  a  speciall  care. 

Lest  you  catch  the  snare? 

for  the  Serpent  lowers, 

Often  times  not  far 

from  the  fairest  Flowers.4 

7  Priam's  onely  Heire, 

Dido's  griefe  augmented; 
Promising  full  faire 
what  he  nere  intended : 

All’s  not  Gold  that’s  bright, 
all’s  not  true  that’s  spoken, 
Many  wrongs  seemes  right, 
a  faire  Nut  may  prove  rotten 
The  fire  that  burneth5  fast, 
instantly  doth  wast, 


3  No  period. 

4  Comma.  6  Text  burneth. 


430 


THE  TRUE  LOVER’S  SUMMONS 


And  the  hotest  blast, 
of  the  eagrest  Wooer, 

Long  time  cannot  last, 
in  all  it’s  heat  and  power. 

8  The  fairest  Flowers  that  be, 

have  the  faintest  savor*? 

More  men  match  we  see, 

for  Gold  then  good  behaviour 
You  shall  hear  of  few 

that  will  say  what  is  shee, 
You  shall  have  enough0 

that  will  say  what  hath  shee. 
This  wealth  is  bewitching 
&  mens  minds  outstretching 
Still  their  fingers  itching 
to  be  joynd  in  Marriage 
More  for  gold  and  riches 
then  for  comely  carriage.7 

9  Cupid  I  do  scorne 

and  his  false  enticement 
Ere  I  match  I’ve  sworn 
to  take  good  advisement 
But  me  thinks  I  speak 
on  a  slender  fashion 
Women  are  to  weak 
to  resist  that  passion 
Should  I  then  refraine 
such  a  golden  Chaine, 


*  Text  enongh. 
T  No  period. 


43i 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Which  wou’d8  make  on9  train e, 
almost  through  this  nation, 

I  must  needs  confesse, 
here’s  an  alteration. 

10  The  furthest  of  my  thoughts 

you  alone  have  battered, 

0  J 

If  you  prove  not  kind, 

all  my  hopes  are  scattered, 

Oh  my  heart  doth  yeeld 

through  your  strong  affection 
You  have  won  the  field 

and  brought  me  to  subjection, 
Constant  sure  I  am 
sweet  for  ever  then 
And  thee  love  I  can 
as  I  am  a  Woman 
You  are  the  only  man, 
here  I  pray  the  Summon. 

jrmm. 

London  Printed  for  Richard  Burton ,  at  the10  Horshooe 

in  Smith-field. 


Text  wou,d. 
I.e one. 

T ext  he. 


432 


C.  20.  f.  14  (7) ,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts. 

Here  again  Laurence  Price  has  written  a  ballad  to  the  tune  of  his 
“St.  Giles”  (cf.  No.  65).  That  tune,  involving  a  catchy  refrain,  was 
very  popular  indeed.  It  is  used  also  under  the  name  (taken  from  the 
refrain  of  this  ballad)  of  lie  goe  through  the  World  with  thee  for 
“The  Seaman’s  Leave  Taken  of  his  sweetest  Margerit”  (Manchester, 
I,  17;  Pepys,  IV,  158;  Euing,  No.  326).  It  is  pleasant  to  come  upon 
a  maid  so  faithful  as  John’s  mistress:  Penelope  is  rara  avis  in  balladry, 
one  great  delight  of  which  was  to  satirize  and  anathematize  woman’s 
inconstancy. 


433 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

fEfje  Jfattfjfull  ifflaitis  gfebentures.1 
fEtje  iftlapb  toitj)  tiiltgence  sought  far  ant)  necr, 
GUjtougf)  matip  a  famous  Cttp,  ®otam  anti  is>f)ire, 
UnttU  sucf)  time  sljtc  f»ab  Jjcr  ^>bocct=f)cart  fount), 
Slfjosc  lobe  to  fjer  bib  toontierouslp  abounb. 


Tune  is,  Farewell  St.  Gyleses ,  &c. 

1  I  Am  the  faithfull  Damosill, 

that  wandred  up  and  down, 

To  find  out  John  my  true  love, 
in  many  a  gallant  Town, 

Though  long  time  I  have  sought  him, 
yet  now  I  have  him  found, 

I  will  not  lose  his  company, 
for  threescore  thousand  pound, 

Then  pray  thee  John , 

Sweet  John , 
part  not  from  mee , 

For  lie  go  through  the  world  with  thee. 

2  I  have  been  in  Scotland , 

as  you  may  understand,2 
And  I  have  made  three  voyages, 
into  Ireland , 

And  I  have  been  in  Wales , 
and  in  Cornwall  in  the  West, 

And  all  was  for  to  find  my  John , 
whom  I  in  heart  love  best. 

Then  pray  thee  John ,  &c. 


1  Comma.  2  Text  nnderstand. 


434 


THE  FAITHFUL  MAID’S  ADVENTURES 


3  Through  London 3  and  through4  Bristow, 

and  Gloster  eke  also, 

Through  Exeter  and  Worcester, 

I  wandred  too  and  fro, 

Through  Hereford  and  Shrewsbury, 
and  Salisbury  in  Wiltshire , 

I  went  to  find  my  true  love, 
whom  I  do  hold  so  dear. 

And  now  that  I  have 
found  thee, 
part  not  from  mee, 

for  ile  go  through  the  world  with  theed 

4  I  have  travelled  Essex, 

and  I  have  been  in  Kentf 
Whereas  both  time  and  mony, 
to  find  my  love  I  spent, 

Through  Norfolk  and  through  Suffolk 
and  famous  Cambridge  Shire 
And  through  fair  Hart  fort  County, 
but  could  not  find  him  there. 

But  now  I  have.  &c. 

5  I  have  been  at  Portesmouth, 

and  I  have  been  at  Dover, 
and  most  of  all  the  Cinque  port  towns 
that  are  all  England  over, 

And  since  with  such  long  journeys, 

I  have  made  my  self  full  weary, 

Now  I  have  overtaken  thee, 

I  pray  thee  make  mee  merry. 

4  Text  trouhgh.  5  No  period. 

435 


3  Text  Lnodon. 


6  Period. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


O  sweet  John, 
kind  John , 
part  not  from  mee. 

For  lie  go  through  the  world  with  thee. 

GTfje  seconb  part  to  tfje  same  tEune. 

6  I  Th’  first  place  John  I  pray  thee, 

to  finish  up  the  strife, 

Take  me  to  Church  and  wed  mee, 
and  make  of  me  thy  Wife 
And  when  that  we  are  married, 
wee  two  will  go  to  bed, 

Where  thou  so  sure  as  snow  is  white 
shalt  have  my  mayden  head, 

Then  pray  thee  John, 

Sweet  John, 

Part  not  from  me 

For  ile  go  through  the  world  with  thee.1 

7  Ith*  second  place  I  give  thee, 

this  much  to  understand, 

And  if  that  thou  art  willing, 
to  live  in  merry  England, 

Ile  here  continue  with  thee, 
and  bee  thy  faithfull  wife, 

Ile  comfort  love  and  cherish  thee, 
whilst  Heaven  affords  me  life.8 
Then  pray  thee  John  &c. 

8  Or  if  that  thou  are  minded, 

from  England  for  to  go, 

7  No  period.  8  Comma. 


436 


THE  FAITHFUL  MAID’S  ADVENTURES 


To  France  to  Spain  or  Italy , 
ile  march  with  thee  also, 

And  wheresoever  thou  goest  .Love, 
my  wits  I  will  contrive 
Ile  venture  mine  own  life  and  blood, 
to  save  my  John  alive. 

Then  pray  thee  John  &c. 

9  Ile  toyle,  ile  work,  ile  labour, 

Ile  take  all  kind  of  paines, 

And  all  the  profit  I  can  make, 
ile  bring  thee  in  the  gains, 

Although  the  world  be  never  so9  hard 
before  ile  see  thee  lack 
Ile  pawn  the  very  pettycoat, 
and  smock  from  off  my  back.10 
Then  pray  thee  John  <SV. 

10  And  thus  sweet  heart  in  plain  terms 

I  have  told  thee  here  my  mind, 

Also  my  resolution, 
to  what  I  am  inclind, 

And  therfore  I  intreat  thee, 
to  answer  yea  or  no, 

Whether  thou  wilt  be  my  faithfull  friend, 
or  else  my  mortall  foe.11 
O  pray  thee  John  &c. 

11  If  thou  wilt  loving  be  John,12 

and  grant  mee  my  request, 

9  Text  neverso.  10  Comma.  11  No  period.  12  Period. 

437 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Above  all  women  creatures 
then  shall  I  think  me  blest, 

But  if  with  scornfull  eye,  Love, 
thou  seemest  on  mee  to  frown, 

My  wofull  life  is  ended  and, 
my  fortune  all  cast  down.13 
Then  speak  John  &c. 

12  When  as  her  own  true  lover, 
her  mind  did  understand, 

With  joy  being  allmost  ravished, 
hee  took  her  by  the  hand, 

And  after  salutation, 

the  matter  so  was  carried 
Hee  lik'd  of  her  and  shee  of  him, 
and  so  they  soon  were  married. 

Shee  said  szveet  John , 

Loving  John , 

Tart  not  from  7nee , 

For  He  go  through  the  world 14  with  thee. 

Jfmts;. 

L.  P. 

London  Printed  for  Francis  Grove. 


Comma. 

Text  theworld. 
No  period. 


438 


68 

The  matchless  shepherd  overmatched 

4t0  Rawlinson  566,  fol.  36,  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

The  date  of  Price’s  ballad  is  about  1656.  The  significance  is 
elusive,  though  the  ballad  evidently  has  a  political  bearing.  If  it  were 
of  earlier  date,  it  might  be  taken  to  represent  Charles  I  himself  under 
the  guise  of  the  shepherd  so  strangely  crossed,  with  the  schismatical 
mistress  as  Parliament.  Since  the  date  is  too  late  for  that  interpretation, 
one  is  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  Price  is  singing  of  the  Church  of 
England  and  its  troubles.  In  that  case  the  “root  of  malice”  referred 
to  in  stanza  5  as  springing  in  Spain,  Amsterdam,  and  Scotland  is 
perhaps  to  be  understood  as  Roman  Catholic,  Calvinistic,  or  Presby¬ 
terian  opposition  to  the  English  Church.  But  why  Price  should  deal  so 
sympathetically  with  this  subject  when,  as  has  already  been  shown 
(cf.  p.  16),  he  was  a  vigorous  Dissenter,  only  adds  to  the  difficulties 
of  explaining  his  ballad. 

Neither  of  the  tunes  seems  to  be  recorded. 


439 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


®lje  jRatcfjleiSb  ^fjepljcarb,  ©betmatcfjt  bp  l)i£  jWisttreftS. 

<©a&, 

®f)£  solib  ^fjEpljcarbs  ^atprtcal  ikmg  against  f)is 

g'djismatical  iHistrcSS. 

To  the  Tune  of,  Fain  would  l  if  l  could ,  Or,  O  brave  house ,  &c. 

1  Fain  would  I,  if  I  might 

by  any  means  obtain 
The  favour  of  my  Mistresse, 
and  talk  with  her  again; 

Whereby  to  know  her  minde, 

Why  she  is  so  unkinde, 

and  what  the  cause  might  be 
that  she  thus  deals  with  me? 

2  But  she  alass  will  not 

let  me  come  in  her  sight, 

She  whom  I  dearly  loved 
bears  me  a  deadly  spight, 

But  she  did  once  protest 
She  lov’d  me  only  best, 

her  oaths  and  vows  are  broke 
since  last  with  her  I  spoke. 

3  Fain  would  I,  if  I  could 

the  reason  understand, 

Why  she  hath  sold  my  goods 
and  made  away  my  Land? 

Of  that  which  was  mine  own 
(To  God  and  world  is  known) 

I  now  am  dispossest 
which  makes  me  take  no  rest. 


440 


MATCHLESS  SHEPHERD  OVERMATCHED 


4  This  ill  design  of  hers 

betokenneth  me  no  good; 
Now  she  hath  got  my  means 
she  seeks  to  spill  my  blood ; 

If  further  that  she  could 
Work  mischief,  sure  she  would 
if  it  lay  in  her  power, 
she  would  my  soul  devour. 

5  Fain  would  I,  if  I  could 

know  chiefly  this  same  thing 
From  whence  this  root  of  malice 
did  first  begin  to  spring? 

And  whether  or  no  it  came 
From  Spain  or  Amsterdam  ? 
or  where  the  Scottish  breed 
at  first  did  sow  this  seed? 

6  Or  was  it  set  abroach1 

by  English  Schismaticks? 
Why  then  my  Mistrisse  hath 
shew’d  English  Antick-tricks, 
Or  if  it  came  from  Hell 
Where  Pluto  doth  excel ; 
old  Cerberus  it  hatcht 
so  she  from  him  it  catcht. 

7  I  am  the  Shepherd  which 

sate  piping  on  the  hill, 

Feeding  my  harmlesse  flock 
intending  no  man  ill ; 


1  “The  Second  Part”  (the  third  column)  actually  begins  here. 


441 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


My  Kids  and  Fawns  did  play 
Upon  each  Summers  day, 
and  never  were  disturb’d 
nor  by  cold  Weather  curb’d. 

8  When  we  afflicted  were 

with  T ytans  scorching  heat, 
Under  the  pleasant  Wood-side 
I  gave  my  Lambs  their  meat 
And  when2  that  Boreas  cold 
Blew  fiercely  on  my  fold, 
to  shelter  them  from  harm 
I  kept  them  in  the  warm. 

9  Full  many  years  I  liv’d 

in  this  most  happy  state, 

No  Shepherd  under  Sun 
was  then  more  fortunate ; 

Until  such  time  as  I 
My  flock  did  put  in  trus[t]3 
among  a  sort  of  Swains, 
that  prov’d  to  me  unjust. 

10  And  having  given  thus 

the  staffe  out  of  my  hand, 
they  streight  became  my  Master 
which  I  had  at  command; 

And  so  upon  the  matter 
My  Sheep  began  to  scatter, 
the  ravening  Wolf  and  Fox 
hath  quite  destroy’d  my  flocks. 

Text  vvhrn.  3  Text  blurred. 


442 


MATCHLESS  SHEPHERD  OVERMATCHED 


1 1  My  Shepherdesse  is  gone 

my  Herds  are  run  astray, 

My  pretty  Lambs  are  stragled 
from  me  another  way; 

My  Sheep-crook  from  me  tane, 

My  Oaten  Reed  is  lost; 
no  Shepherd  under  Sun 
hath  been  so  strangely  crost. 

Jftnts. 

L.P . 

London,  Printed  for  F.  Coles,  T.  Vere,  and  J.  Wright. 


t 


443 


C.  20.  f.  14  (5),  B.  L.,  five  columns,  four  cuts.  The  sheet  was  moved 
during  printing,  with  the  result  that  the  type  is  blurred  and  smudged 
throughout.  The  last  two  stanzas  are  almost  undecipherable,  and  a 
number  of  words  must  be  guessed  at.  The  punctuation,  which  is  scanty 
and  haphazard,  has  here  in  a  few  places  been  amended. 

The  date  is  1650—56.  The  tune  comes  from  the  refrain  of  a  ballad 
that  was  licensed  for  publication  on  November  4,  1640  (Eyre’s  Tran - 
script,  I,  1),  as  “Never  marke  Anthony”  and  that  is  printed  as  “Marke 
Anthony”  in  John  Cleveland’s  Poems ,  1651,  pp.  53—54.  Cleveland 
also  wrote  and  published  a  parody  of  it  ( ibid .,  pp.  55—56),  but  his 
version  is  one  stanza  shorter  than  are  the  copies  preserved  in  the  Percy 
Folio  MS.  (ed.  Hales  and  Furnivall,  II,  26)  and  in  MS.  Ashmole  47, 
fols.  39-40.  The  first  stanza  in  English  and  in  Latin  is  also  included 
in  Westminster  Drollery,  1671  (ed.  J.  W.  Ebsworth,  pp.  70—71).  The 
tune  itself  seems  nowhere  to  be  noted. 


444 


THE  FLATTERING  DAMSEL 


flattering  ®am£el, 

&  fa  fee  heart  brings  sorrofco.1 

For  she  whom  all  tnen  took  to  he 
both  fair  and  faithfully  now  is  flowne 
(as  if  the  planets  did  decree ) 
another  for  to  he  her  owne 
hy  this  faire  Maids  learne  to  he  true 
least  thousand  sorrows  do  Insuef 

Tune  is  marke  Antony . 

1  Was  ever  man  bewitch’d,3 

or  so  besotted, 

To  a  false  woman, 
as  I  will  relate; 

But  sure  my  desteny 
was  salluted, 

She  whom  I  loved: 

should  repaie  me  with  hate. 
Even  she  for  whome  I  thought, 
nothing  that  could  be  bought, 

To  please  her  fantacy, 
but  to  it  I  did  agree.2 
Yet  neuer  did  woman , 

Neither  honest  nor  commo7i 
Dessemhle  with  no  manf 
As  she  did  with  me , 

2  When  first  I  questioned  her, 

about  the  matter 

1  Comma.  2  No  period.  3  Text  bewitch, d.  4  7V.*/ noman. 

445 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Whether  that  she, 
could  Afect  me  or  no, 

Straight  way  she  vowed  to  me, 
she  would  not  flatter, 

Never  as  yet, 

did  she  love  a  man  so, 

What  more  could  I  desire, 
what  more  could  I  requier, 

If  her  fidelity.  .  .  .5 

3  Thus  by  a  plighted  troath, 

beeing  ingaged; 

My  heart,  was  fixed, 

and  Chained  in  her  brest.0 
Sorrows  seemed  to  be  gon 
troubles  asswaged, 

And  I  Crowned  with  happinesse 
pleasure  and  rest. 

But  in7  the  midest  of  joy 
soone  prooved  my  annoy, 
Conspired  by  fortune: 

as  fate  did  decree, 

Yet  neuer  did  woman ,  &t\ 

4  Most  sumtiously  rich  attier, 

fit  for  a  Lady: 

Gowne  Hat  and  all  things, 
that  fitted  a  Bride,r> 

A  precious  Gold  Ring, 
as  rich8  as  may  be, 

Two  lines  cut  off  by  the  binder.  6  No  punctuation.  7  Text  iu. 

7’fAr/brich?  ( Perhaps  a  misprint  for  bright  or  rich?) 

446 


THE  FLATTERING  DAMSEL 


And  all  sorts  of  linen 
and  Laces  beside; 

Which  when  I  did  present, 
she  seemed  much  content : 
Thanking  me  kindly, 
for  beeing  so  free, 

But  never  did  woman , 

Nether  honest  nor  common , 
\Dessemhle  with  no  man 
As  she  did  with  me.0] 

®fje  geconb  $art,  to  t  (je  game  Eune. 

5  A  House  I  furnished, 

for  us  to  dwell  in, 

Many  admired, 
to  see  us  so  stor’d, 

Silver  and  Peuter  brave, 
with  Brasse,  excelling, 

As  if  it  had  been, 

the  House  of  a  Lord, 

She  with  a  fauning  face, 
kissing  me  did  imbrace, 
Saying  my  true  love, 
thrice  happie  are  wee, 

But  never  did  woman ,  &c. 

6  Our  day  of  Marraige  was, 

justly  appointed 
To  which  I  invited: 
my  friends  every  one, 

9  Cut  off  by  the  binder. 


447 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Young  men  and  pretty  Maides, 
with  whom  she  was  acqaunted 
I  desired  their  presence,10 
forbiding  of  none, 

She  seemed  pleased  at  this 
and  with  a  Judas  kisse 
She  did  salute  me 
as  plainely  I  see.11 
But  never  did  woman ,  <SV. 

7  Five  hundred  pound  in  Gold 

I  did  deliver,10 
Into  her  custodie 
safely  to  keep.11 
Her  face  I  lovd  intire 
and  shall  do  ever, 
and  long  time  I  desired 

In  her  armes  for  to  sleepe;11 
but  she  whom  I  did  trust 
Proved  to  me  uniust,11 
changing  my  pleasure 
To  sad  misserrie. 

Never  did  woman ,  &c. 

8  Another  roaring  blade 

courted  this  pinies,12 
And  just  that  day  sennet 
as  we  should  be  wed 


10  Period.  11  No  punctuation. 

^  Text  doubtful.  Is  this  word  pinies  {pinnace)  =  prostitute,  faithless  mistress? 


THE  FLATTERING  DAMSEL 


These  two  were  maryed  then, 
and  by  which  I  found  finis 
Concluded  my  ditty, 

For  they  were  in  bed 
where  I  thought  to  have  beene 
With  Loves  lacivious  Queene,13 
farewell  falce  Nany 
Adeiu  unto  thee. 
never  did  woman  &c. 

• 

9  Thus  in  the  midst  of  woe 
perplext  with  sorrow 
Now  must  I  travaile 
in  wildernesse  wayes, 

Troubles  and  cares  termiles,14 
I  must  wade  thorrow, 

Wishing  a  period, 

of  these  my  sad  dayes.13 
Death  with  thy  fatall  dart 

strike  through  my  love  sick  heart,13 
Fare  well  false  Nanny , 
adew  unto  thee, 

Never  did  woman ,  &c. 

10  Yow  that  have  portions  here 
left  by  your  Peacocks 
Looke  to  it  carefully 
as  your  own  life, 

Let  no  inticing  quean 
once  get  it  from  you.13 


13  No  punctuation.  14  Text  doubtful. 


449 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


What  though  she  promise 
for  to  be  your  wife : 

I  was  a  rich  mans  heire 

but  now  possest15  with  care, 

And  ready  to  dispair 
as  you  may  see, 

For  never  did  woman , 

Nether  honest  nor  common ,  &c. 

1 1  Young  men  that  heare  my  woes, 
pray  shew  some  pity, 

To  him  that  is  comfortlesse, 
voide  of  content, 

Faire  Maids  wherever  you  dwel 
in  Contry,  or  City,10 
Bewaile  with  a  lover, 
his  fate  to  lament, 

Proove  to  your  lovers  kind, 
bearing  a  faithfull  mind: 

No  greater  pleasure  then, 
when  hearts  do  agree, 

But  neuer  did  woman , 

Neither  honest  nor  common, 

. Desemhle  with  no  Man , 

As  she  did  with  me. 

Printed  for  John  Andrews,  at  the  white  lyon  in  the  old-baily 


lj  Text  undecipherable. 
16  Period. 


450 


7o 

Kissing  goes  by  favor 

C.  20.  f.  14  (1),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

The  date  is  about  1656.  The  subject-matter  is  frothy  (cf.  No.  60), 
but  is  written  up  in  a  musical  fashion.  It  may  be  doubted  whether 
even  all  Puritans  would  have  objected  to  the  ballad,  for  the  Puritans 
were  hardly  so  doleful  as  the  average  person  believes.  The  title  itself 
was  proverbial ;  the  subtitle  indicates  that  the  author  intended  the  ballad 
to  be  sung  openly  on  the  streets.  Similar  in  subject-matter  is  the  Pepys 
ballad  (I,  224)  of  “The  Merry  Forester,”  which  states: 

Thus  kissing  is  an  ancient  thing, 

and  giues  content  to  many  a  Madam, 

Many  delightfull  thing[s]  it  doth  bring. 

Eue  was  the  first  beloued  of  Adam 
for  Kissing. 

With  stanzas  8  and  9  compare  the  snatch  sung  by  Captain  Clutterbuck 
in  the  Prefatory  Epistle  to  Sir  Walter  Scott’s  Fortunes  of  Nigel: 

Oh  if  it  were  a  mean  thing, 

The  gentles  would  not  use  it} 

And  if  it  were  ungodly, 

The  clergy  would  refuse  it. 

These  stanzas,  too,  are  imitated  in  the  ballad  of  “Up-tails  All”  (mis¬ 
named  “The  Fryer  and  the  Nun”)  that  is  preserved  in  D’Urfey’s 
Pills  to  Purge  Melancholy ,  1719,  IV,  177. 

On  the  origin  of  kissing,  a  subject  discussed  in  stanzas  2  and  3, 
Thomas  Heywood1  wrote  in  his  Gunaikeion:  or ,  Nine  Books  of  Various 
History  (1624,  p.  118): 

Pliny  in  his  naturall  historic,  saith,  That  Cato  was  of  opinion,  That  the  vse 
of  kissing  first  began  betwixt  kinsman  and  kinswoman,  howsoeuer  neere  allide 
or  farre  off,  onelie  by  that  to  know  whether  their  wiues,  daughters,  or  neeces, 
had  tasted  any  wine.  .  .  .  But  kissing  and  drinking  both  are  now  growne  (it 

1  His  discussion  is  liberally  plagiarized  in  The  Ladies  Dictionary ;  Being  a 
General  Entertainment  For  the  Fair-Sex}  1694,  p.  245. 


45i 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


seemcs)  to  a  greater  custome  amongst  vs  than  in  those  dayes  with  the  Romans: 
nor  am  I  so  austeare  to  forbid  the  vse  of  either,  both  which  though  the  one  in 
surfets,  the  other  in  adulteries,  may  be  abused  by  the  vicious;  yet  contrarilie  at 
customarie  meetings,  and  laudable  banquets,  they  by  the  nobly  disposed,  and 
such  whose  hearts  are  fixt  upon  honour,  may  be  vsed  with  much  modestie  and 
continence. 

The  tune,  Aye ,  marryy  and  thank  you  too}  is  in  Chappell’s  Popular 
Music ,  II,  584. 


452 


KISSING  GOES  BY  FAVOR 


Sussing  goes  bp  Jfabour : 

Or,  &  tteta  compoSeb  merrp  biSpoSeb  JStttp,  sfjebniig 
bob)  fetsfsiittg  began  toljen  tfjctuorlU  began,  anb  isslifec  to 
tontinue  till  tbe  tootlbs  enb:  %)ctc  ief  also  contatneb 
manp  prettp  cometteb  passages  concerning  kissing, 
tobicb  cannot  ebuse  but  make  alt  tbe  people  rnerrp  that 

bull  stap  to  beare  It. 

The  tune  is,  I  marry  and  thank  you  to, 

1  To  Complement  and  kisse, 

some  holds  to  be  a  sin, 

But  I  can  tell  you  first  of  all, 
how  kissing  did  begin : 

First  Adam  he  kist  Eve , 
and  so  he  got  a  Sonne, 

Tis  above  five  thousand  years  agoe 
since  kissing  first  begun: 

Since  kissing  first  begun  brave  boyes , 
since  kissing  first  begun , 

’Tis  above  five  thousand  yeares  agoe , 
since  kissing  first  begun. 

2  And  after  in  a  short  pace, 

the  world  began2  to  increase, 

Of  men  and  women  plentiously, 
and  then  they  kist  a  pace : 

And  ever  since  that  time, 
the  trade  came  on3  amaine, 

And  she  that  hath  bin  kissed  once, 
must  needs  be  kist  againe, 

3  Text  onq. 


2  Text  beg  anto. 


453 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Must  needs  be  hist  again  brave  boyes , 
must  needs  be  kist  againe ,  &c. 

3  And  now  kissing  is  us’d, 

I  think  all  the  world  over, 

In  London ,  G  l  os  ter,  Bristow  and 
in  Cicester  and  Dover: 

And  in  every  place4  beside, 
this  kissing  it  is  us’d. 

I  hold  it  for  a  practice  good, 
if  it  be  not  abus’d: 

If  it  be  not  abus'd 5  brave  boyes , 
if  it  be  not  abus'd , 

I  hold  it  for  a  very  good  thing , 
if  it  be  not  abus' d. 

4  And  now  by  consequence, 

to  you  I  can  approve, 

That  kissing  is  the  readest  way, 
and  nearest  step  to  love : 

Suppose  a  brave  Young-man 
should  meet  a  handsome  Maid, 

To  kisse  her  over  and  over  againe, 
he  will  not  be  afraid: 

He  will  not  be  afraid  brave  Boyes , 
he  would  not  be  afraid , 

To  kisse  her  over  and  over  againe 
he  will  not  be  afraid. 

5  At  Wakes  and  Revills  when 

young  people  they  doe  meet, 

4  Text  everyplace.  5  Text  abused. 


454 


KISSING  GOES  BY  FAVOR 


They’l  send  for  Fidlers  for  to  dance 
and  shake  their  nimble  feet : 

At  every  dances  end, 

the  brave  young  blades  will  kisse, 

Their  lasses  round,  whose  joyes  are  crownd 
what  harm  can  com  of  this? 
what  harme  can  come  of  this  brave  bo  yes, 
no  harme  can  come  of  this 

6  Kissing7  is  of  such  vertue, 

his  never  out  of  date, 

Both  morning,  evening,  noon  &  night 
it  never  comes  too  late : 

Nor  can  it  be  refrained, 
by  any  man  or  woman, 

From  highest  to  the  lowest  degree, 
his  every  where  so  common : 

Tis  every  where  so  common  brave  boys 
tis  every  where  so  common  f 

7  The  rich  can  doe  no  more  Sir, 

the  poore  will  doe  no  lesse, 
but  when  they  with  their  sweethearts  meet, 
they'l  clip,  cole  hugge,  and  kisse: 

It  hath  so  sweet  a  smack, 
that  none  can  it  refraine, 

From  the  greatest  Tamberlaine, 
unto  the  weakest  Swaine: 

Even  to  the  weakest  swain  brave  boys 
unto  the  weakest  Swaine ,  &c . 


Comma. 

The  third  column  (really  “The  Second  Part”)  begins  here. 


4  55 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


8  If  kissing  comes  in  kind, 

it  sweet  content  doth  bring, 

JTis  as  lawfull  for  a  Begger, 
as  it  is  for  a  King, 

For  if  it  were  not  lawfull, 
then  Lawyers  would  deny  it, 

And  if  that  it  were  costly, 

their  Clyants  could  not  buy  it : 

Their  Clyants  could  not  buy  it  brave  boys , 
their  clyants  could  not  buy  it , 

Let  kissing  be  never  so  costly 
some  Lawyers  Clarks  will  buy  it. 

9  and  if  it  were  not  plenty, 

young  wenches  could  not  have  it, 
and  if  it  were  not  dainty, 

old  Widowes  would  not  crave  it :  , 
and  if  it  were  not  wholsome, 
brave  gallants  would  not  use  it, 
and  if  it  were  not  toothsome, 
faire  Ladies  would  refuse  it : 

Gay  Ladys  would  refuse  it  brave  boys 
faire  Ladies  would  refuse  it , 
and  many  of  their  waiting  Maids 
would  not  so  often  use  it. 

10  If  kissing  were  out  of  fashion, 
it  would  soone  be  laid  aside, 

By  Merchants8  wivs  in  the  Exchang 
and  also  in  Cheap-side: 


8  Text  Merchauts. 


456 


KISSING  GOES  BY  FAVOR 


Kissing’ s  like  Hampshire  Honey, 

’tis  wondrous  rare  and  sweet, 

Else  Country  Iohn  would  not  kisse  lone 
so  oft  when  they  doe  meet.9 
So  oft  when  they  do  meet  brave  boys 
so  oft  when  they  do  meet , 
lack  will  kisse  Gill ,  &  Ned  kisse  Nell 
when  they  together  meet. 

1 1  and  now  for  to  conclude, 

and  end  my  kissing  Song, 

In  which  I  meane  no  honest  man 
nor  woman  any  wrong: 

I  would  have  all  goe  well, 
and  nothing  goe  amisse, 

But  faithfull  friend-ship  may  abound 
when  folks  together  kisse : 
when  folks  together  kisse  brave  boys 
when  youngmen  Maids  do  kisse , 
and  Maidens  then  kisse  them  again 
no  harme  can  come 10  of  this. 

Printed  for  Thomas  Vere,  at  the  signe  of  the  Angel, 

without  New-gate. 


No  period. 
Text  eome. 


457 


71 

The  roaring  blacksmiths  resolution 

C.  20.  f.  14  (18),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts. 

Date  1650-56.  The  author  T.  J.  may  have  been  Thomas  Joy  or  the 
actor-balladist  Thomas  Jordan  but  more  probably  was  Thomas  Jones; 
for  several  other  ballads  printed  by  Richard  Burton  and  signed  by  Jones 
are  known  ( e.g .,  Roxburghe  Ballads ,  VII,  367;  Douce  Collection 
(Bodleian),  I,  76v).  The  measure  required  by  the  tune  of  Saint  Giles 
(cf.  No.  65)  is  nowhere  more  attractive  than  in  this  ditty.  The  opening 
lines  show  clearly  that  T.  J.  wrote  with  a  street  audience  in  mind. 
Even  laws  against  ballad-singing  in  the  streets  could  not  change  the 
century-old  technique  of  the  writers. 


458 


THE  ROARING  BLACKSMITH 


)t  Boartng  Black-Smiths  H&estolution;1 

&  merrp  comport*  on  purpose  to  make  pou  laugfj* 

There  was  a  Black-smith  liv'd  in  Cambridge-^<?/r£, 
As  1  lately  for  certaine  truth  did  he  are: 

That  had  great  meanes  indeed  hut  wasted  all , 

And  then  to  Poverty  he  straight  did  fall , 

His  Passages  in  verse  I  here  have  writ 
Hoping  thereby  that  some  will  learne  more  wit , 

He  doth  recant  at  last  and  bids  adieu 
To  all  his  boone  companions  old  and  new. 


To  a  Pleasant  new  Tune,  caPd  Farzvell  to  St.  Gileses? 


1  The  prettiest  lest  that  ere  I  heard 

to  you  I  will  declare, 

If  you’l  have  but  the  patience 
to  stay  the  same  to  heare, 

’Tis  of  a  roaring  Blacksmith, 

that  blew  old  Vulcan's  Bellowes, 

And  this  same  tone  he  often  us’d,3 
amongst  his  boone  good-fellowes. 

Let's  drinke  and  rant , 

And  sing  a  merry  straine , 

And  when  the  Flaggons  out  then  fill  it  again? 

2  Run  Tap  run  Tapster 

this  was  all  his  note, 

Till  almost  all  his  substance, 

he  had  swallowed  downe  his  throat, 


1  T ext  Resoution. 


2  No  period.  3  Text  us, d. 

459 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


And  all  that  ere  he  got  beside, 
by  his  owne  consent, 

Amongst  his  boone  companions, 
as  freely  should  be  spent, 

Let's  drinke,  let's  rant 
Let' /  sing  a  merry  straine 
And  when  the  Flagg  on's  out  then  fill  it  again  f 

3  O  fie  upon  the  Tapster, 

what  shall  we  sit  and  choake, 

Before  that  we  will  want  Beere, 

I  mean  to  pawne  my  cloake, 

Or  what  is  the  occasion 
that  causeth  all  this  strife 
Take  away  my  Beere  and  company,0 
and  take  away  my  life, 

Then  drinke ,  and  rant 
And  sing  a  merry  straine 
And  when  the  Flaggons  out  then  fill  it  againef 

4  Give  me  some  tobacco 

and  a  pretty  Wench 
Hang  them  that  deserve  it, 
for  I  will  never  flinch, 

As  long  as  I  have  money, 
lie  vapour  and  roar, 

And  when  that  all  my  stock  is  gone, 
lie  straight  waies  worke  for  more, 

Then  drinke ,  and  rant 
And  sing  a  merry  straine 
And  when  the  Flaggons  out  then  fill  it  again f 

4  Text  Let .  5  No  period.  6  Period. 

460 


THE  ROARING  BLACKSMITH 

5  The  Tapster  he  was  ready 

to  fill  when  they  did  call 
And  thought  he’d  been  some  gallant7 
that  would  have  paid  for  all 
And  with  all  speed  as  might  be, 
they  for  a  Maiden  sent, 

On  purpose  for  to  give  this  gallant 
Gentleman  content; 

Then  drinke ,  and  rant 
And  sing  a  merry  straine 
And  when  the  Flagg  on's  out  then  fiVt  again.* 

Cfje  seconb  part,  to  tfje9  same  tune. 

6  At  last  the  oyle  of  Barley 

did  worke  so  gallantly, 

That  it  laid  the  youngster  fast  a  sleepe, 
amongst  his  company, 

The  Tapster  then  did  aske  how, 
the  reckoning  should  be  paid, 

But  all  his  guests  was  in  a  dump, 
and  never  a  word  was  said, 

The?2  they  left  off  their  ranting 
1  tell  you  very  plaine 

The  Flagg  on  it  was  out  hut  was  not  fid  again.* 

7  Then  quoth  the  Maiden 

a  trick  I  will  devise 
I  make  no  question  of  it, 
but  we  shall  get  a  prize, 


No  period.  9  Text  tothe. 

46l 


Period. 


8 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


We’l  dive  into  his  pocket, 
and  take  away  his  store, 

But  they  found  but  one  poore  groat, 
for  he  had  nere  a  penny  more, 

The  T apster  then  was  sick 
In  every  vaine , 

Because  he  fid  his  Be  ere ,  and  had  nothing  for  his 
pain ,10 

8  Then  the  Tapster  tooke  this  Gentleman, 

and11  flung  him  out  o’  th  doores, 

And  bad  a  pox  take  all  such  Customers, 
that  would  not  pay  their  scores, 

He  likewise  then  made  bold  to  take, 
his  Coat  from  him  away, 

Because  he  lov’d  to  call  for  Beere, 
and  never  meant  to  pay, 

The  Tapster  then  was  satisfied , 

For  all  his  Beere  and  paine , 

But  he  vowd  nere  to  fill  to  such  Customers 
againe .10 

Here  is  the  Black-smiths  speech  after  his  Recovery , 
having  cast  up  his  reckonings  he  had 
adieu  to  all  his  old  companions. 

9  By  this  time  the  Black-smith 

began  for  to  awake, 

He  stard  and  look’d  about  him  and 
his  head  began  to  ake, 

He  cast  up  his  reckonings, 
though  nothing  he  did  pay, 

10  No  period.  11  Text  and. 

462 


THE  ROARING  BLACKSMITH 


And  he  fumbled  in  his  pocket,  and, 
these  words  began  to  say, 

Oh  now  my  heart , 

Is  full  of  grief e  and  paine , 

Give  me  my  money  &  take  your  drink  again.12 

10  Farewell  to  Cambridge 

and  farewell  the  Hinde, 

And  farewell  me  money  since 
I  can  no  favor  find, 

Farwell  my  Mistriss, 
and  farwel  her  scores13 
and  farewell  the  Tapster, 

That  flung  me  out  o’  th  doore.12 
With  Oh!  my  heart 
Is  full  of  grief e  and  paine 
Give  me  my  money  <5>  take  your  drinke  againe. 

1 1  Farwell  my  company, 

and  farwell  my  Coat, 

Farwell  my  Customers 
that  stole  away  my  groat, 

Farwell  Tobacco,  and 
farewell  the  Ale, 

Farwell  that  bonny  Lass 
that  told  me  many  a  Tale, 

With  Oh!  my  heart 
Is  full  of  grief e  and  paine 
Give  me  my  money  and  take  your  drink  again. 


13  No  period. 
13  Read  score. 


463 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


12  Farwell  all  Ale-wives,14 
where  ever  they  be, 

And  I  wish  all  good  fellowes 
for  to  be  rul’d  by  me, 

To  save  their  money 
and  fuddle  no  more, 

Least  poverty  come  in 

and  fling  them  out  o’  th  doores10 
As  it  hath  done  me 
I  tell  you  very  plaine , 

But  I  am  resolved  nere  to  he  drunke  againe. 

T.  I. 

London,  Printed  for  Richard  Burton  in  Smithfeld .16 


14  Period. 

15  Read  doore. 
15  No  period. 


464 


72 

The  lovers’  farewell 

C.  20.  f.  14  (19),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  three  woodcuts. 

Date  165  0—56.  This  pleasant  love-song  capably  carries  on  the  tra¬ 
ditions  of  balladry.  It  is  interesting  to  see  that  civil  war  and  oppression 
had  no  effect  in  changing  either  these  traditions  or  the  taste  of  the 
people.  For  the  tune  see  No.  65. 


465 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


jL€>we&g>  jra&ewen; 

W )e  constant  Jkejsolution  of  ttoo  fattfjfull  ILober#  to  Itbe 

ants  bit  together. 

Two  loving  Lovers  here  you  see 
In  Love  and  Heart  do  both  agree , 

And  nothing  can  their  love  once  part 
For  they  are  knit  both  in  one  heart: 

Two  Hearts  in  one  united  are , 

What  Joy  with  Love  then  can  compared 

To  the  tune  of  Farezvel  Saint  Gyleses. 


l  Of  late  as  I  went  abroad 
into  the  fields  to  walk, 

Therein  I  heard  two  Lovers 
thus  sweetly  Court  and  talk: 
Quoth  the  young  man  to  the  maid, 
My  love  hath  ever  been 


1  Comma. 


466 


THE  LOVERS’  FAREWELL 

To  thee  my  dearest  Dear  and  Ioy, 
as  plainly  thou  hast  seen 
But  now  love, 

I  love , 

Must  part  fro?n  thee. 

For  Father  and  Mother  so  commandeth  me. 

2  Now  farewell  my  dear  true-love, 

whom  I  do  love  so  well, 

Adieu  my  deerest  heart,  for  I 
must  bid  thee  now  farewell, 

There’s  none  in  all  the  world  now 
that  I  so  well  can  love, 

Yet  must  be  forced  now  to  leave 
my  Ioy  and  Turtle-Dove, 

Then  come  Love, 

Now  Love, 

Go  thou  with  me. 

And  1  will  be  faithful  alwayes  to  thee . 

3  Then  farewel  unto  London, 

and  farewell  to  Cheapside, 

And  all  the  Lasses  brave  and  fine 
that  therein  do  reside: 

And  farewell  unto  Cornwall, 
and  farewell  unto  Dover, 

If  my  Love  will  go  along  with  me, 
wee’l  range  the  Countrey  over: 

Then  come  Love, 

Sweet  Love, 

Go  thou  with  me. 

For  1  will  prove  faithful  always  to  thee. 

467 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


4  Farewel  unto  W estmins ter, 

and  farewel  to  Whitehall, 

And  farewel  unto  Ratcliff e , 
and  farewel  to  Blackball 
For  I  wil  travel  Flanders, 
and  all  the  coast  of  Spain, 

And  alwayes  where  that  I  am 
my  true-love  shall  remain. 

Then  come  hove, 

Deare  Love, 

Go  thou  with  me. 

For  father  and  mother  lie  forsake  for  thee. 

5  Then  farewell  unto  Greenwich ,2 

that  stately  place  of  pleasure, 

Where  lives  my  Love  and  hearts  delight, 
My  Ioy  and  onely  Treasure: 

And  farewell  unto  Islington, 
where  lovers  do  resort, 

With  Cakes  and  Wine,  and  all  that’s  fine, 
themselves  to  feast  and  sport. 

Then  come  love, 
fine  love. 

Go  thou  with  me, 

For  I  wil  be  faithful  only  to  thee. 

6  And  farewell  unto  Highgate 

whare  we  did  often  walk 
To  view  the  fields  both  fresh  and  green, 
for  pleasure  and  for  talk; 

*  The  third  column  (the  equivalent  of  a  “Second  Part”)  begins  here. 

468 


THE  LOVERS’  FAREWELL 


And  Primrose  hill  where  we  our  hi 
of  loves  deligght3  did  see. 

But  pleasures  more  I  have  in  store 
if  thou  wilt  go  with  me.4 

1  come  love 
Now  love , 
for  to  go  with  thee , 

for  thou  hast  been  faithfull  alwayes  to  me? 

7  Then  farewell  my  dear  father, 

and  farewel  my  dear  mother, 

For  my  loves  sake  lie  you  forsake, 
for  love  I  cannot  smother, 

My  love  and  I  will  live  and  dye 
and  constant  be  alwayes, 

And  nothing  shal  our  loves  remove 
untill  our  dying  dayes, 

Then  sweet  love , 

Deare  love , 

I  wil  go  with  thee , 

Cause  thou  hast  been  faithful  always  to  me. 

8  If  my  love  will  go  to  Sea, 

then  with  him  I  wil  goe, 

For  in  his  breast  my  heart  doth  rest, 
it  must  and  it  shall  be  so : 

I  doe  not  care  what  dangers  deep, 
or  feares  I  undergoe 
Because  that  now  I  see  my  love, 
wil  never  say  me  no. 

6  Sic.  4  No  period.  5  Comma. 


469 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Then  sweet  love , 

I  love 

Wil  go  along  with  thee 
What  ever  it  happens  our  fortunes  to  he. 

9  Let  father  frown  and  mother  chide, 

I  will  love  him  what  ere  betide, 

Cause  I  do  see  he  doth  resolve 
that  I  shall  be  his  Bride. 

What  pleasure’s  more  then  love  that’s  true 
and  constant,  to  be  had 
When  sorrows  deep  oppresse  the  mind, 
’twill  make  our  hearts  full  glad. 

Then  stay  love , 
sweet  love , 

We  will  go  together; 
for  nothing  shall  our  true  loves  sever. 

10  Then  farewell  all  our  friends, 
that  love  us  as  their  life 
For  I  will  have  my  own  love, 
and  be  his  loving  wife. 

Wheresoere  my  Love  doth  goe, 
whether  to  France  or  Spain, 

I  am  resolv’d,  and  so  will  be 
his  true  love  to  remain. 

Then  come  Love , 

Go  L  ove , 

Lets  go  together; 

For  Fm  resolv'd  lie  forsake  thee  never. 

Jftnts. 

London,  printed  for  John  Andrewes  at  the  white  Lion 

without  Newgate. 


470 


73 

Love's  return 

C.  20.  f.  14  (17),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts. 

This  ballad  is  by  Samuel  Smithson,  an  author  discussed  in  the  intro¬ 
duction  to  No.  60.  On  the  tune  see  No.  64. 

HobeS  Return,  <0t\  Cfjc  jflapbenS  3foj>. 

Joeing  &  Compendious  dialogue  bettoeen  ttoo  constant 

ILopaltd)  carted  XoberS. 

Tune,  Nozv  the  Tyrant,  or,  the  May  dens  Sigh 

Man ,1 

l  Arise  from  thy  bed, 

my  Turtle  and  dear, 

And  let  in  thy  true  Love, 
that  stands  coldly  here, 

Leave  sleeping  a  while 
and  let  us  imbrace, 

I  love  to  behold, 
thy  beautifull  face, 

Whose  sighing  and  sorrow, 
to  pitty  did  move 
My  heart  for  the  present, 
and  want  of  my  Love, 

But  now  ime  arrived, 
again  to  the  shore, 

To  make  thee  my  spouseall, 

Ingaged  before.2 

2  Text  Ingage  dbefore. 

47i 


1  No  period. 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

Maid. 

2  What  Eccho  is  this, 

that  sounds  in  my  ear, 

O  tis  the  sweet  voyce, 
of  my  love  and  my  dear, 
Who  venturing  his  life, 
upon  the  salt  Main, 

By  Heaven  is  escapt, 
and  returned  again. 

I  come  my  Love  quickly, 
to  give  thee  a  kiss 
For  now  I  injoy 

what  I  long  time  did  miss, 
Then  welcome  my  True  love, 
thrice  welcome  to  mee, 

I  often  lamented, 
for  wanting  of  thee. 

Man .3 

3  I  tel  thee  my  dearest, 

since  I  did  depart, 

I  often  did  sail 

with  a  sorrowfull  heart, 
The  troublesome  Seas, 
and  tempests  did  rise, 

The  clouds  being  pitchy, 
and  darkned  the  Skyes. 

But  none  of  these  Tempests, 
nor  storms  did  so  move, 
My  heart  to  relenting, 
as  lacking  my  love. 

8  No  period. 


4?2 


LOVE’S  RETURN 


When  Billows  were  mighty, 
and  Gusts  did  appear, 

Yet  nothing  did  grieve  mee, 
but  want  of  my  dear. 

Maid. 

4  When  thou  on  the  Seas 

was  farre  out  of  sight, 

My  heart  was  tormented, 
by  day  and  by  night, 

I  dreading  your  death, 
by  wrack  or  by  sands, 

Or  that  you  were  fallen, 
into  murderers  hands.4 
This  subject  of  terror, 
my  soul  did  affright, 
Whose  absence  did  banish, 
all  joy  and  delight,5 
But  now  ile  leave  sighing, 
and  mourning  a  while, 
For  heaven  has  been  pleased 
on  Lovers  to  smile. 

©f) e  gecoub  part  to  ttje  £ame  tune. 

Man. 

5  But  tell  mee  my  love, 

are  all  our  foes  dead, 

That  caus’d  this  disaster, 
and  misery  bred, 


No  comma. 


473 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


May  wee  now  bee  joyned, 

*  in  union  and  Peace, 

And  have  the  fruition, 
of  natures  increase, 

Without  contradiction, 
of  Parents  or  friends 
Or  else  our  new  Comedy 
tragicall  ends, 

For  I  to  the  Ocean, 
on  force  must  depart, 

Yet  for  a  true  signet, 

lie  leave  thee  my  heart.6 

Maid.1 

6  O  stay  love,  O  stay  love, 
with  mee  that  am  thine, 

Thy  heart  is  concealed, 
as  thou  hast  done  mine, 

My  Father  and  Mother, 
by  Fortunes  decree, 

Are  dead  now  and  buried, 
then  welcome  to  mee, 

Our  chief  adversaries 

are  now  turn’d  our  friends, 
And  those  that  did  wrong  thee 
will  make  thee  amends. 

The  Clouds  being  vanisht, 
the  Sun  shineth  clear, 

And  Cupid  invites  me 
to  welcome  my  dear. 

6  Comma. 

7  No  period. 


474 


LOVE’S  RETURN 


Man .8 

7  Then  welcome  my  Love, 

the  life  of  my  Soul, 

Whose  reall  intention 
there’s  none  can  controle, 
And  as  a  chaste  maiden, 
most  vertuous  doth  prove, 
So  Sea  men  do  scorn, 

to  be  false  in  their  Love, 
As  Sol  in  his  glory, 
ith’  sky  doth  indure, 

My  heart  is  so  fixed, 
both  stedfast  and  sure, 
Then  give  mee  thy  hand, 
and  thy  heart  both  as  one, 
And  then  all  our  troubles, 
and  sorrows  are  done. 

Maid. 

8  O  here  I  resigne, 

both  my  love  and  my  life. 
Farewell  chaste  Diana , 

I  must  bee  a  Wife, 

Assist  us  good  Himen , 
to  tye  Marriage  bands, 

For  Cupid  effected 
this  joyning  of  hands. 

Tis  titles  of  honour, 
for  those  that  are  wed,9 
Whose  actions  are  modest, 
and  civill  in  bed, 

8  No  period.  9  Period. 


475 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


But  such  that  are  shamelesse, 
and  wantonly10  playes, 
Dishonour  their  Husbands, 
and  shorten  their  daies. 

Author  d1 

9  Then  young  men  and  maids, 
that  hear  this  new  song, 

Bee  faithfull  and  kind, 
and  do  no  one  wrong, 

For  love  like  the  Soul, 
to  the  body  gives  life, 

And  happies  that  man, 
that  hath  a  chaste  wife, 

For  vertues  in  women, 
contentment  doth  bring, 

From  whence  the  sweet  fountain, 
Of  riches  doth  spring 
And  men  that  are  reall, 
and  constant  in  mind, 

O  they  are  accepted, 

and  counted1'  most  kind. 

Jftnts. 

s.  s. 

London  Printed  for  F.  Grove  on  Snow  hill. 


T ext  wanton  by. 
No  period. 

Text  an  dcounted. 


476 


74 

A  new  prophecy 

C.  20.  f.  14  (27),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  two  woodcuts. 

Richard  Burton’s  daring  in  printing  under  his  own  name  ballads 
disloyal  to  the  Commonwealth  is  commented  on  in  the  introduction 
(pp.  57—5  8).  The  present  ballad  could  well  have  been  punished  under 
any  of  the  printing  ordinances  or  under  the  Treason  Act  of  1649,  for 
even  the  most  careless  of  licensers  would  have  detected  its  meaning 
and  forbidden  its  appearance.  The  ballad  was  perhaps  intended  pri¬ 
marily  to  arouse  interest  in  a  book  on  the  same  subject;  the  book,  which 
is  announced  at  the  end  of  the  sheet  and  from  advance  pages  of  which 
the  prose  prophecy  was  probably  taken,  was  licensed  to  Thomas  Broad 
on  May  1  1,  1657  (Eyre’s  Transcript,  II,  127),  as  “A  booke  called 
Cricket  in  the  hedge ,  or  a  new  prophesie ,  &c .”  I  have  not  been  able 
to  find  a  copy  of  it. 

The  existence  of  “Margaret  Hough”  can  hardly  be  doubted,  though 
her  age  may  be  somewhat  exaggerated.  It  is  worthy  of  notice,  how¬ 
ever,  that  among  the  many  Houghs  recorded  in  George  Ormerod’s 
massive  History  of  Cheshire ,  one  Thomas  Hough  is  said  to  have  died 
in  1592  at  the  age  of  141  years.  Perhaps  our  Cricket-in-the-Hedge 
is  the  person  referred  to  in  J.  P.  Earwaker’s  East  Cheshire  (1880,  II, 
445):  “At  Hedgerow,  an  old  woman  named  Margaret  Broadhurst  is 
said  to  have  attained  the  great  age  of  140  years,  but  little  credit  can 
be  given  the  story.”  Longevity  was  not  especially  remarkable.  A 
celebrated  case  is  that  of  Thomas  Parr  (died  163  5),  who  is  said  to 
have  lived  to  the  age  of  152  years,  and  who,  apparently  as  a  result  of 
that  distinction  alone,  was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey.  See  further¬ 
more  the  dozens  of  examples  of  “persons  long-lived”  that  are  given 
in  George  Hakewill’s  Apology  or  Declaration  of  the  Power  and  Provi¬ 
dence  of  God ,  1635,  pp.  181  ff. ;  in  William  Turner’s  A  Compleat 
History  Of  the  Most  Remarkable  Providences.  ...  IT hich  have 
Hapned  in  this  Present  Age ,  1697,  Pt.  II,  pp.  30  f.;  and  in  Long 

477 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Livers:  a  Curious  History  of  such  Persons  of  both  Sexes  who  have 
Lived  Several  Ages ,  1728.  Hedgerow  is  in  Rainow  Township,  the 
“Ranna”  of  the  ballad;  two  miles  to  the  northeast  is  Macclesfield 
(“Maxfield”). 

The  prophecy  itself  is  obviously  based  on  those  attributed  to  Mother 
Shipton  (cf.  stanza  1).  The  Profhesie  of  Mother  Shifton  In  the 
Raigne  of  King  Henry  the  Eighth .  Forfeiting  the  death  of  Cardinall 
Wolsey,  the  Lord  Percy  and  others ,  as  also  what  should  ha'p'pen  in 
insuing  times  was  printed  in  1641  (Charles  Hindley’s  Old  Book  Col¬ 
lector's  Miscellany ,  vol.  III).  Other  prophecies  attributed  to  her  were 
printed  in  March,  1642  (E.  141  (2)).  Cricket  deals  with  the  Lion 
(England),  the  Lamb  (Charles  I  and  II),  and  the  Elephant  (the 
Commonwealth),  predicting  the  overthrow  of  the  Elephant  by  the  end 
of  1657.  Her  prediction  was  not  greatly  at  fault.  Cromwell,  too,  had 
prophesying  adherents.  Ralph  Josselin  ( Diary ,  Camden  Society, 
p.  122),  on  December  12,  1656,  saw  “a  booke  esp:  of  Welsh  prophecies, 
which  asserts  that  Cromwell  is  the  great  Conqueror  that  shall  conquer 
Turke  and  Pope.” 

I  have  not  found  the  tune. 


478 


A  NEW  PROPHECY 


3  neto  Prophesie: 

ikime  estrange  ibpeerfjeS  beclareb  bp  an  olb  Woman 
libing  notn  in  Cfjesfjire,  in  Ranna ,  ttno  miles  from 
Maxfield.  fjet  name  is  Margret  Hough ,  Sfje  is  Seben= 
store  anb  fifteene  peares  of  age. 

The  tune1  is,  the  Old-mans  sorrow  for  these  sad  Times . 

1  Come  light  and  listen  Gentlemen, 

and  to  my  song  give  eare, 

A  story  true  I  heare  have  pend, 
as  ever  you  did  heare, 

Of  Shiptons  wife  you  oft  have  heard,2 
of  that  I  make  no  doubt, 

But  another  with  her  may  be  compard 
which  lately  is  found  out.3 

2  I  hearing  of  this  woman  strange, 

in  place  where  I  did  lye, 

Full  many  a  mile  I  then  did  range, 
to  heare  her  Prophecy, 

In  famous  Cheshire  at  the  last; 

not  far  from  Maxfield  Towne, 

I  found  her  out  as  I  did  passe,2 
walking  in  her  owne  ground.3 

3  She  was  the  first  that  did  speake  to  me 

with  words4  that  were  so  meeke, 

Son  what  do  you  in  this  Country, 
or  who  come  you  to  seeke, 


1  T ext  Thetune. 


2  Period. 


3  Comma.  4  Text  wordr. 

479 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


To  tell  the  truth  I  will  not  shame 
nor  no  way  it  alledge, 

I  seeke  a  Woman  cal’d  by  name, 

Crickit  within  the  Hedge. 

4  I  am  the  Woman  Son  she  said, 

come  sit  thee  downe  by  me, 

I  wish  thee  not  to  be  afraid,0 
though  a  stranger  here  thou  be, 

And  for  the  labour  thou  hast  made, 
content  jle  give  to  thee, 

Marke  well  these  words  which  here  are  said 
concerning  Prophecy. 

5  Poore  England  thou  art  in  distresse, 

Scotland  doth  sorrow  gaine, 

The  Ireish  they  in  heavinesse, 
and  so  is  also  Spaine. 

There  is  no  Land  under  the  Sun, 
from  war  can  say  they’r  free, 

Poore  England  thou  dost  suffer  wrong 
my  heart  doth  bleed  for  thee.G 

6  Religion  now  is  made  a  cloake, 

good  teachers  held  in  scorne. 

Thus  we  the  Lord  to  wrath  provoke : 

both  evening  noone  and  morne, 

The  Papists7  little  are  set  by, 
the  Church  men  all  a  sleepe : 

To  God  for  mercy  let  us  cry, 

England  lament  and  weepe. 

5  Period.  6  Comma.  ‘  Text  Papis. 

480 


A  NEW  PROPHECY 
GTf )t  seconb  part  to  tfje  barite  tune. 

7  One  hundred  fifty  and  five  of  age, 

am  I  yet  never  did  see, 

The  Church  so  pind  up  in  a  Kage, 
since  the  death  of  Queen  Mary. 

But  }^et  my  Friend  thou  well  may  live 
to  see  joyes  on  us  creepe, 

Then  be  content  praise  above  give. 

England  lament  and  weepe.8 

8  The  Lamb  shall  with  the  Lyon  feed, 

the  Elephant  so  strong, 

Shall  by  the  Lamb  be  soone  subdu’d, 

’cause  he  hath  don  him  wrong, 

Ere  fifty  seven  is  come  and  gone, 
the  Lyon  he  will  sleepe, 

Then  pray9  to  God  both  old  and  young 
England  lament  and  weepe. 

9  But  ere  these  times  do  come  to  passe, 

much  Blood-shed  thou  may  see, 

And  he  that  climbs  the  highest  fast, 
the  lowest  laid  shal  be, 

The  Elephant  with  his  long  Nose,10 
the  Lamb  full  sore  shall  greet, 

The  Lamb  shall  overcome  his  foes : 

England  lament  and  weepe.8 

10  When  thou  dost  heare  that  peace  shall  come 
and  dwell  in  faire  England, 

Comma.  9  Text  prry.  10  Period. 


48l 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Then  thon  maist  say  to  all  and  some 
that  wars  are  neere  at  hand, 

The  Northern  wind  ye  South  shal  rake 
from  the  East  such  news  shal  peepe, 
To  see  the  same  England  will  shake, 
England  lament  and  weepe.11 

1 1  O  London  fine  lament  in  time,12 

for  sinfull  sure  thou  art. 

Y orke  Citty  faire  have  thou  a13  care, 
and  Linkorn  beare  a  part. 

There  is  more  Cittyes  in  this  Land, 
hath  cause  to  waile  and  weepe, 

For  sure  Gods  judgments  are  at  hand 
England  lament  and  weepe.11 

12  O  let  us  all  lament  in  time 

while  we  have  time  and  space, 

For  our  sins  so  fast  on  us  do  climb, 
Lord  grant  us  of  thy  grace, 

That  we  our  sinfull  lives  may  mend, 
Lord  grant  to  thee  we  creepe, 

That  mercy  thou  to  us  may  send, 
let  us  all  lament  and  weepe. 


First  Son  thou  art  come  a  great  way  to  see  me,  thou 
callest  me  Crickit  in  the  hedge :  and  (many  more  besides 
thee)  cals  me  so,  but  my  name  is  Margaret  Hovgh ,  and  I 


12 


T ext  r. 


Comma. 


Period. 


13 


482 


A  NEW  PROPHECY 


was  borne  in  this  Countrey,  in  the  year  of  1485.  in  the 
time  of  King  Henry  the  7  and  when14  he  died,  I  was 
about  12  or  13.  yeares  of  age:  and  now  I  am  about  155. 
and  my  Daughter  that  you  see  here ;  is  103.  and  was  borne 
in  the  dayes  of  Edward  the  6.  in  the  year  1545.  &  I  have 
seen  the  death  of  7  Kings  &  Queens,  that  is  to  say,  Henry 
the  7  Henry  the  8  Edward  the  6.  Mary ,  Elizabeth  James 
&  the  innocent  Lamb;  And  now  we  live  under  a  new 
Government,  but  harke  Son  ther’s  whims  whams,  and 
trims  trams,  new  plays  and  old  Games  abroad  now  adaies. 
I  tell  thee  thou  maiest  live  to  see  a  great  alteration  here 
in  England ,  for  the  Lyon  is  a  strong  Beast,  and  is  loath 
to  leave  his  den.  And  the  Elephant  he  knows  himselfe 
a  very  strong  beast;  because  he  can  carry  a  Castle  on  his 
Back:  and  these  two  will  have  a  great  Tussell,  and  much 
blood  shall  be  lost  on  both  sides.  Then  he  that  loves  th’15 
Mother  church  of  England ,  let  him  pray  to  God  that  it 
may  stand:  then  the  Lamb  shall  feed  with  the  Lyon. 
Then  woe  to  the  Sluggard.  Hold,  stand  up  old  bones, 
I  had  like  to  have  falne,  &  if  I  had4?  there  is  in  England 
may  get  a  greater  fall  before  they  die;  no10  more  but 
mom  bene. 

There  is  a  Booke  comming  forth  that  will  give  you 
more  satisfaction,  and  shew  you  more  at  large. 


London,  Printed  for  Richard  Burton  in  Smithfield. 


14  Text  wh[]n. 
1j  Text  th. 

16  Text  (no. 


483 


75 

England's  object 

Wood  401  (175),  B.  L.,  four  columns,  four  woodcuts.  Wood 
added  in  MS.  the  date  “Septemb.  1660.” 

For  Hugh  Peters  (1598—1660),  Independent  divine  and  regicide, 
J.  B.  Williams’s  History  of  English  Journalism  (1908),  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue  of  Satirical  Prints ,  I,  5  39—541,  and  the  sketch  in 
the  Dictionary  of  National  Biography  should  be  consulted.  The 
sergeant  mentioned  in  stanza  4  was  perhaps  Sergeant  Northfolk,  who 
on  Map  1  1,  1660,  had  been  ordered  bp  the  Council  of  State  to  ap¬ 
prehend  Peters  ( Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic ,  1659—1660, 
p.  575).  While  in  hiding,  Peters  drew  up  an  apologp  for  his  life  and 
succeeded  in  getting  it  presented  to  the  House  of  Lords.  The  apologp, 
in  which  he  denied  having  had  anp  share  in  the  King’s  execution,  had 
no  favorable  result.  According  to  the  D.  N.  B.,  Peters  was  arrested 
in  Southwark1  on  September  2.  A  satirical  pamphlet  called  Hugh 
Peters's  Passing-Bell  Rung  out  in  a  Letter  (1660,  p.  5)  taunted  the 
unfortunate  prisoner  thus: 

With  what  face  of  brass  couldst  thou  deny  thy  name,  when  thou  wast  appre¬ 
hended  in  Southwark ,  and  when  thou  wast  brought  to  the  Lievtenant  of  the 
Tower:  I  am  credibly  informed,  that  thou  said’st  thy  name  was  Thompson,  and 
said’st,  Thou  wouldst  not  be  such  a  Villain  as  Hugh  Peters  for  a  thousand 
pound:  Whereupon  those  that  took  thee,  knowing  how  to  answer  so  impudent 
a  Traitor  as  thy  self,  replied,  If  thou  wert  not  Hugh  Peters,  they  would  be 
hang'd  for  Hugh  Peters ;  but,  if  thou  wert  Hugh  Peters,  thou  shouldest  be 
hanged  for  thy  self. 

Peters  was  tried  on  October  13,  found  guiltp  of  plotting  with 
Cromwell  for  the  death  of  the  King,  and  executed  at  Charing  Cross 
on  October  14.  Bp  October  18  twentp-eight  regicides  had  been 
sentenced  to  death  and  eight  of  them  executed.  Mirabilis  Annus,  Or 


1  According  to  the  Diary  of  Henry  Townshend,  ed.  Bund,  I  (1920),  61,  he 
was  captured  “at  Nath.  Man,  a  Tap  women’s  \_sic\  house.” 

484 


ENGLAND’S  OBJECT 

The  year  of  Prodigies  (1661,  p.  79)  tells  of  a  poulterer  of  East- 
cheap  who,  on  his  way  to  Charing  Cross  to  see  the  execution,  railed 
bitterly  against  Peters,  whereupon  he  was  savagely  attacked  by  a  dog 
and  dangerously  bitten  eighteen  or  nineteen  times — a  “providence” 
described  as  “the  more  remarkable  because  the  dog  was  alwaies  wont 
to  be  very  gentle,  and  never  observed  either  before  or  since  to  fly  at 
any  one.”  Mirabilis  Annus  Seeundus  (1662,  p.  81)  declares  that  one 
Colonel  Carnaby,  of  Durham,  who  affirmed  “that  Mr.  Peters  was 
drunk  when  he  was  hanged,”  was,  by  the  judgment  of  God,  shortly 
afterwards  killed  by  a  fall  from  his  horse  when  he  himself  was  in¬ 
toxicated.  But  the  statements  of  these  books  of  Puritan  propaganda 
should  not  be  taken  too  seriously.2 

The  tune  is  named  from  the  first  line  of  “The  insatiate  Lover” 
( Merry  Drollery ,  1661,  edited  in  J.  W.  Ebsworth’s  Choyce  Drollery , 
p.  247),  a  ballad  with  the  refrain, 

With  hey  ho  my  honey, 

My  heart  shall  never  rue, 

For  I  have  been  spending  money 
And  amongst  the  jovial  Crew. 

The  same  tune  is  used  by  T[homas].  Rfobins].  (cf.  No.  55)  for 
two  of  his  ballads,  “The  Yorkshire  Maid’s  Fairing”  (Pepys,  III,  384) 
and  “The  Royall  Subjects  Warning-Piece”  (Euing,  No.  310),  in 
the  latter  being  described  as  “a  pleasant  new  tune.”  It  is  customarily 
called  Hey-ho ,  my  honey ,  my  heart  shall  never  rue ,  and  under  this 
name  will  be  found  in  Chappell’s  Pofular  Music ,  I,  292,  II,  462. 


2  Indeed  in  the  preface  to  Mirabilis  Annus  Seeundus  the  compiler  was  forced 
to  admit  that  his  comments  on  “the  Gentleness  of  the  Butcher’s  Dog”  were 
untrue,  “for  the  Dog  was  wont  to  do  mischief  of  the  like  nature  formerly.” 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Cnglanbs  ©bjetl: 

€>t,  <goob  anb  true  Jletoes  to  all  ®rue=bearteb  gimbjects, 
for  tfje  taking  anb  apprebenbing  of  11) at  ijorrtb  belubing 
joiner  of  g>ebttton  Hjttgfj  peters,  bp  tfje  name  of  fCljomson, 
in  ^>outfjtoarfee,  ibaturbap  September  tlje  first:  lOitfj  Ijis 
(Examination  anb  entertainment  bp  tfje  rest  of  tfje  Rebel¬ 
lious  creto  noto  in  tfje  fCotoer  of  Honbon. 

The  tune  is,  Come  hither  my  own  sweet  Duck. 

1  Come  let  us  tryumph  and  be  jolly 

brave  Cavaleers  every  one, 

For  I  have  more  News  to  tell  yee, 
then  any  Diurnall  can : 

Hugh  Peters  he  is  taken, 
of  a  truth  I  tell  to  you, 

The  Rump  is  not  forsaken, 
to  them  hee’l  preach  anew. 

Then  hey  ho ,  Hugh  Peters 
cannot  you  find  a  Text , 

T o  please  your  fellow  Brethren , 
they  are  so  highly  vext. 

2  This  is  the  man  was  wanting 

above  this  three  months  space, 

And  all  the  Rump  lamenting 
they  could  not  see  his  face, 

For  he  was  deeply  learned, 

all  which  they  very  well  knew, 

But  since  he  is  returned 

now  Gallows  claim  thy  due. 

Then  hey  ho  Hugh  Peters 
cannot  you  guote  a  Text , 

486 


ENGLAND’S  OBJECT 

T o  please  your  holy  Sisters 
they  are  so  highly  vext. 

3  Now  having  so  much  leisure, 

to  tell  what  came  to  passe, 
Concerning  of  his  ceasure 
and  how  he  taken  was. 

In  Southwarke  side  he  lodg’d,3 
some-times  in  Kentish  Town: 
From  place  to  place  he  doged, 
till  publikely  he  was  known. 
Then  hey  ho  Hugh  Peters 
how  like  you  now  the  Text 
JVLethinks  the  Tower  Quarters 
have  made  you  soundly  vext . 

4  He  strangely  turnd  his  name, 

and  Thomson  he  was  cal’d, 
Or  like  a  Country-man 
in  debts  had  bin  inthral’d 
He  kept  himselfe  so  close, 
by  crafty  cunning  charms, 
Till  apprehended  was 

by  a  Serjeant  high  at  Armes. 
Then  hey  ho  Hugh  Peters 
your  wits  did  you  deceive 
To  change  your  Surry  quarters 
and  come  with  us  to  Hue. 

5  Come  Peters  I  must  tell  you 

your  crafts  beguild  you  now, 


s  Period. 


487 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Sad  fortune  have  befell  you, 
and  all  your  joviall  crew. 

The  Rump  hath  got  a  sliding, 

Hugh  Peters  got  a  fall, 

And  Haslerig 4  is  chiding, 

like  the  Divel  amongst  them  all. 

Then  hey  ho  Hugh  Peters , 
can  t  you  guote  out  a  Text 
To  learn  Sir  Arthur  patience 
that  is  so  highly  vext. 

6  When  to  the  Tower  he  came5 

as  brethren  us’d  to  do: 

There  met  him  Henry  Vain* 
both  Scot 7  and  Mildmay 8  too : 

Then  he  to  preach  a  Sermon, 
the  Spirit  did  him  call, 

Drew  forth  an  old  Diurnal 
and  preach’d  before  them  all : 

Then  hey  ho  Hugh  Peters 

they  UP  cl  your  Doctrine  well . 

Which  gave  them  such  direction 
how  they  should  go  to  hell. 

7  The  next  that  came  was  a  Rumper, 

and  cal’d  great  Haselrig , 
lie  warrant  ye  he  was  a  thumper 
to  dance  a  Parliament  jigg: 

4  Sir  Arthur  Haselrig,  or  Hesilrige  (f  1661),  the  well-known  statesman  and 
council-member  of  the  Commonwealth. 

6  The  third  column  (really  “The  Second  Part”)  begins  here. 

c  Sir  Henry  Vane,  the  Younger,  executed  on  June  11,  1662. 

‘  Thomas  Scot,  regicide,  executed  on  October  17,  1660. 

8  See  page  307,  note. 


488 


ENGLAND’S  OBJECT 

He  joyed  to  see  his  Chaplain, 
and  did  congratulate 
But  never  was  such  tatling, 
concerning  Church  and  State 

As  was  between  these  creatures 
1  must  tell  to  you 
Sir 9  Arthur  and  Hugh  Peters , 
the  Gallows  claim  his  due. 

8  Luke  Robinson 10  came  after 

the  Parson  for  to  view, 

And  asked  if  Sir  Arthur 
had  heard  his  Sermon  new, 

Who  said  that  he  had  quoted 
a  noble  Rumping  Text, 

For  which  he  should  be  Voted 
at  Tyburn  to  preach  next. 

Then  hey  ho  Hugh  Peters 
my  heart  shall  never  rue 
In  such  a  worthy  pention 

Esquire  Dun11  shall  pay  thy  due ,12 

9  The  Tower  is  strongly  made 

and  Peters  he  is  within 
I’m  sure  he  had  a  hand 
in  martering  of  our  King. 

9  Text  Sis. 

10  On  this  “inveterate  rebel,”  who  is  not  in  the  D.  N.  B.,  see  A  Collection  of 
Loyal  Songs,  1731,  II,  57,  77,  125,  and  the  Calendar  of  State  Papers ,  Domestic, 
for  1659—60,  passim,  and  1660—61,  p.  122. 

11  Edward  Dun,  the  hangman.  His  name  is  given  as  “Hen.  Donne,  Exe¬ 
cutioner,”  in  Bibliotheca  Militum,  1659,  but  this  is  an  error. 

12  No  period. 


489 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

Now  all  will  be  disclosed 

and  brought  to  publick  view. 

If  that  he  be  opposed 

then  Gallows  claim  thy  due. 

Then  hey  ho  Hugh  Peters 

you  are  fast  within  our  locks , 
Therefore  declare  the  persons 
disguised  in  white  Frocks. 

10  These  that  had  on  long  Vizards 
did  on  the  Scaffold  stand 
Like  base  presumptuous  Wizards 
plac’d  by  the  Divels  hand. 

So  expert  and  so  even 

was  one  ’tis  thought  ?twas  you 
The  blow  was  fatal  given 
come  Peters  tell  me  true. 

Examine  all  your  fellows 
prove  it  perfectlie 
Or  else  on  Tyburn  Gallows 
your  neck  shall  hanged  be. 

Jftms. 

Printed  for  F.  Coles.  T.  Uere,  and  VV.  Gilbertson. 


490 


INDEXES 


. 


INDEX  OF 

TITLES,  FIRST  LINES,  REFRAINS,  AND  TUNES 

Tunes  are  ■printed  in  italics.  Titles ,  first  lines ,  and  refrains  are  printed  in 
roman  type ,  titles  being  distinguished  by  double  and  refrains  by  single  quota¬ 
tion  marks.  An  asterisk  indicates  that  the  ballad  in  question  is  merely  referred 

to  in  the  yjotes  or  the  Introduction. 

PAGE 

*“After  Sweet  Pleasure  Comes  Sorrow  and  Pain”  ....  373 

Aim  not  too  high . 349 

*“Alas  Poor  Scholar” . 19,  179 

“Alas  Poor  Tradesmen  What  Shall  We  Do” . 180 

All  in  a  fair  morning  for  sweet  recreation . 316 

‘All  this  good  will  1  do  thee’ . 410 

All  you  who  wish  prosperity . 102 

Amidst  of  melancholy  trading . 180 

“Anabaptists  Out  of  Order,  Idle” . *25,  175 

*“Andrew  and  Maudlin” . 61 

Arise  from  thy  bed  my  turtle . 471 

Army  is  come  up  hey-ho,  The . 222 

*  “Arthur  of  Bradley” . 221 

“Articles  of  Agreement  Betwixt  Prince  Charles  and  the  Parliament 

of  Scotland” . *52,  310 

As  I  about  the  town  did  walk . 155 

As  I  was  walking  forth  one  day . 248 

Aye  marry  and  thank  you  too . 453 

*“Bacchus  Against  Cupid” . 184 

*“Ballad,  A”  (As  close  as  a  goose) . 70 

*  Barton,  Sir  Andrew . 107,  385 

Beat  up  a  drum  for  winter  reigns . 327 

*“Bedlam  Schoolman” . 179 

‘Beggars  all  a-row’ . *11,114 

*Believe  it  friend  we  care  not  for  you . 23 

*“Birds’  Notes  on  May  Day  Last,  The” . 64 

“Bishops’  Last  Good-night,  The” . *12,  *16,  134 

Bleeding  heart  ( —My  bleeding  heart) . 386,  404 

*Bless  the  printer  from  the  searcher . 26 

*“Blue  Cap  for  Me” . 9,  10 

Bonny  sweet  Robin . 215,  *414 

Bragandary . 331 

*Bragandary  down  (or  round ) . 195,  196 

Brave  Essex  and  Drake . 285 

*  Brave  Lord  Willoughby  (  Cf.  310) . 126,  278 

Bride's  burial ,  The . 367 


493 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

PAGE 

“Brief  Relation  of  an  Atheistical  Creature,  A”  ....  278 

Bring  your  lads  and  your  lassies  along  boys  ....  325 

“Britain’s  Honor  in  the  Two  Valiant  Welshmen”  ....  90 

‘But  certain  you  shall  have  no  need  of  a  cat’ . 202 

‘But  God  deliver  Christians  all’ . 108 

‘But  Jove  being  king’ . 285 

“Catch,  A”  .  .  .  . . 325,  352 

Cavaliers  are  vanquished  quite,  The . 185 

*“Cavaliers’  Complaint,  The” . 74 

“Character  of  a  Time-serving  Saint,  The” . 322 

Charm  against  cold  frost  ice  and  snow,  A . 352 

*  Cheerily  and  merrily . 126 

Chevy  chase . 305 

*“Christmas,  A  Song  Bewailing  the  Tme  of” . 160 

*“Christmas,  A  Song  in  Defense  of” . 31 

“Christmas  Carol” . 327 

*“Christmas  Song,  A” . 56 

*“City,  The” . 23 

*“City  Litany,  The” . 150 

*“Coffin  for  King  Charles,  A  Crown  for  Cromwell,  A”  .  .  .  47 

*“Colonel  Rainsborough’s  Ghost” . 40 

“Come  Buy  a  Mouse-trap” . 202 

Come  cease  your  songs  of  cuckolds’  row . 114 

Come  down  prelates  all  a-row . 134 

*Co7ne follow  my  love . 385 

Come  hither  my  jovial  blades . 209 

Come  hither  my  own  sweet  duck . 486 

Come  hither  sweet  Nancy  and  sit  down  by  me  .  .  .  .415 

Come  honest  neighbors  all  sith  we  are  met  here  .  .  .  .  189 

Come  let  us  cheer  our  hearts  with  lusty  wine  .  .  .  .  140 

Come  let  us  triumph  and  be  jolly . 486 

Come  light  and  listen  gentlemen  and  to  my  song.  .  .  .  479 

*Come  Maurice  my  brother  let  us  go  together  ....  25 

Come  noble  hearts  to  show  your  loyal  parts . 252 

Come  the  merriest  of  the  nine . 78 

“Common  Observation  upon  These  Times,  A”  .  .  .  *23,  155 

*“Conscionable  Couple,  A” . 391 

“Constant  Lover  Being  Lately  Frowned  On,  A”  ....  339 

Countrymen  list  to  me  patiently . 120 

“Credit  of  Yorkshire,  The” . 266 

“Cromwell,  A  Hymn  to” . 289 

*“CromweH’s  Panegyric” . 27 

Cuckolds  all  a-row . 114 

Cupid  thou  boy  I  prithee  come  away . 339 

*“Cupid’s  Revenge” . 62 


494 


TITLES,  FIRST  LINES,  REFRAINS,  &  TUNES 

PAGE 

*Dainty  come  thou  to  me . 379 

Dear  Lord  what  sad  and  sorrowful  times . 374 

*“Deciphering  the  Vain  Expense  of  Fond  Fellows  upon  Fickle 

"  Maids” . 63 

“Deplorable  News  from  Southwark” . 421 

*“Dialogue  Between  Dick  and  Robin,  A” . 19 

*“Dialogue  Between  Floridus  and  Cloris,  A” . 59 

*“Discontented  Lover,  The” . 22 

*“Downfall  of  the  New  Bear-garden,  The” . 19 

*“Downfall  of  William  Grismond,  The” . 51 

*“Downfall  of  Women  Preachers,  The” . 25 

“Dreadful  Relation  of  the  Cruel  Massacre  Committed  on  the 

Poor  Protestants  of  Savoy,  A” . 386 

*“Elegy  upon  the  Death  of  Thomas  Earl  of  Strafford,  An”  .  .  119 

‘England  lament  and  weep’ . 480 

*“England’s  Cure  After  a  Lingering  Sickness” . 11 

*“England’s  Lamentation  in  Great  Distress” . 22 

“England’s  Monthly  Predictions  for  This  Present  Year  1649”  *46,  215 

*“England’s  New  Bellman” . 53 

“England’s  Object  or  Good  News  for  the  Apprehending  of  Hugh 

Peters” . *74,  486 

*“English  Challenge  and  Reply  from  Scotland,  An”  ...  89 

* Essex's  last  good-night  (Cf.  Chappell’s  Popular  Music,  I,  174)  .  33 

“Exact  Description  of  the  Manner  How  His  Majesty  and  His 

Nobles  Went  to  the  Parliament,  An” . *9,  78 

Fain  would  I  if  I  could . 440 

Fain  would  I  if  I  might  by  any  means  obtain  ....  440 

Fair  and  comely  creature,  A . 257 

Fair  angel  of  England . 215,  414 

Fair  England  the  garden  of  Europe  was  called  .  .  .  .  215 

Fair  England’s  joy  is  fled  welladay . .  .  233 

*  Faithful  friend ,  Fhe . 391 

“Faithful  Maid’s  Adventures,  The” . 434 

“Fame  Wit  and  Glory  of  the  West,  The” . 257 

*“Famous  Flower  of  Serving-men,  The” . 70 

*“Famous  Sea-fight  or  a  Bloody  Battle  in  1639,  A”  .  .  .  126 

Farewell  to  Saint  Giles's . 420,  434,  459,  466 

“Fatal  Fall  of  Five  Gentlemen,  The” . 243 

“Flattering  Damsel,  The” . 445 

Fleet  at  sea ,  Fhe . 274 

For  God  and  for  His  cause  Ell  count  it  gain . 164 

*“Friar  and  the  Nun,  The” . 451 

From  London  City  lately  went  a  brother . 175 

‘Gallant  English  spirits  do  not  thus  complain’  ....  248 

“Gallant  News  from  Ireland” . *46,  285 


495 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


PAGE 

“Gallant  News  from  the  Seas” . *48,  274 

*“Gallant  She-soldier,  The” . 61 

‘Gallant  valiant  soldiers  as  they  say,  The’ . 422 

* General  Monck's  right  march . 315 

Gentlemen  gentlemen  listen  to  my  ditty . 362 

Gerhard . 238 

Gerhard's  mistress . 236 

Give  the  word  about . 189 

*“Glad  Tidings  of  Great  Joy” . 1 1 

“Glory  of  the  North,  The” . 266 

Glory  of  the  west,  "The . 257,  266 

*Go  empty  joys . 120 

Go  home  in  the  morning  early . 175 

God’s  blessing  guide  our  royal  King . 305 

“Godly  Exhortation  to  This  Distressed  Nation,  A”  .  .  *12,  146 

Good  Christians  all  give  ear  a  while . 278 

“Good-fellow’s  Complaint,  The” . 209 

‘Good  Lord  have  mercy  on  us  all’ . 146 

“Good  News  from  the  North” . *8,  102 

*“Good  News  Videlicet  the  Parliament  Goes  On”  .  .  .  .  n 

‘Great  council  of  the  King,  The’ . 140 

Great  God  of  gods  to  thee  I  pray . 22 

Great  Pluto  prince  of  hell  I  come  to  thee . 355 

“Great  Turk’s  Terrible  Challenge  This  Year  1640,  The”  .  .  108 

*Green  sleeves . 77 

*“Ha  Ha  My  Fancy” . 179 

Hallo  my  fancy  whither  wilt  thou  go . 179 

*“Happy  Proceeding  of  This  Hopeful  Parliament,  The”  .  .  11 

“Harmony  of  Healths,  A” . *31,  189 

*“Hasty  Bridegroom,  The” . 61 

Have  you  the  hungry  bloodhounds  seen  ....  *56,  337 

*“Heaven  Is  Angry  Lord  Send  Peace” . 22 

Heavens  do  frown  the  earth  doth  groan,  The  ....  322 

‘Here’s  a  health  to  our  royal  King’ . 190 

“Hey  Brave  Oliver” . 221 

Hey -ho  my  honey  my  heart  shall  never  rue . 485 

Highlanders'  march ,  'The . 316 

*  Highlanders'  new  rant ,  The . 420 

*Hold  out  brave  Charles  and  thou  shalt  win . 29 

Hold  thy  nose  to  the  pot  Tom . 325 

*“Honest  Man  Will  Stand  To  It,  An” . 11 

“Honest  Man’s  Imaginary  Dreams,  The” . 225 

Honor  invites  you  to  delights . 224 

*“House  out  of  Doors,  The” . 56 

How  now  Mars . 90 

496 


TITLES,  FIRST  LINES,  REFRAINS,  &  TUNES 

PAGE 

How  shall  we  dare  to  trust  them  now . 96 

“Hungry  Bloodhounds,  The” . 337 

“Hymn  to  Cromwell,  A” . *46,  *71, *284,  289 

I  am  a  bachelor  bold  and  brave . 409 

I  am  the  faithful  damosel . 434 

*1  come  my  blessed  Savior  now  behold . 236 

‘I  know  no  harm  thou’lt  do  me’ . 41 1 

*/  tell  thee  Dick  (Cf.  Chappell’s  Popular  Music,  I,  358)  ,  .  74 

*7  tell  thee  Jack  . . 23 

‘I  think  I  mumpt  you  now’ . 299 

T  would  that  my  master  would  come  home  again’  .  .  .  362 

If  ever  England  had  occasion . 84 

‘I’ll  find  out  my  true-love  wherever  he  be’ . 316 

I'll  go  no  more  into  Scotland  for  to  lie . 299 

*77/  go  through  the  world  with  thee . 433 

In  fair  Olympus  high  a  degree  above  the  sky  .  .  .  .  285 

*In  sad  and  ashy  weeds  I  sigh . 60 

In  summer-time . 243,  374,  *385,  404 

“Indifferent  Lover,  The” . 348 

*“Insatiate  Lover,  The” . 485 

*“Item  for  Honest  Men,  An” . 59 

*“Jack  of  Lent’s  Ballad” . 66 

“Jack  the  Plough-lad’s  Lamentation” . *57,  362 

“James  I  and  Charles  I,  A  Satire  on” . 151 

Jasper  Coningham  (or  Jesper  Cunningame:  see  Roxburghe  Bal¬ 
lads,  III,  104) . 278 

“John  and  Bessy,  A  New  Merry  Dialogue  Between”  .  .  .  409 

*“Johnny  Armstrong” . 70 

*“Jolt  on  Michaelmas  Day,  A  ” . 72 

*“Journey  into  France,  A” . 65 

^Jovial  tinker,  The  (Cf.  Chappell’s  Popular  Music,  I,  188)  .  .  24 

“Joyful  News  for  England  and  All  Other  Parts  of  Christen¬ 
dom”  . *57,  342 

*“Judge  Berkeley’s  Complaint” . 1 1 

“Keep  Thy  Head  on  Thy  Shoulders  and  I  Will  Keep  Mine”  .  127 

“King  Charles  His  Speech  and  Last  Farewell  to  the  World”  .  233 

King  Henry's  going  to  Bulloigne . 102 

“King’s  Last  Farewell  to  the  World,  The”  .  .  .  *23,  *47,  228 

*“King’s  Last  Speech  at  Elis  Time  of  Execution,  The”  .  .  .  236 

“Kiss  of  a  Seaman’s  Worth  Two  of  Another,  A”  .  .  *6,  392 

“Kissing  Goes  by  Favor” . 453 

Lady  be  not  coy . 427 

“Lady  Pecunia’s  Journey  unto  Hell,  The”  •  •  *57>  355 

“Lady’s  Lamentation  for  the  Loss  of  Her  Landlord,  The”  .  *52,  316 

Lassies  now  of  Southwark  lament,  The . 421 

497 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

PAGE 

Leave  thee . 392 

*‘Leave  thee  leave  thee  I’ll  not  leave  thee’ . 391 

Let  Cromwell’ s  nose  alone . 289 

‘Let  Cromwell’s  nose  still  reign’ . 289 

‘Let  not  fair  words  make  fools  fain’ . 96 

Let' s  to  the  wars  again . 96,  107 

“Lex  Talionis  or  London  Revived” . 185 

*“Life  and  Death  of  William  Laud,  The” . 19 

*“Life  of  a  Soldier,  The” . 55 

Listen  to  me  and  you  shall  hear  news . 161 

*“Little  Musgrave” . 70 

“Looking-glass  for  Young  Men  and  Maids,  A”  ....  367 

‘Lord  open  the  army’s  hearts’ . 197 

Lord  Willoughby's  march ,  The  (Cf.  278) . 310,  342 

*“Love’s  Fierce  Desire” . 414 

* Love's  mistress . 62 

“Love’s  Return  or  the  Maiden’s  Joy” . 471 

*“Love-sick  Maid,  The” . 236 

*“Lovely  London  Lass  Long  Lamenting  for  a  Husband,  The”  .  23 

“Lovers’  Farewell,  The” . 466 

*“Luke  Harruney’s  Confession  and  Lamentation”  ....  33 

*“Maids  Look  Well  About  You” . 64 

*“Maiden’s  Choice,  The” . 64 

Maiden's  sigh ,  The . 471 

^“Maidens’  Merry  Meeting,  The” . 30 

Mark  Antony . 445 

“Matchless  Shepherd  Overmatched  by  His  Mistress,  The”  .  .  440 

^Maying  time . 107,  385 

“Mercenary  Soldier,  The” . 168 

Merrily  and  cheerily . 127 

*“Merry  Forester,  The” . 451 

*“Merry  Man’s  Resolution,  The” . 420 

*  Merry  soldier ,  The . 24 

*“More  Knaves  the  Better  Company,  The” . 18 

*Most  gracious  omnipotent  and  everlasting  Parliament  .  .  28 

“Mumping  Meg’s  Resolution” . 299 

My  bleeding  heart . 107,  385,  404 

Ned  Smith . 380 

‘Never  did  woman  neither  honest  nor  common’  ....  445 

*“Never  Mark  Antony” . 444 

“New  Ballad  (of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke),  A”  ....  *52,  305 

“New  Merry  Dialogue  Between  John  and  Bessy,  A”  .  .  .  409 

“New  Prophecy  or  Some  Strange  Speeches  by  an  Old  Woman  in 

Cheshire,  A” . *705*247,  479 

*“New  Way  of  Hunting,  A” . 402 


498 


TITLES,  FIRST  LINES,  REFRAINS,  &  TUNES 

PAGE 

“News  from  Newcastle” . *8,  96 

News  from  Scotland  if  you’ll  hear,  The . 310 

No  man  love’s  fiery  passions  can  approve . 349 

No  money  yet  why  then  let’s  pawn  our  swords  .  .  .  .  168 

‘No  more  nor  the  back  of  your  hand  sir’ . 292 

“No  Ring  No  Wedding” . 39-7 

*  Nobody  else  shall  plunder  but  I  (Cf.  John  Play  ford’s  Mustek's 

Delight ,  1666,  p.  26) . 55 

Not  long  agone  walking  alone . 292 

Now  comfortable  tidings  is  come  unto  England  ....  343 

Now  farewell  to  Saint  Giles's  ....  420,  434,  459,  466 

Now  the  tyrant  hath  stolen  my  dearest  away  .  .  .  .414,  471 

O  brave  house . 440 

“O  Brave  Oliver” . *71,  222 

‘O  fie  upon  this  excise’ . 209 

O  God  the  Father  of  us  all . 404 

0  how  now  Mars . 84,  89 

*0  how  now  Mars  what  is  thy  humor . 89 

0  my  pretty  little  winking . 248 

*‘0  thou  projector  whither  wilt  thou  stray’ . 126 

‘O  wonder  wonderful  wonder’ . 196 

“Oates,  Samuel,  The  Relation  of” . 175 

Of  late  as  I  went  abroad  into  the  fields . 466 

Of  late  I  heard  a  ditty  was  sung . 266 

*0f  Noll’s  nose  my  muse  now  sings . 71 

Of  two  notorious  thieves  my  purpose  is  to  tell  .  .  .  .381 

Oil  of  barley ,  The . 292 

Old  man  s  sorrow  for  these  sad  times ,  The . 479 

*“0n  Bugbear  Black-Monday  1652” . 53 

Packington  s  pound . 202 

*“Parliament  Routed  or  Here’s  a  House  To  Be  Let,  The”  .  .  56 

*“Parliament’s  Knell,  The”.  24 

Parson  of  the  parish ,  The . 396 

*“Penitent  Traitor,  The” . 29 

“Peters  a  Post  of  Rotterdam,  A  True  Relation  of  One”  .  .  202 

“Pleasant  New  Song  That  Plainly  Doth  Show  That  All  Are 

Beggars,  A” . 114 

Prentices  fuddle  no  more . 362 

Prettiest  jest  that  e’er  I  heard,  The . 459 

^“Princely  Wooing  of  the  Fair  Maid  of  London,  The”  .  .  .  414 

Prithee  friend  leave  off  this  thinking . 185 

*“Private  Occurrences  or  the  Transactions  of  the  Four  Last  Years”  221 
*“Prophecy  of  the  Swineherds’  Destruction,  A”  .  .  .  24 

*“Protecting  Brewer,  The” . 70 

*“Puritan,  The” . 28 


499 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

PAGE 

*“Pym’s  Juncto” . 23 

“Quakers’  Fear,  The” . *69,  404 

Queen  Betty  kept  wars  with  France  and  with  Spain  .  .  .  151 

Ragged  and  torn  and  true . *59,  209 

*“Ragman,  The” . 126 

*“Review  of  Rebellion,  A” . 28 

*“Revolution,  The” . 348 

*“Reward  of  Murther,  The” .  7 

Right  glory  of  the  west ,  The . 266 

*“Right  Picture  of  King  Oliver,  The” . 71 

“Roaring  Blacksmith’s  Resolution,  The” . 459 

*“Robin  Hood” . 70 

Rouse  up  your  spirits  and  make  haste  away . 274 

“Royal  Health  to  the  Rising  Sun,  The” . *48,  248 

*“Royal  Subjects’  Warning-piece,  The” . 485 

Saint  Giles’’ s . 420,  434,  459,  466 

“Salisbury  Assizes,  The” . *56,  331 

“Satire  on  King  James  I  and  King  Charles  I,  A”  .  .  .  *46,  151 

‘Scotland  now  hath  got  a  king’ . 310 

*“Seaman’s  Leave  Taken  of  His  Sweetest  Margaret,  The”  .  .  433 
*“Seaman’s  Song  of  Captain  Ward,  The” . 101 

*  Seven  champions  of  the  pens,  The . 62 

*“Shameful  Downfall  of  the  Pope’s  Kingdom,  The”  ...  5 

Sing  old  Noll  the  brewer . 289 

*“Sir  Andrew  Barton”  .  70 

*  Sir  Ayidrew  Barton . 107,  385 

So  cold  cold  cold  so  wondrous  cold . 59 

*So  old  so  old . 19 

^“Soldiers’  Delight  in  the  North,  The” .  7 

^“Soldiers’  Sad  Complaint,  The”  .......  56 

Spindolow . 285 

^“Spiritual  Song  of  Comfort  or  Encouragement  to  the  Soldiers,  A”  23 

*“State’s  New  Coin,  The” . 71 

Stingo . 291 

*“Strafford,  Thomas,  Earl  of,  An  Elegy  upon  the  Death  of”  .  .  1 19 

*“Strange  and  True  News  of  an  Ocean  of  Flies”  ....  31 

“Strange  and  Wonderful  News  of  a  Woman  Who  Had  Her  Head 

Torn  Off  by  the  Devil” . 374 

“Strange  and  Wonderful  Predictions” . *45,  196 

*“Strange  News  from  Brotherton  in  Yorkshire”  ....  45 

*“Strange  Predictions” . 54 

Sudden  sad  mischance  near  Shoreditch,  A . 367 

Summer-time  ( —In  summer-time ) . 374,  404 

Sweet  George  I  love  thee . 409 

Sweet  Meg  behold  thy  Willy’s  now . 299 

500 


TITLES,  FIRST  LINES,  REFRAINS,  ©  TUNES 

PAGE 

Sweetheart  be  not  coy . 427 

Sweetheart  I  come  unto  thee . 397 

‘Tan  ta  ra  ra  ra’ . 274 

“Thanks  to  the  Parliament” . *12,  140 

‘Then  come  amain  you  that  would  fain’ . 225 

‘Then  come  love’ . 467 

‘Then  drink  and  rant’ . 459 

‘Then  drink  and  sing’ . 252 

‘Then  hey-ho  Hugh  Peters’ . .  486 

‘Then  let  God’s  people  cry  and  call’ . 146 

‘Then  let  not  fair  words  make  fools  fain’ . 96 

‘Then  merrily  and  cheerily’ . 127 

‘Then  O  fine  Oliver’ . 222 

‘Then  pray  thee  John  sweet  John’ . 434 

“There  I  Mumpt  You  Now” . 299 

“There  Were  a  Company  of  Good  Fellows” . 352 

*“This  Is  Called  Maids  Look  Well  About  You”  ....  64 

‘This  is  the  happiest  news  indeed’ . 343 

This  nation  long  time  hath  been  plagued  with  old  rats  .  .  202 

*‘Though  cannons  be  roaring’ . 361 

Though  Wentworth’s  beheaded  should  any  repine  .  .  .  127 

1 Three  cheaters ,  'The . 322 

*“Three  Horrible  Murthers” . 24 

Through  fear  of  sharp  and  bitter  pain . 228 

°Tis  sack  rich  sack’ . 353 

°Tis  time  for  us  to  cry  and  call’ . 146 

*“To  a  Fair  Lady  Weeping  for  Her  Husband”  ....  396 

To  compliment  and  kiss  some  holds  to  be  a  sin  .  .  .  .  453 

‘To  court  and  kiss  they  will  not  miss’ . 175 

*“Tommy  Pots” . 70 

*“Total  Rout  or  a  Brief  Discovery  of  a  Pack  of  Knaves,  A”  .  54 

Triumph  and  joy . 78 

“True  Lover’s  Summons,  The” . 427 

“True  Manner  of  the  Life  and  Death  of  Sir  Thomas  Wentworth, 

The” . 120 

“True  Subject’s  Wish  for  the  Happy  Success  of  Our  Royal  Army 

in  Scotland,  A” . 84 

*“Truth  Flatters  Not” . 27 

*“Turks’  Denouncing  of  War  Against  the  Christians,  The”  .  .  107 

“Twelve  Brave  Bells  of  Bow,  The” . *46,  252 

Twelve  brave  bells  of  Bow ,  The . 252 

“Two  Antagonists  in  Love” . 349 

“Two  Jeering  Lovers,  The” . 415 

*“Up-tails  All” . 451 

“Upon  Passionate  Love” . 348 


501 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 

PAGE 

*“Upon  the  General  Pardon  Passed  by  the  Rump”  ...  54 
*“Upon  the  Stately  Structure  of  Bow  Church”  ....  251 

‘Valiant  gallant  soldiers  as  they  say,  The’ . 422 

^“Warning  for  All  Quakers,  A” . 403 

“Warning  for  All  Wicked  Livers,  A” . 380 

*“Warning  to  All  Lewd  Livers,  A” . 107,  385 

Was  ever  man  bewitched  or  so  besotted . 445 

“Weeping  Widow,  The” . *47,  238 

Welladay  welladay . 120,  233 

“Wentworth,  Sir  Thomas,  The  True  Manner  of  the  Life  and 

Death  of” . 120 

When  men  and  women  leave  the  way . 331 

When  pride  aboundeth  in  the  city . 146 

*“When  the  King  Enjoys  His  Own  Again”  .  .  20,  23,  33,  37 

When  the  King  enjoys  his  own  again . 160 

When  Venus  did  my  mind  inspire . 392 

*“Which  Doth  Plainly  Unfold  the  Grief  and  Vexation  That  Comes 

by  a  Scold” . 63 

‘Which  she  denied  and  thus  replied’ . 292 

*“Whip  for  the  Back  of  a  Backsliding  Brownist,  A”  .  .  .  144 

“Wily  Witty  Neat  and  Pretty  Damsel,  The” . 292 

With  bleeding  heart  and  mournful  tear . 386 

‘With  tan  ta  ra  ra  ra’ . 274 

Wonders  of  the  Lord  are  past,  The . 196 

“World  Is  Turned  Upside  Down,  The” . 161 

‘Yet  let’s  be  content  and  the  times  lament’ . 161 

*“Yorkshire  Maid’s  Fairing,  The” . 485 

*You  gallants  all  a  while  give  ear . 17 1 

You  noble  Britons  bold  and  hardy . 90 

You  noble  lady  muses  just  in  number  nine . 238 

You  that  desire  for  to  be  enriched . 225 

You  that  desire  strange  news  to  hear . 108 

You  that  in  England  once  bare  sway . 243 

‘You  that  will  go  high  or  low’ . 331 

*“Young  Man’s  Trial  or  Betty’s  Denial,  The” . 64 

“Zealous  Soldier,  The” . 164 


502 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


The  references  are  to  pages.  Numbers  in  parentheses 

refer  to  stanzas. 


a,  of  the  (clock),  381  (7) 
a’,  he,  90  (1) 
a-hatching,  218  (17) 

a  many,  a  considerable  number  of, 
20 5  (12),  31 1  (4),  393  (4),  406  (14) 

a  wo,  probably  a  misprint  for  0  wo, 

3*8  (5) 

Abell,  William,  Alderman,  satires 
on,  9 

abiding,  dwelling  (Whitehall  Pal¬ 
ace),  191  (5) 
abroach,  441  (6) 

Academy  of  Complements,  The ,  348 
acquittance,  a  receipt  in  full,  269 
(8) 

Actors'  Remonstrance ,  The,  14 
Adam  and  Eve,  453  (1) 
addressed,  prepared,  383  (16) 
adieu,  449  (8,  9),  459,  467  (2) 
admiration,  wonder,  263  (13) 
admire,  wonder,  257  (2),  447  (5) 
Adultery  Act,  the,  298 

affect,  love,  take  pleasure  in,  258  (4), 
299, 446  (2) 

ale,  price  of,  in  1647,  protested,  208 
ale-wives,  464  (12) 

Algiers,  in  (12) 
all  and  some,  482  (10) 
alledge  (allege),  mitigate,  lighten, 480 
(3) 

alms,  an,  1 18  (16) 
amain,  in  haste,  225  f.,  255  (6),  286 
(2),  453  (2) 

amiss,  wrongly  formed,  417  (9) 


Amsterdam,  enemies  of  the  English 
Church  fostered  in,  441  (5) 

anabaptists,  ballad  against  the,  1 7 1 

Anatomy  of  the  Westminster  Juncto , 
The,  44  n. 

and  (an),  if,  258  (4) 

and  if  (an  if),  if,  169  (8),  267  (3) 

Anderson,  William,  106 

Annall,  William,  126 

Anne,  Queen  of  James  I,  attacked, 
150 

annoy,  sorrow,  446  (3) 

antic-tricks,  the  actions  of  a  clown  or 
fool,  441  (6) 

antinomians,  ballad  against  the, 
277,  281  (10) 

apace,  speedily,  453  (2) 

Apollo,  254  (4) 

apparitions  in  the  sky,  218  (18) 

apposers,  examiners,  questioners, 
169  (5) 

approve,  demonstrate,  454  (4) 
Arber,  Edward,  63  n.,  77,  83,  100, 
io7>  IJ3>  179 

Ards,  Viscount.  See  Montgomery 
Argier  (Algiers),  in  (12) 

Armstrong,  Archy,  Charles  I’s 
jester,  60 

Army,  the  Parliament’s,  185  (1), 
226  (6) ;  occupies  London,  41 , 22 1 ; 
Saltmarsh’s  advice  to,  195 

Army  Plot,  ballad  connected  with 
the,  125 

a-row,  in  a  row,  114,  134  (1) 


503 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Arraignment  of  Christmas ,  The,  160 

Arundel  and  Surrey,  Earl  of.  See 
Howard 

as,  as  if,  355  (6) 

Ashton,  John,  167,  309 
Assembly  of  Divines  ridiculed,  24 
assurance,  guard,  105  (13) 

at,  against ,  141  (7) 

atheist  (‘athist’),  an,  at  Lambeth, 
ballad  on,  278 

Atkins,  Mrs.,  of  Warwick,  carried 
away  by  the  Devil,  372 

authors  of  ballads.  See  Birkenhead, 
Sir  John;  Brome,  Alexander;  But¬ 
ler,  Samuel;  Cleveland,  John; 
Crouch,  Humphrey;  Crouch, 
John;  Deloney,  Thomas;  “Finis, 
Mr.”;  Guy,  Robert;  H.,  I.;  Ham¬ 
mond,  Charles;  Herbert, Thomas; 
Jones,  Thomas;  Jordan,  Thomas; 
Joy,  Thomas;  Lanfiere,  Thomas; 
Lookes,  John;  Mennis,  Sir  John; 
Mussell,  Francis;  P.,  T.;  Parker, 
Martin;  Price,  Laurence;  R.,  T.; 
Robins,  Thomas;  S.,  S.;  Smith, 
Tom;  Smithson,  Samuel;  Star- 
bucke,  William;  Wade,  John; 
Wortley,  Sir  Francis 

Ay  ton,  Captain,  106 

B.,  I.,  The  Merchants'  Remon¬ 
strance,  179 

B.,  J.  (Birkenhead,  Sir  John?), 

J9,  21 

babe  of  Grace,  one  of  God' s  elect ,  71 ; 
satirical  term  for  wanton  woman , 
205  (11) 

bable  (babble),  395  (12) 

Babylon,  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
130  (10) 

Bacchus,  253 


backward,  to  thrive,  not  to  thrive  at 

all,  1 14  (3) 

Bagford  Ballads,  ed.  J.  W.  Ebs- 
worth,  3,  420 

Baillie,  Robert,  100 

‘Baker,  Colonel/  72 

Balfour,  Sir  James,  89 

ballads,  Civil-War,  based  on  rumors 
from  Scotland,  8;  chief  collections 
of,  4  ff.;  general  nature  of,  6;  col¬ 
lectors  of,  46;  singers  of,  tried,  23 ; 
effect  of  pamphleteering  on,  43; 
ending  of,  with  prayers  for  the 
ruler,  51 ;  few  entered  in  the  Sta¬ 
tioners’  Register,  64;  form  of, 
changes  in  the,  27;  history  of,  in 
the  news-books,  58  ff.;  influence 
of,  enormous,  15;  laws  against 
printing,  in  1647,  36,  in  1649,  49, 
in  1656, 66  f.;  libelous,  burned  by 
the  hangman,  13;  licensed  before 
the  event,  77;  licenses  printed  on, 
402;  licensing  of,  regulations  for, 
13,  40,  46,  57;  literary  men  turn, 
to  the  writing  of,  1 4 ;  loyal,  printed 
at  York  and  Oxford,  23;  “popu¬ 
lar,”  reappearance  of,  in  1656  f., 
70;  printed  collections  of,  65  ff.; 
printing  of,  prohibited,  26,  54  ff., 
63;  summarized  from  plays,  14, 
from  news-books,  89,  95, 100, 1 95, 
214,  284, 309, 329,  366,  385;  sum¬ 
marized  by  news-books,  61,  372; 
suppression  of,  urged  on  Parlia¬ 
ment,  1 1 ;  type  of,  in  1640-41, 7  ff., 
in  1642-47,  13  ff.,  in  1650-54,  52- 
58,  in  1655-56,  63  ff.,  in  1657-60, 
70  ff. ;  unlicensed,  printed  in  1 643, 
23;  used  as  war-bulletins,  7,  100; 
woodcutsof,  attacked  by  Quakers, 
68  f.  See  authors,  Charles  I  and 
II,  Cromwell,  Parliament,  pam¬ 
phlets,  printers 


504 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


ballad-singers  and  hawkers,  actions 
of,  in  the  streets,  30,  50;  suppres¬ 
sion  of,  laws  for,  29, 36, 40,  49,  54 
f.,  63,  70;  whipped  and  impris¬ 
oned,  50,  55 

ballad-writers,  attitude  of,  to  Charles 
II,  74;  become  pamphleteers,  31 
ff.;  literary  men  as,  14;  number 
of,  after  1641,  14,  after  1653,  56; 
players  as,  14;  poverty  of,  15; 
prominence  of,  in  1656,  67;  sol¬ 
diers  in  the  Royal  Army,  20.  See 
authors,  ballads 

band,  collar ,  116  (10) 

banded,  united  as  in  a  band ,  226  (6) 

ban z, fatal  injury ,  365  (9) 

Baptists,  ballad  against  the,  171 
Barkstead,  Colonel  John,  40 
barley,  juice  of,  beer ,  327  (4) 
Barnfield,  Richard,  354 
barrel  used  for  a  pulpit,  147  (6) 

Bastwick,  John,  theological  contro¬ 
versialist,  who  was  imprisoned 
and  fined  by  the  Star  Chamber  in 
1637  for  his  Litany  denouncing 
the  episcopacy.  He  was  released 
and  his  fine  restored  to  him  in 
1646, 154 

bays  for  weddings,  397 
be,  are ,  417  (9) 

Beard,  Thomas,  366 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  14,  64 
because,  in  order  that ,  382  (12) 
beed  (bed),  293  (2) 
beer,  excise  on,  protested,  208 
beggars,  ballad  of,  114 

beheading  of  Lord  Strafford,  120, 
125;  of  Charles  I,  227,  232;  of  Ca- 
pel,  Holland,  and  Hamilton,  241. 
See  executions 

bell,  book,  and  candle,  137  (13) 


Bell,  Adam,  64 
Bellona,  2^4  (4) 
bepissed,  418  (10) 
beray.  See  bewray 

Berkeley,  Sir  Robert,  Justice  of  the 
King’s  Bench,  1 1 

bespake,  spoke ,  274  (3),  275  (7) 
Bess  and  John,  a  ballad,  409 
Bethen,  Captain  Francis,  40  f. 
Betty,  the  Glory  of  the  West,  258  (3) 

bewray,  betray  {defecate) ,  205  (10), 
272  (12) 

Bibliotheca  Militum ,  489  n. 
bilboe  (Bilboa),  sword ,  222  (3) 
billing,  love-making ,  202  (2) 
Billingsgate,  London,  300  (6) 

Birkenhead,  Sir  John,  14,  55,  214. 
See  B.,  J. 

Bishops,  the,  attacked,  16,  19, 

132  ff.,  158  (i4),  163,312  (5) 
Bishops’  Wars,  ballads  on,  7 
Bishopsgate,  London,  371 
Blackheath  Down,  383  (15) 
blacksmith,  a  roaring,  ballad  of,  459 
Blackwall  (Blackwell),  468  (4) 

blade,  bold fellow ,  roisterer ,  140  (4), 
255  (6),  428  (2),  448  (8),  455  (5) 
Blasphemy  Act,  the,  320 
blazed,  reported ,  scattered ,  262  (10) 
Blazing  Star ,  or  Noll's  Nose ,  72 

bleeding,  used  of  flowing  wine>  252  ff. 

bloodhounds,  Parliament  a  pack  of, 
a  ballad,  336;  Roman  Catholics 
as,  389  (17) 

blue  cap  (bonnet),  general  term  for 
the  Scots ,  9  f.,  85  (6) 

Bodenham,  Anne,  ballad  on,  56, 329 

bodkin,  pin-ornament  for  the  hair , 

369  (9) 


505 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Bonnyer,  Adam,  io 6 
bony  (bonny),  292  (2) 

“Book  of  Fortune.”  See  C.  20.  f.  14 

Booker,  John,  37>  2I4 
boon  companions,  459  f. 
boord  (board),  table ,  365  (10) 
boot,  to,  209  (1) 

Boreas,  the  north  wind ,  442  (8) 
Borret,  David,  106 
borun,  bored ,  415  (2) 
bout,  occasion ,  343  (1) 

bow,  bring  (win)  to  one’s,  bring  a 
person  to  one's  will  or  control ,  275 
(8),  301  (8),  302  (13) 

Bow  Church,  the  bells  of,  ballad  on, 
251 

Bower,  Edmond,  329 
branches,  scions ,  92  (7) 

Brandon,  Gregory,  16 
braslets  (bracelets),  293  (3) 
brass,  a  face  of,  335  (16) 
brave, fine,  handsome ,  263  (13),  294 
(6),  322  (3))  etc  a,  finely,  293  (4), 
393  (3) 

bra flaunt  showily y  115  (6) 
bravely,  finely >  262  (10,  n),  etc. 
Bray,  a  poet,  21 

Breda,  Charles  II  and  the  Scotch 
commissioners  agree  at,  309 

breeches,  to  wrong  one’s,  defecate , 
289  (2) 

brewer  scalded  to  death  in  London, 
366 

Brewer  s  Plea ,  Phe,  208 

bride,  the  substituted,  ballad-story 
of,  256 

bride-gloves,  399  (6) 
brief,  (?)  152  (4) 


brige,  /.<?.,  London  Bridge  (where 
malefactors’  heads  or  quarters 
were  exposed),  222  (2) 

bright,  beautiful ,  260  (8) 

Bristol,  Earl  of.  See  Digby 
Bristow  (Bristol),  258  (3),  262  (10), 
264  (14),  435  (3)>454  (3) 
Broadhurst,  Margaret,  477 
Brome,  Alexander,  14,  20  f. 

Brome,  Richard,  64 
brook,  endure ,  416  (6) 

Brotherton,  Yorkshire,  wheat  rains 
in,  45 

Brown,  Louise  F.,  173 
Browne,  Thomas,  and  the  Devil, 
373 

Browning,  Robert,  119 

Brute  (Brutus),  grandson  of  TEneas, 
fabulous  ancestor  of  the  Britons, 
9°  (1) 

Buckingham,  Duke  of.  See  Villiers 

Buens,  David,  106 

Burney  Collection  of  news-books,  44 

burning  the  buttocks  of  new  married 
couples,  an  atheist  desires  a  com¬ 
mission  for,  278 

Butler,  James,  Duke  of  Ormonde, 
24i,  284,  289  (4) 

Butler,  Samuel,  70,  320,  396 
buzzard,  415  (2) 

by,  probably  a  misprint  for  my, 

400  (9) 

byth’,  by  the ,  104  (10) 

C.  20.  f.  2,  ballad  reprinted  from,  1 1 9 

C.  20.  f.  14  (“Book  of  Fortune”),  4, 
64  n. ;  ballads  reprinted  from,  315, 

34E  36i>  366>  372)  3^5)  391)  409, 
4T4,  42°)  426,  433)  444)  4 5E  4 58) 
4 65)  471)  477 


506 


GLOSS ARIAL  INDEX 


Cadwallader  the  Blessed,  British 
King,  ca.  664,  92  (7) 

Caesar,  161  (1) 

Caesar,  Sir  Charles,  80  n. 
Calvinists,  155  (3) 

Cambridge,  ballad  of  a  blacksmith 
in,  459 

Cancer,  the  constellation  of,  429  (5) 
cannibal,  280  (8) 

Canterbury,  Archbishop  of.  See 
Laud 

Canterbury,  Christmas  riots  at,  160; 
churches  wrecked  at,  163;  tale  of, 
a  cock-and-bull  story ,  129  (8) 

Capel,  Arthur,  Lord,  execution  of, 
ballad  on,  241 

Capricorn,  constellation  of,  429  (5) 
Carlisle,  Countess  of.  See  Hay 
Carnaby,  Colonel,  485 
carol,  a  Christmas,  326 

carouse,  a  hearty  drink  of  liquor, 

104  (9) 

carpet  knights,  -persons  knighted  on 
other  grounds  than  those  of  mili¬ 
tary  service  or  distinction,  155  (2) 

Carre,  Thomas,  241 

carriage,  actions,  behavior,  175  (2), 

295  (7),  422  (2),  427 

carry,  carry  on,  conclude,  438  (12); 
carry  sway,  have  power ,  244  (3) 

cart,  tied  to,  i.e.,  as  a  scold  is  pub¬ 
licly  punished,  418  (12) 

Case for  Noll  Cromwell's  Nose,  A,  72 
cast,  throw  of  dice,  1 14  (2) 
caterpillars,  rascals,  141  (6) 

Cato,  451 

Cattricke,  John,  106 

cause  (’cause),  because,  164  (3),  198 

(8)>  357  (59).  38 7  (8)>  47°  (9) 


Cavalier,  a  woman  Royalist,  258  (4), 
261  (8),  266  (1,  2),  267  (2,  4),  269 

(7).  39 7  ff- 

caveat,  257 

Cerberus,  441  (6) 

Ceres,  170  (8) 

certain ,?  certainty ,  131  (11) 

Certain  Informations from  Several 
Parts,  22 

chalk,  to  pay  in,  to  have  one's  bill for 
wine,  etc.,  marked  in  chalk  by  the 
tapster,  i.e.,  charged,  143  (15) 
Chappell,  William,  3,  51  n.,  77,  107, 
1 13,  120,  126,  160,  163,  174,  201, 
208,  214,  224,  232,  256,  277,  291, 

3°4, 3°9>  3U)  348, 366, 379, 38?, 
414,  452,  485.  See  Roxburghe  Bal¬ 
lads  (vols.  I-III) 
chaps,  ja ws,  417  (9) 

Charles’  wain,  the  seven  brightest 
stars  of  the  constellation  Ursa  Ma¬ 
jor  (here  called  the  wain  of  Charles 
II  rather  than  properly  of  Char¬ 
lemagne),  252  (2) 

Charles  I  referred  to,  179,  184,  354, 
439;  mentioned  in  ballads,  28,  99 
(12),  106,  124,  183  (8),  200  (14), 
286  (4),  318(6),  336,  364(9),  483; 
ballads  hostile  to,  23,  25,  27  f., 
46,  139,  150,  154;  the  Bishops’ 
Protest  and,  133;  councillors  of, 
attacked,  140;  deposition  of,  bal¬ 
lad  attacking,  224;  devotion  of 
Martin  Parker  to,  77,  83,  89;  ex¬ 
ecution  of,  ballads  on,  47,  227, 
232,  236,  Royalist’s  lament  for 
the,  247,  sermon  on  the,  48 ;  exe¬ 
cution  of  Strafford  and,  119;  ex¬ 
ecutioners  of,  disguised,  490;  the 
Four  Bills  and,  ballad  on,  188; 
Henrietta  Maria’s  lament  for,  a 
ballad,  236;  the  judges  of,  ballad 
on,  484;  Lilly  aids,  to  escape,  in 
1648,  214;  loyalty  of  ballads  to, 


507 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


30;  miracles  following  his  death, 
232;  Parliament  opened  by,  in 
1 640, 9,77 ;  rewards  a  brave  Welsh¬ 
man,  93  (12) 

Charles  II  mentioned,  223  (6),  236, 
305  (1),  365  (10);  crowned  at 
Scone,  ballad  on,  309;  flight  of,  in 
1650,  ballad  lamenting,  315;  joins 
Henrietta  Maria  in  France,  188; 
restoration  of,  urged  in  1649,  bal¬ 
lads,  251,  273,  in  1654,  361;  res¬ 
toration  of,  in  1660,  ballads  on, 
73;  royal  health  to,  a  ballad,  247; 
supporters  of,  their  victories  in 
Ireland,  284 

Charles  X,  King  of  Sweden,  31 1  (2) 

Charles  Emmanuel  II,  Duke  of 
Savoy, 385 

Charles  Lewis,  Elector  Palatine, 
hi  (n),  154 

chaste  wife  and  her  suitors,  ballads 
of  a,  201,  265 

Cheapside,  London,  456  (10), 

467  (3) 

Chensford  (Chelmsford),  Essex, 

172  f.,  402 

Cheshire,  long-lived  persons  in,  477 
Child,  Francis  James,  265,  361 
Children  of  Light,  the.  See  Quakers 
chink,  to,  168  (1) 

Choice  Drollery ,  66  f. 
chrisp  (crisp),  curl ,  400  (10) 

Christ,  Parnel  attempts  to  emulate, 
406  (11),  408  (26) 

Christmas  carol,  a,  326;  forbidden, 
ballads  on,  31,  160 

Christian  names  in  1656,  list  of, 

422  f. 

Church  of  England,  enemies  of,  a 
ballad,  440.  See  Bishops,  Dissen¬ 
ters,  sectarians 
churlish,  280  (8) 


‘Cicely  Plum-porridge,’  160 

Cicester  (Chichester),  Sus¬ 
sex,  454  (3) 

Cinque  Port  towns,  the  five  English 
channel  ports ,  Hastings ,  Romney , 
Hythe,  Dover ,  Sandwich ,  435  (5) 

cipresse  (cypress),  crape ,  322  (4) 
circumventing,  96,  105  (15) 

clap,  misfortune  ( with  double  enten¬ 
dre)  ,  205  (12),  216  (8) 

Clark,  Andrew,  173 
Clarke,  John,  61 

Cleveland,  John,  14,  21,  28,  119, 
444;  as  a  pamphleteer,  32,  44 

clip,  embrace,  325  (3),  412  (ii),4?5 

(7) 

cloath,  cloth ,  302  (13);  clothe ,  322 
(3);  clothes ,  382  (9) 

cloths  (clothes),  270  (9),  271  (10) 

Clouston,  W.  A.,  265 

clown,  a  rustic ,  262  (10, 12),  364  (9) 

coat-money,  a  levy  made  by  Charles 
I  on  the  pretext  of  furnishing  the 
army  with  clothings  140  (3) 

codpis  (cod-piece),  418  (10) 

Coe,  J.,  28 

cog,  cheat ,  295  (8) 

coherence,  consistency ,  349  (2) 

Cokaine,  Sir  Aston,  145 

Coke,  Bishop  George,  133 

Coke,  Sir  John,  15 

Colchester,  Essex,  1 72, 1 75, 241 , 402 

co\d\y,  feeling  the  cold,  471  (1) 

cole  (coll),  embrace ,  455  (7) 

Collection  of  Loyal  Songs,  A,  396, 
489  n. 

Collier,  John  Payne,  16  n.,  29  n.,  144 
Colvidell,  James,  106 

comfortable,  comforting ,  78,  342  (1) 
commanding  power,  279  (5) 


508 


GLOSS ARIAL  INDEX 


Committees,  Parliament’s,  11 6  (4) 
common,  unchaste ,  445  ff. 

Common  Prayer,  Book  of,  307 

(i9)>366 

community,  social  intercourse , 

322  (2) 

compendious,  471 

complement,  complete  allowance ,  82 
(13);  compliments,  fine  words ,  257 

(1) 

complement,  compliment ,_ flatter , 

453  w 

composition,  mutual  agreement ,  i.e., 
peaceful  surrender ,  285 

conceit,  device ,  259  (5) ;  fancy,  263 
(12);  opinion ,  266  (1) 

conceited, fanciful,  453 
conceive,  (<272  opinion ),  96 

conduct-money,  <2  /<2V  levied  by 
Charles  I  to  pay  the  traveling  ex¬ 
penses  of  his  army ,  140  (3) 
conjoin,  399  (7) 
conjuring-book,  332  (4) 
conny.  See  cony 

content,  to  give  one,  make  happy , 
please ,  266  (2),  267  (4),  270  (9) 

Conway,  Edward,  Viscount,  95, 

158  n. 

cony,  rabbity  203  (3),  41 1  (5) 
Cooper,  Margaret,  372 
cope,  <2  J7V&  mantle  worn  by  ecclesias¬ 
tics,  159  (17) 

Corbet,  Miles,  26 
Corbet,  Richard,  65 
Cor  da  Angliae ,  11 

cornet,  a  commissioned  officer  of  the 
lowest  grade,  98  (7,  8) 

corporal  eyes,  82  (15) 

Corser,  Thomas,  227 

Court  of  High  Commission,  Martin 
Parker  examined  before  the,  10 


Court  Career ,  Fhe,  72 
cousened  (cozened),  260  (6,  8) 
Covenant,  Charles  II  and  the,  309 
Covenanters,  the,  84 
Coventry,  Thomas,  Lord,  156  n. 
Cowde,  John,  106 
cozen  (cousin),  260  (8) 

Cranny,  Patrick,  106 

Crawford,  Earl  of,  ballad-collection 
of,  5,  1 1  n.,  23  n.,  24  n.,  27  n.,  53 
n.,  56  n.,  227,  251,  321,  420 

Crayford,  Colonel  (Lawrence  Craw¬ 
ford?),  8 

Cricket  in  the  Hedge,  ballad  of,  477 
Croft  Bridge,  100,  105  (12) 

Cromwell,  Oliver,  45,  57  n.,  207, 
241,341,354,386;  ballads  ridicul¬ 
ing,  29,  70,  221 ;  love  of,  for  mu¬ 
sic,  341 ;  the  nose  of,  satires  on,  71 
f.,  221,  288;  operations  of,  in  Ire¬ 
land,  ballads  on,  284,  288;  proph¬ 
ecy  of  his  downfall,  477;  treaty 
of,  with  Holland  and  Denmark, 
ballad  on,  342 
Cromwell,  Richard,  72 
crost  (crossed),  afflicted ,  443  (1 1) 
Crouch,  Edward,  50,  58,  144 
Crouch,  Humphrey,  5,  11,  20,  40, 
575  595  63,  67,  391;  ballads  by, 
1 13,  144,  201,  354;  facts  about, 

J44 

Crouch,  John  (Swallow?),  32,  34, 
58,  144;  as  a  Royalist  pamphle¬ 
teer,  35  ff.,  43;  as  a  licensed  pam¬ 
phleteer,  53;  importance  of,  in 
ballad-history,  58-62;  ballads  per¬ 
haps  by,  325,  326,  339,  348,  352. 
See  Mercurius  Democritus ,  Mer- 
curius  Fumigosus ,  The  Laughing 
Mercury ,  Fhe  Man  in  the  Moon 

Crouch,  ‘Swallow’  (John?),  32, 

34,  58 


509 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Crowch,  Mrs.  Dorothy,  23 

crown,  a  coin  worth  five  shillings , 

203  (4) 

crownet,  coronet ,  253  (3),  285  (1) 
Cumberford,  Humphrey,  145 

Cupid,  316  (i),3i8  (5),  339  (1),  350 
(10  f.),  392  (1),  398  (5)j  409  (0, 
429  (4),  474  (6) 

currier,  a  dresser  of  tanned  leather , 

3°2  (n) 

Curse  against  Parliament- Ale ,  A, 
288 

Cymball,  Henry,  39 

damnedly  (‘damdly’),  308  (21) 
Dancing  Master ,  Phe.  See  Playford 
danted  (daunted),  130  (10) 
danty  faire  (dainty  fare),  293  (4) 
Davenant,  Sir  William,  65,  125 
David  and  Jonathan,  92  (8) 

Davies,  G.,  48 
Davis,  Mary,  murdered,  7 
Death's  Masterpiece ,  52 
deck,  adorn ,  293  (4),  322  (3) 

Declaration  from  the  Children  of 
Light ,  A)  68 

Deloney,  Thomas,  256 

demerit,  that  which  one  merits , 

1 15  (6) 

demur,  to  breed  a,  lead  to  an  indeci¬ 
sion  ,  217  (12) 

denay  (deny),  367  (2) 

Denham,  John,  119 

Denmark,  King  of,  Frederick  III, 
31 1  (2);  treaty  of,  with  England, 
342;  war  of,  with  England,  pre¬ 
dicted,  218  (16) 

Deputy,  i.e.,  Lord  Strafford ,  127  (2) 
Derby  House  Committee,  37 
derived,  descended from ,  90  (1) 


destructions,  231  (12) 

Devil,  the,  Anne  Bodenham  and, 
329;  handclasp  of,  fatal,  304;  kills 
the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  304;  Lady 
Pecunia  and,  354;  tears  a  sea¬ 
man’s  wife  to  pieces,  372 

Devizes,  Wiltshire,  23,  55 
Diana,  the  goddess,  475  (8) 
dice-play,  114  (2) 

Dichet,  Somersetshire,  an  activity 
of  the  Devil  at,  372 

Dick  and  Nancy,  ballad  of,  415 
Dick,  Alexander,  106 

Dickens,  Charles,  David  Copper- 
field,  232 

Dido,  430  (7) 

Digby,  Captain  John,  100 
Digby,  Sir  John,  Earl  of  Bristol, 

95)  100 

dipping,  baptism  by  immersion , 

175  ff. 

Directory  for  public  worship,  366 

Discovery  of  2cy  Sects  Here  in  Lon¬ 
don ,  277 

discry  (descry),  1 12  (14),  180  (2) 
disgest,  digest ,  104  (8) 
dissents,  descents,  151  (3) 

Dissenters,  ballads  attacking,  175, 
277,  320,  402,  439.  See  sectarians 

ditched,  dug  ditches,  225  (1) 
diurnal,  news-book,  486  (1),  488  (6) 
Diurnall  Occurrences ,  21 
Divines,  Assembly  of,  24 

dog-days,  usually  reckoned  (from  the 
heliacal  rising  of  the  dog-star)  as 
July  3  to  August  11  inclusive ,  217 

Os) 

dog-star,  Sirius  or  Canicula  in  the 
constellation  Canis  Major,  252  (2), 
286  (4) 


510 


GLOSS ARIAL  INDEX 


doged  (dodged),  487  (3) 

Don  Zara  del  Fogo,  37  n. 

Donne,  Henry,  489  n. 
doom,  judgment)  428  (2) 

Dorset,  Earl  of.  See  Sackville 
double,  practise  deception ,  272  (12) 
double-handed,  deceitful ,  356  (14) 
doubted, feared,  216  (8) 

Douce  ballad-collection,  Bodleian 
Library,  458 

Douglas,  Sir  Alexander  (Archibald), 

100,  106 

Downfall  of  Temporizing  Poets , 

The ,  14 

Drage,  William,  330 
drawer,  tapster,  143  (15) 

Drayton,  Michael,  119 
Drew,  John,  174 

Drogheda,  Co.  Louth,  Ireland,  cap¬ 
ture  of,  284,  289  (2) 

drowned  in  despair,  238  (2) 

Dryden,  John,  73 
Duckdell,  Allen,  106 
dump,  melancholy ,  sadness ,  461  (6) 
Dun,  Edward,  hangman,  489  (8) 

Dundalk,  Co.  Louth,  Ireland,  cap¬ 
ture  of,  284,  289  (3) 

Dunmow,  Ess  ex,  173 

D’Urfey,  Thomas,  Pills  to  Purge 
Melancholy ,  61,  70,  184,  451 

Durham,  102 

Dutch,  the,  excise  begun  by,  209 
(2);  naval  battle  of,  with  Spain, 
in  1639, 1 17  (12),  126.  See  Holland 

Dutch  Diurn  all,  The>  56 

ears,  to  be  master  of  one’s,  i.e.y  with 
ears  not  cropped  ( like  Prynne’s ), 

140  (5) 

Earwaker,  J.  P.,  477 

511 


Ebsworth,  J.  W.,  3  f.,  5, 5 1  n.,  67, 232, 

236,  348,  39b  444,  485-  See  Bag- 
ford  Ballads ,  Roxburghe  Ballads 
‘(vols.  IV-IX) 

eclipse  of  the  sun  in  1652,  53 
Edward  VI,  King,  483 
Edwards,  Thomas,  24,  171  ff.,  195 
Eglisham,  George,  150 
eke,  also,  32a  (i),  387  (7),  424  (8), 
435  (3) 

elect,  those  chosen  for  the  special fa¬ 
vor  of  God)  175  (1) 

election,  the  choice  by  God  of  persons 
for  eternal  grace  and  life)  1^5  (3) ; 
personal  choice ,  317  (4) 

elephant,  the,  Cromwell ,  478 

Elfrida  story,  ballad  resembling 
the,  256 

Elizabeth,  Princess  Royal,  daughter 
of  Charles  I,  188,  236,  336 

Elizabeth,  Queen,  66,  151  (1),  483 
elves,  rogues ,  356  (25) 

Ely,  Cromwell  farms  at,  288 
Endless  Queries ,  73 
Ennius,  273 
epicures,  281  (10) 

Essex,  anabaptists  in,  ballad  against, 
171 ;  James  Parnel’s  death  in,  404 

Euing  ballad-collection,  5, 315, 433, 

485 

Evelyn,  John,  13  n.,  53 
except,  accept ,  412  (10) 

Exchange,  the  Royal,  of  London, 
456  (10) 

excise,  the,  ballad  attacking,  207, 
226  (5) 

Excise-Men  s  Lamentation ,  207 

executions,  ballads  dealing  with,  7, 
120,  125,  126,  227,  232,  241,  329, 
380, 386 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


extirpate,  164  (1) 
eyesight,  eyes,  421  (1) 

Eyre,  G.E.B.,  19  n.,  139?  -^~7>  ^3^> 
265,  326,  396,  402,  409,  414,  444, 

477 

F.,  S.,  Sportive  Funeral  Elegies ,  67, 
*45 

fact,  <7m/,  crime ,  136  (10) 

factious,  84  (1),  88  (14),  177  (6), 
198  (10),  254  (5) 

Fair  Em,  256 

Fairfax,  Thomas,  Baron  Fairfax, 

23,  4F45>  J56  n*>  i84,  j95>  221, 
222  (2),  223  (5),  241 

fairies,  the  Queen  of,  73 

fairing  ,  a  gif t  bought  at  a  fair,  294  (5) 

Faithful  Scout ,  379,  385 

fall  on,  begin  vigorously ,  327  (3) 

Fan  Alley,  London,  373 

fancy,  love,  397  (2) 

faring  (fairing),  294  (5) 

farthing,  tax  of  a,  on  ale  and  beer, 
209,  21 1  (6) 

fasting,  Parnel’s  fatal  attempt  at, 
402  f. 

fasts,  miraculous,  361 

fatal  knife,  the  shears  of  the  Fates 
{death),  93  (10) 

Faustus,  Dr.  John,  73, 372, 376  (12) 
fear , frighten,  319  (8),  334  (13) 
fee,  gold  and,  412  (9) 
feese  (fees),  209  (1) 

Ferley,  Thomas,  106 

Ferrony,  Robert,  106 

fet ,  fetched,  carried  off ,  36 4  (8) 

fig,  to  reward  one  with  a,  kill  with  a 
poisoned  fig ,  152  (5) 

Finch,  Sir  John,  81  n.,  125 
find,  provide  for ,  99  (1 1) 


“Finis,  Mr.,”  24,  27 
finish  up  the  strife,  end  the  matter , 
436  (6) 

fire  and  water,  to  go  through,  3 1 9  (7) 

Firth,  Professor  Sir  Charles  Flard- 
ing,  25,  28,  83,  89,  100,  167 

Fisherton  Anger,  Wiltshire,  a  witch 
in,  329 

Fisk,  Nicholas,  37 
fit,  song, ,  ballad ,  159  (17) 

fleet,  loyalty  of  the,  to  Charles  II, 
ballads  on,  273,  285 

Fletcher,  John,  14,  64 
fleurish  (flourish),  317  (2) 
flies,  an  ocean  of,  in  Cornwall,  31 
flinch,  460  (4) 
flout,  gibe,  scoff,  334  (n) 
fond , foolish,  96 

fool  saith  there  is  no  God,  i.e.,  in 
Psalms,  xiv.i,  279  (3) 

foolhardiness,  93  (13) 

foot,  to  keep  on,  209  (1) 

for  all,  notwithstanding,  181  (3) 

for  why,  because,  91  (4),  176  (4),  202 

(2),  311  (3)j  313  (8)>  369  (7) 

Forbes,  John,  361 

force,  strength,  327  (3);  by,  perforce, 
340  (5);  on  (perhaps  a  misprint 
for  of),  perforce ,  474  (5) 

Forde,  Thomas,  208 
Fordringham,  Alexander,  106 

forecast,  prescribe,  entail  in  advance, 
80  (9) 

formoiling,  toiling  heavily,  181  (4) 
fort,. fig., for  virginity,  258  (3X398  (4) 
“Fortune,  Book  of.”  See  C.20.  f.  14 
Fortune’s  wheel,  244  (2),  317  (2) 
forward ,  presumptuous,  274  (4) 

Four  Bills  and  Charles  I,  ballad  on, 
188 


512 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


Fowey,  Cornwall,  153  n. 

Fox,  George,  402 
fraction,  quarrel ,  84  (2) 

frame,  put  into  proper  order ,  86  (8) ; 
out  of,  not  in  a  healthy  condition , 
407  (19) 

France,  209  (2),  343  (3).  See  Louis 

XIII 

Frederick,  Prince  Palatine,  152  (4) 

Frederick  III,  Emperor  of  the  Holy 
Roman  Empire,  108  n. 

Frederick  III,  King  of  Denmark, 

311  (2) 

free,  eager ,  ready ,  85  (4),  102  (1); 
eagerly,  263  (13) 

Freeburg,  V.  O.,  256 

French,  the,  help  massacre  the  Pro¬ 
testants  in  Savoy,  386;  King  of, 
Louis  XIII,  86  (8) 

Friday’s  breakfast,  a,  ?no  breakfast 
at  all  ( since  Friday  is  a  fast-day ), 
or  does  it  refer  merely  to  the  unluck¬ 
iness  of  Friday ,  103  (6) 

frocks,  white,  Charles  I’s  execution¬ 
ers  in,  490 
fruition,  474  (5) 

fry,  contemptuous  term  for  people , 
152  (6);  to,  bum ,  370  (12) 

fuddle,  drink  to  excess ,  1 16  (10),  362 
(tune),  464  (12) 

Fuller,  Thomas,  179,  195 

Furnivall,  Frederick  James,  179, 
265,  444 

Gadbury,  John,  232 
gallant,  fine,  splendid ,  226  (4) 
gallantly,  splendidly ,  461  (6) 
gangrene,  306  (1 1) 

Gardiner,  Samuel  Rawson,  9  n.,  95, 
1 33>  T5°>  l6°,  188  f.,  207,284,320 
Garnet,  Steven,  5 


gate  (gait),  170  (10) 

gay ,fine,  beautiful ,  293  (4),  412  (10) 

Gay  Collection  of  pamphlets,  Har¬ 
vard  University  Library,  150  n., 
227 

geere  (gear ),  property,  103  (3) 
general,  in,  without  exception,  114(1) 
Germany,  108 

Gibs,  a  criminal,  executed,  380 
Glisson,  Francis,  402 
glistering,  shining ,  429  (5) 
glooming,  255  (6) 
glose  (gloze),  deceive ,  240  (3) 
Gloucester  (‘Gloster’),  297  (1 1),  435 

(3),  454  (3) 

God  wot,  1 80  (2) 

golden  client,  sunflower  ( Clytie ), 

400  (9) 

GgW  and  Frue  Christmas  Carols , 

326 

Good  Women  s  Cries  Against  the  Ex¬ 
cise ,  Titf,  207 

goodfellow,  agreeable  companion , 
usually  a  tippler ,  210  (4),  21 1  (7), 
213  (10),  464  (12) 

Goodman,  Bishop  Geoffrey,  133 

good-nights,  specimens  of,  1 19, 132, 
227,  232 

Goring,  George,  Earl  of  Norwich, 
157  n.;  ballad  on,  241 

gossips ,  friends,  115  (6) 

Gossips'  Feast,  Fhe,  20 
got,  begot,  453  (1) 

grace,  dignity  (of  a  title),  294  (6); 
God’s,  to  fall  from,  1 55  (3) 

grac’t  (graced), favored,  120  (2) 
graft,  grafted,  253  (2) 

Graham,  James,  Marquis  of  Mont¬ 
rose,  274,  275  n. 

grandees,  noblemen,  219  (26) 


513 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


grannam,  grandmother,  1 1 6  (9) 
grat  (great),  108  (2) 

Greene,  Robert,  256 
Greenwich,  a  murder  near,  383  (15) 
greet,  weep  for ,  481  (9) 

Grismond,  William,  51 
groat ,fourpenny  coin>  21 1  (5),  462 
(7))  4^3  (11) 

Grub-street  journalists,  43,  55 
grutch,  grudge ,  envy ,  210  (3) 
guilt,  gilded.,  82  (13) 

gunpowder,  explosion  of,  in  London, 
51;  Plot,  66,  151  (1) 

Guy  of  Warwick,  73 
Guy,  Robert,  15 
gyves ^  fetters^  142  (14) 

H.,  I.,  balladist,  56 

Hackluyt,  John,  pamphleteer,  32  IT. 

Hakewill,  George,  477 

Hales,  J.  W.,  179,  444 

Hall,  Bishop  Joseph,  133,  135  n. 

Halliwell-Phillipps,  James  Orchard, 
5,  19  n. 

Hamilton,  James,  Duke  of  Hamil¬ 
ton,  Earl  of  Cambridge,  82  n.;  ex¬ 
ecuted,  ballad  on,  241 

Hammond,  Charles,  63;  ballad  by, 
265 

Hammond,  John,  25,  45,  195,  396. 
See  printers  of  ballads,  works  by 

Hampshire  honey,  sweet  as,  457  (10) 
hand,  out  of,  immediately ,  123  (10), 
3 '3  (7) 

handkercher,  handkerchief ,  425  (9) 

hanging  of  Mrs.  Bodenham,  329; 
of  Richard  Whitfield,  380;  in 
chains,  a  murderer’s  body,  380 

Harleian  Miscellany ,  107,  150,  160, 
208,  214,  361 


Harret,  George,  106 

Harris,  John,  14 

Harrison,  John,  39 

Harrison,  Lieutenant-General 
Thomas,  55 

Haselrig,  Sir  Arthur,  488  n. 
Hastings,  Sussex,  171,  173 
Hay,  Lucy,  Countess  of  Carlisle, 
157  n* 

Hazlitt,  William  Carew,  19  n.,  89, 
144,  326 

he  (noun),  man,  90  (1) 

Head,  Richard,  298 
head-tyero  (head-tire),  416  (5) 
headed,  beheaded ,  216  (5) 

hearts,  the  Prince  of,  Charles  If 
310  (2) 

Heath,  Sir  Robert,  157  n. 

Hector,  93  (1 1) 

hedged,  made  hedges ,  225  (1) 

Hedgerow,  Cheshire,  477 

hees,  123  n. 

heigh  (hey!),  94  (14) 

Helen  of  Troy,  429  (5) 

Hench,  John,  106 

Henrietta,  Princess,  188 

Henrietta  Maria,  Queen,  attacked, 
150;  her  brother,  Louis  XIII,  191 
(3);  lament  of,  for  the  execution 
of  Charles  I,  a  ballad,  47,  236; 
mentioned  in  ballads,  66,  124, 
188,  249  (2),  318  (6),  364  (9) 

Henry,  Prince,  Duke  of  Gloucester, 

188 

Henry  VII,  King,  483 

Henry  VIII,  King,  483 

Henry  Frederick,  Prince  of  Wales, 
60 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


Herbert,  Philip,  Earl  of  Pembroke 
and  Montgomery,  81  n.,  156  n.; 
ballad  satirizing,  304 

Herbert,  Thomas,  16  ff.,  21;  elegy 
on  Strafford,  1 19 

here  (hear),  280  (7) 
hermaphrodite,  67 
Hero  and  Leander,  349  (5) 

Herod,  161  (1) 
heroys  (heroes),  253  (3) 

Herrick,  Robert,  95 
Hesilrige.  See  Haselrig 
het,  heated ,  210  (5) 

Hewson,  Colonel  John,  29 
Heywood,  Thomas,  19  n.,  145,  256, 
451 

Highgate,  London,  468  (6) 
highway  robbers,  execution  of  two, 
ballad  on,  380 
Hill,  Aaron,  256 
Hill,  John,  106 
Hilton,  John,  73 

Hind,  the,  a  Cambridge  inn,  463  (10) 

Hindley,  Charles,  478 

His  Majesty's  Speech  on  the  Scaffold, 
227 

hoat  (hot),  280  (6) 
hogsheads,  252  ff.,  328  (5) 
hoisesing  (hoisting),  254  (4) 
hold  play ,  fight,  93  (11) 

Holland,  linen,  322  (4),  416  (4) 
Holland,  Earl  of.  See  Rich 

Holland,  excise  begun  in,  208 ;  treaty 
of,  with  England,  341.  See  Amster¬ 
dam,  Dutch,  Rotterdam 

honest,  virtuous ,  202,  203  (3),  205 
(12),  206  (13),  267  (2,  4),  445  ff., 
etc. 

honesty,  chastity ,  258(3) 


honey,  a  term  of  endearment,  41 1  (5) ; 

Hampshire,  457  (10) 
hopeful,  that  which  excites  hope,  78 
(!),  8l  (12),  98  (7) 

Hopper,  Cornet,  106 
Hopton,  Ralph,  Lord,  158  n. 

horns,  an  emblem  of  cuckoldry ,  205 
(1 2) ;  to  advance  one’s,  make  cuck¬ 
old,  1 51  (3) 
horse  of  state,  82  (14) 
hospitality,  the  decay  of,  160 

hot,  eager,  zealous,  84  (1);  impetu¬ 
ously,  91  (4) 

hot  shots,  hot-headed  fellows,  90  (2) 
Hough,  Margaret,  477 
Hough,  Thomas,  477 

Howard,  Thomas,  Earl  of  Arundel 
and  Surrey,  81  n.,  158  n. 

Hoyle,  Alderman,  hangs  himself, 
304;  kills  a  minstrel,  50 

Hugh  Peters's  Passing-Bell,  484 

humorist,  one  easily  moved  by  fancy 
or  caprice,  359  (1 12) 

Husband,  Thomas,  106 
hye  (hie),  hasten,  343  (3) 

Hymen,  475  (8) 

I  (aye),  226  (4) 

J.,  T.,  ballad  by,  458 

lack,  a  saucy  fellow,  87  (13) ; general 
namef  or  a  servant,  323  (8);  lament 
of,  for  Charles  II,  362;  to  play 
the,  act  like  a  jackass,  299  (2) 
Jack  Tell-Troth,  162  (6)  ' 

James  I,  King,  483;  ballad  attrib¬ 
uted  to,  60;  satire  on,  1 50 
James  II,  188,  274 
j  ars,  quarrels ,  wars,  1 70  (9) ,  246  (17), 
343 

Jaxon,  William,  Bishop  of  London, 
81  n. 

Ibrahim,  Sultan,  107 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Jeaffreson,  John  Cordy,  23  n.,  50  n., 

53  n->  57  n->  65  n*>  373 

jealous, fearful,  398  (4) 

Jenkinson,  Wilberforce,  251 

Jennings,  Theodore,  13, 40, 47,  227, 
241 

Jermyn,  Henry,  125 

jest,  story ,  tale,  260  (6),  263  (12  f.), 
266  (1),  268  (5),  272  (12),  297  (1 1), 

459  M 

Jesuits,  130  (10),  131,  153  (8) 

Jew,  141  (9),  239  (3),  307  (18), 

346  (8) 

jig,  a  lively  dance ,  488  (7) 
import,  concerns ,  8  5  (4) 

Inchiquin,  Lord.  See  O’Brien 
Independents'  Loyalty ,  Fhe,  46 
Indian,  the,  157  (11)  n. 

infected,  perverted  (of  religious  be- 
liejs),  175  (2) 
ins,  in  ( hi)s ,  13 1  (11) 
install,  gm?  <2  /<?,  253  (3) 

instantly,  immediately,  430  (7) 
instate,  place,  190  (2) 
interessed,  interested,  concerned,  87 

(13) 

introth  (in  troth),  truly,  116  (9) 
inventions,  plans,  schemes,  86  (8) 
Jocky,  scornful  term  for  Scotchmen , 

8  5  (3>6),  97  (3)>  io4  (9)>  J53  (7) 

John  and  Bess,  a  ballad,  409 

Jonathan  and  David,  92  (8) 

Jones,  Michael,  Parliament’s  lieu¬ 
tenant-general  in  Ireland,  284,288 

Jones,  Thomas,  balladist,  20, 458 
Jonson,  Ben,  17 
Jordan,  River,  176  (3) 

Jordan,  Thomas,  14,  348,  458 
Josselin,  Ralph,  403,  478 


jovall  (jovial),  209  (1) 

Jove,  252  (2),  285  (1),  350  (6),  395 
(13).  See  Jupiter 

Joy,  Thomas,  balladist,  20,  62,  458 

ioyncture  (jointure),  estate  settled  be¬ 
fore  marriage  on  the  wife,  1 57  (9) 
Ipswich,  two  servants  scalded  to 
death  at,  366 

Ireland,  Lord  Inchiquin’s  victories 
in,  ballads  on,  284,  288 
Ireton,  Henry,  222  (2),  288 

Irish,  the,  87  (12),  217  (10),  249  (4), 
386 

I’se  (‘ice’),  dialectic  for  I  shall, 

294  (5) 

Islington,  Co.  Middlesex,  300  (5), 
468  (5) 

itching  ears,  146  (3) 

ith,  in  the ,  87  (13),  97  (5),  98  (9), 
176  (3),  etc. 

it’s  (its),  431  (7) 

Judas,  281  (11),  448  (6) 

Judgment  Day  predicted,  199  (n), 
220  (27) 

Juncto  (junto),  a  term  for  the  Crom- 
well-Fairfax  group ,  290  (9) 
Jupiter,  252  (2),  285  (1).  See  Jove 

Justice  Long  (cf.  Modern  Philology, 
XVI,  125),  9 

justly,  by  right,  90  (1) 

Kemp,  Jeremy,  371 
Kent,  murder  and  robbery  in,  ballad 
on, 380 

Kentish  Fair,  Fhe,  40 
Kentish  Town,  London,  487  (3) 
ketch,  catch,  185  (4) 

Kilkenny,  Leinster,  Ireland,  289  (3) 

kind,  loving,  116  (8),  356  (11,  28); 
by,  with  things  of  the  same  kind , 
269  (7),  303  (16),  456  (8) 


GLOSS ARIAL  INDEX 


kine,  cattle ,  102  (3) 

Kingdom  s  W eekly  Intelligencer , 
fhe,  22 

Kirkman,  Francis,  298 
kissing,  delights  of,  ballads  on,  391, 
451 

Knack  to  Know  a  Knave ,  A ,  256 
Knaves  Are  No  Honest  Men ,  29 
knighthood,  i.e .,  the  custom  of  forc¬ 
ing  those  who  had  £40  a  year  to  re¬ 
ceive  knighthood  or  be  fined ,  revived 
by  Charles  I  in  January ,  /djo, 

140  (3) 

lackey-boy,  118  (15) 

lade  down  (laid  down),  embroidered 
( with  lace ),  294  (5) 

lady-day,  March  25 ,  216  (8) 

Lady  Pecunia  and  Hell,  354 
Ladies ’  Dictionary ,  Vhe,  451 
Lam  (Lamb),  an  anabaptist,  171 
Lamb,  the,  Charles  I  and  Charles  If 
47  8 

Lamb's  Defence  against  Lies ,  Vhe, 

403 

Lamb,  Dr.  John,  329  f. 

Lambert,  ? Lambeth,  278 
Lambert,  Major-General  John,  55 

Lambeth,  Southwark,  an  atheist  in, 
ballad  on,  277 

Lancaster  rose,  i.e.,  the  red  rose  of 
the  Royal  House  of  Lancaster,  223 

(4) 

Lanfiere,  Thomas,  balladist,  63 
large,  -plenty,  181  (4) 

Latham,  Simon,  37 

Laud,  William,  Archbishop  of  Can¬ 
terbury,  18  f.,  23,  81  n.,  134  (2), 
137  n.,  ?i 53  (9),  157  n.;  examines 
Martin  Parker,  10;  satires  on,  10, 
132 


Laughing  Mercury ,  Vhe,  43  n.,  58  ff. 
See  Crouch,  John 

Lawrd  (Lord),  290  (10) 

Layton,  John,  106 

leads,  plates  of  lead  covering  a  roof, 
407  (21) 

Leander  and  Hero,  351  (13) 
least  (lest),  1 16  (7),  169  (7),  333  (9), 
445 

lector,  lectern,  the  reading-desk  of  a 
church,  287  (5) 

legion  of  angels,  82  (15);  of  devils, 

3° 7  (J7) 

Leirmouth,  Lieutenant  John,  106 

Leisley,  Robert,  106 

Lemon,  Robert,  133,  227 

Leslie,  Alexander,  Earl  of  Leven, 
Scottish  general,  8,  155  (2) 

L’Estrange,  Sir  Nicholas,  50 
L’Estrange,  Sir  Roger,  171  n. 
level,  purpose,  design,  85  (6) 

Levi  and  Simeon,  141  (10) 
Levingston,  Allen,  106 
Lex  Valionis,  184 
libels,  57,  65 

licensers,  ballads  allowed  by,  46,  57, 
64  ;  petition  to  do  away  with,  in 
1649. 45;  regulations  for,  I2f.,52, 
54;  signatures  of,  to  ballads,  200, 
227,  231,241 

liege  people,  122  (7) 

like,  likely,  313  (9) 

like  of,  love,  438  (12) 

Lilburne,  Lieutenant-Colonel  John, 
222  (2) 

Lilly,  William,  53,  214,  290  (8) 

Linkorn  (Lincoln),  482  (11) 

Littleton,  Edward,  Lord  Keeper  of 
the  Privy  Seal,  156  n. 


517 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


lobcock,  a  country  bumpkin ,  a  clown , 

415  (2) 

Lockier,  Lionel,  ballad  by,  320 

London,  the  state  of,  in  1642,  des¬ 
cribed,  144;  tradesmen  of,  their 
complaint,  180 

London  Road,  Pontefract,  272  (12) 
long  lives,  examples  of,  477 

Long,  Justice  (see  Modern  Philol¬ 
ogy  ,  XVI,  125),  9 

Longfellow,  Henry  Wadsworth,  256 

Lookes,  John,  5,11,  20,  39  f.;  ballad 
by,  125;  facts  about,  126 

loose  (lose),  142  (14),  213  (10),  275 

(5)» 333  (8) 

Louis  XIII,  King  of  France,  86  (8), 

191  (3) 

lovely,  enticing ,  252  (1) 

lowance,  ? portion  of  food  allowed  by 
the  rules  of  warfare ,  102  (2) 

Loyal  Garland ,  Phe,  348 
luke  (look),  99  (10) 
lurch,  cheat ,  swindle ,  282  (15) 
lurdain  (lurdan,  lurden),  blockhead , 
dolt ,  170  (9) 

lure,  a  decoy  used  in  falconry ,  374  (3) 

lusty,  bulky ,  252  ff. ;  pleasant, 

140  (1);  lively ,  vigorous ,  381  (4), 
4°9>  413  (12)>42i 
Luttrell  Collection,  4,  53  n.,  144; 
ballad  from,  139 

lye  by,  (&*V/)  £7,  259  (5) 

Mabbott,  Gilbert,  13,  28, 45,  54,  64, 
160,  195,  341 

Macclesfield,  Cheshire,  478 
mach  (match),  marry,  302  (11)5431 

(8,  9) 

‘MachiavillianSjVAayj/d’j  ofMachi- 
avelli ,  96 

Mackay,  Charles,  3 


Mackmouth,  Hector,  106 

Macquire,  John,  34  n. 

Maidstone,  Kent,  a  robber  pressed 
to  death  at,  380 

main,  the  ocean  {or  is  it  the  air?),  363 

(5) 

male  content  (malcontent),  359 
(112) 

‘malt’s  come  down,’  a  tune,  212  (8) 

Malta,  Knights  of,  111  (13) 

maltman  deceived  by  a  chaste  wife, 
266 

Man  in  the  Moon ,  Phe ,  49,  51,58#. 
See  Crouch,  John 

Man,  Nath.,  a  tapwoman,  484  n. 

Manchester  ballad-collection  des¬ 
cribed,  5  f.;  referred  to,  7  n.,  22, 

24  n.,  25,  3^  45  *  26,  J44> 

433;  ballads  from,  reprinted,  95, 
107,  113,  125,  171,  179,  188,  195, 
201,  207,  214,  224,  232,  236,  241, 
247,  251,  256,  265,  273,  277,  284, 
29L298,  309,  329,  379,396 

Manchester,  Earl  of.  See  Montagu 

many.  See  a  many 

Margery  Marprelate,  101.  See  Vox 
Borealis 

M arlborough,  ballad-singer  whipped 
at,  55 

marry  (Mary!),  226  (4) 

Mars,  254  (4),  285  (2) 
martialist,  soldier ,  91  (5) 

Martin,  Ann,  drowned  by  Samuel 
Oates,  172  f. 

Mary,  Princess  Royal  of  England, 
Princess  of  Orange,  154,  188 

Mary  I,  Queen  of  England,  481  (7), 

483 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  101 
Mary  gold  (marigold),  400  (9) 


5i8 


GLOSS ARIAL  INDEX 


masking,  masquerading  or  ( more 
■probably)  court-masques ,  255  (5) 

Mason,  William,  256 

massacre  of  the  Protestants  in 
Savoy,  ballad  on,  385 

Massinger,  Philip,  64 
masty  dogs,  mastiffs,  158  (14) 

Maurice,  Prince,  son  of  Frederick, 
Elector  Palatine,  and  Elizabeth, 
James  Ps  daughter,  25 
Mayeres,  Randolph,  145 
me  (my),  463  (10) 
meash-tun  (mash-tun),  two  people 
scalded  to  death  in  a,  367, 368  (4) 

meat,  food,  359  (99X407  (17X442  (8) 
meddle,  dally  amorously,  295  (7) 
Meg,  Mumping,  and  Willy,  299 
Melpomene,  238  (1) 

Mennis,  Sir  John,  14,  65 
Mercuries  Message,  10,  17 
Mercuries  Message  Defended,  1 8 
Mercurius  Anti-Mercurius ,  39 
Mercurius  Aulicus ,  22 
Mercurius  Britanicus  Alive  Again, 
68 

Mercurius  Britannicus,  22, 44  n., 
145 

Mercurius  Censorious,  44  n. 
Mercurius  Civicus,  22  f. 

Mercurius  Democritus,  42,  55,  58  IT., 
373;  ballads  reprinted  from,  325, 
326,  339.  See  Crouch,  John 

Mercurius  Democritus  His  Last 
Will,  44  n. 

Mercurius  Dogmaticus,  39 

Mercurius  Elencticus,  30,  33  n.,  38, 
41  f.,  44  n.,  48  n.,  50  n.,  71 
Mercurius  Fidelicus ,  43  n. 

Mercurius  Fumigosus,  58  ff.,  65, 372 
f.;  ballads  from,  348,  352.  See 
Crouch, John 


Mercurius  Impartialis,  15 
Mercurius  Mastix,  43  n.,  44  n. 
Mercurius  Melancholicus,  17,  32  ff. 
Mercurius  Militaris,  14,  32 
Mercurius  Morbicus,  34 
Mercurius  Politicus,  63 
Mercurius  Pragmaticus,  32  ff.,  45, 

5  3,  i26>  221 

Mercurius  Pragmaticus  ( for  King 
Charls  II),  33  n.,  49  f. 

Merlinus  Anonymus,  56,  145 
Merry  Drollery,  51  n.,  69  f.,  348, 485 
messengers  of  state,  226  (4) 
Mildmay,  Sir  Elenry,  307  n.,  488  n. 
Milton,  John,  44,  135  n.,  385 
Milverne,  John,  106 
mind,  to  her,  to  her  liking,  259  (5) 
miniver, fur,  79  (6) 

minstrels,  Act  against,  70;  one  of 
them  murdered  in  Yorkshire,  50; 
whipped  in  Yorkshire,  55 

Mirabilis  Annus,  484 
Mirror  for  Magistrates ,  A,  242 
miscarriage,  bad  actions,  244  (6) 
miscarries,  troubles,  234  (4) 
misen  (mizzenmast),  394  (11) 
miss ,fail,  292  (1) 

Moderate  Intelligencer,  Phe,  167 
moiling,  toiling ,  364  (8) 
mom  bene,  ?be  mum  {silent),  483 
moneth  (month),  123  (10) 

Monk  (Monck),  General  George, 
Duke  of  Albemarle,  73,  171 

monopolies,  140  (3) 

Montagu,  Henry,  Earl  of  Manches¬ 
ter,  81  n. 

Montgomery,  Hugh,  Viscount  of 
Ards,  288 

Montrose,  Marquis  of.  See  Graham 


5J9 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Moorfields,  two  people  scalded  to 
death  at,  366;  murderer  hanged 
at,  7 

more  bolder,  293  (3) 

Morgan,  Bishop  Owen,  133 
Morton,  Bishop  Thomas,  133 
motion,  proposal)  161  (3),  269  (7) 
‘motto’  on  a  ballad,  236,  238 
Mount,  the,  a  hill  and  castle-fort  in 
Drogheda ,  289  (5) 

Mournful  Cries  of  Many  Poor 
tradesmen ,  179 

mouse-trap,  a,  and  Peters  the  post, 
201 

movers,  originators ,  191  (4) 
moyling,  toiling ,  364  (8) 

muck-worms,  -persons  of  the  lowest 
origin  or  morally  degraded^  253  (2) 

Muddiman,  J.G.  (“J.B.  Williams”), 

J3>  33  n->  37  n*>  M  n.,  45  n->  4$  n., 
54  n.,  58  n.,  59  n.,  63  n.,  484 

mumpt  (mumped),  deceived ,  got  the 
better  of ,  299  ff. 

mungrell  (mongrel),  203  (3) 

Murad  IV,  Sultan,  107 
Musarum  Deliciaey  65 
Musarum  Oxoniensum ,  341 
muses,  the.  See  nine  muses 
musqueteers,  91  (3) 

Mussell,  Francis,  balladist,  1 1 

Nancy  and  Dick,  ballad  of,  415 
Naseby,  battle  of,  26,  160 
Naylor,  James,  69,  402 
near,  never  the,  to  be  unsuccessful , 
249  (5) 

neare  (ne’er),  122  (6) 

Nedham,  Marchamont,  63 

neighbourhood,  neighborly  conduct 
or  feeling)  87  (10) 


Neptune,  254  (4) 

Newburn,  Scots  defeat  the  English 
at,  ballad  on,  89,  95 

Newcastle  captured  by  the  Scots,  a 
ballad,  89 

Newgate  prison,  London,  54,  382 
(12) 

news-books.  See  pamphlets,  printers 
newspapers,  origin  of,  via  ballads,  43 
Nicholas,  Sir  Edward,  241 
nine  muses,  the,  78  (1),  238  (1) 

noble,  a  coin  worth  six  shillings  and 
eightpencey  182  (6),  417  (8) 

nor,  than)  292  ff. 

Norris,  Abigail,  366 

Northfolk,  Sergeant,  captures  Hugh 
Peters,  484 

nothing,  not  at  all)  397  (2) 
Northumberland,  Earl  of.  See  Percy 
Norwich,  173;  Earl  of,  see  Goring 
Notestein,  Wallace,  330 
Now  or  Never ,  62  n. 

Oates,  Samuel,  171  ff. 

Oates,  Titus,  1 71 

Oblivion,  Act  of,  in  Scotland,  313 

(8) 

O’Brien,  Murrough,  Earl  of  Inchi- 
quin,  defeats  Parliament’s, army 
in  Ireland,  ballads  on,  46,  284, 288 
of  (off),  176  (3),  252  (1),  267  (2) 
Ogley,  Sergeant  James,  106 
oil  of  barley,  beery  461  (6) 

Old  Street,  London,  371 
Oldisworth,  Michael,  304 
Olympus,  285  (1  f.) 
on  (one),  303  (15),  432  (9) 
ons,  of  his y  306  (13) 

or  (o’er),  255  (6) 
orderly,  in  order,  105  (13) 


5  20 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


ordnance,  148  (10) 

Ormerod,  George,  477 
Ormonde,  Marquess  of.  See  Butler 

Osbaldeston,  Lambert,  Master  of 
Westminster  School.  He  was  tried 
in  the  Star  Chamber  in  1639  f°r 
libeling  Laud  and  was  sentenced 
to  a  fine  of  £10,000  and  to  the  loss 
of  his  ears.  He  evaded  the  latter 
part  of  his  sentence,  and  he  was 
afterwards  pardoned  by  the  Long 
Parliament,  154 

otlC,  on  the ,  9 2  (7),  123  (12),  etc.;  of 
the ,  92  (8),  93  (n) 

out  of  hand,  immediately ,  123  (10), 

313  (7) 

outdaring,  87  (11) 
overloving,  356  (28) 
overmatched,  outdone ,  overcome ,  440 
Owen,  Bishop  John,  133 
Owen,  Sir  John,  ballad  on,  241 
Oxford,  loyal  ballads  printed  at, 

23>  73 

Oxford  Drollery ,  348 
oyster-wench,  300  (6) 
oyster-woman,  360  (1 17) 

P.,  T.,  ballad  by,  28 
pace,  space  of  time ,  453  (2) 
packing,  hastening  away>  363  (3) 
paint,  beautify ,  322  (3) 
pamphlets,  Civil-War,  amnesty 
granted  to,  54;  balladists  write, 
31  ff.;  history  of,  from  1647  to 
1651,  32  ff.;  licensed,  21  f.,  53; 
medium  for  publishing  ballads, 
58  ff.;  numbers  printed  and  prices 
of,  44;  origin  of,  explained,  21; 
printing  of,  laws  against,  26,  36, 
49,  63;  satirized,  43;  sensational 
subject-matter  of,  55;  written  by 
actors,  14 


Paphos’  Queen,  Venus ,  286  (2) 

papists,  142  (n,  12),  185  (3),  386, 
480  (6) 

Parker,  Martin,  7,  9,  14,  24,  27,  37, 
251,  273,  385;  an  ale-house-keep¬ 
er, 10;  allusions  to,  67, 126;  ballads 
by,  referred  to,  20,  23,  107,  160; 
ballads  by,  reprinted,  77,  83,  89, 
95,  100;  ballads  of,  against  the 
Scots,  7  ff.;  “the  Bishops’  poet,” 
16;  devotion  of,  to  Charles  I,  8, 
77,  83,  89;  edits  Mercurius  Mel- 
ancholicus ,  34;  examined  by  the 
Court  of  High  Commission  for 
libelous  ballads,  10;  his  bride  and, 
sent  to  Newgate,  34;  hostility  of, 
to  the  Scots,  7  ff.,  83;  Parliament 
urged  to  suppress  his  ballads,  15 
f.;  a  Royalist  pamphleteer,  32  ff.; 
satires  on,  17 

Parliament,  the  Long,  achievements 
of,  ballad  on,  139;  ballads  attack¬ 
ing,  28, 1 84, 224, 285, 336;  ballad- 
books  suppressed  by,  66  f.;  the 
Bishops’  Protest  and,  133;  excise- 
law  of,  attacked,  207;  dissolution 
of,  in  1653,  ballads  on,  56;  Four 
Bills  of,  and  Charles  I,  ballad  on, 
188;  pamphlets  licensed  by,  21  f.; 
praised  in  ballads,  23,  139;  print¬ 
ing,  laws  against,  26,  36  ff.,  54  ff., 
63;  Saltmarsh’s  advice  to,  195; 
Second  Civil  War  and,  ballad  on, 
241;  tradesmen  hostile  to,  J79; 
Treason  Act  of  1649  passed  by, 
42;  urged  to  suppress  ballads,  1 1, 
156  See  Army,  ballads,  Charles  I, 
Cromwell,  pamphlets,  printing 

Parliament,  the  Scottish,  articles  of, 
with  Charles  II,  ballad  on,  309 

Parliament,  the  Short,  opening  of, 
described,  77 

Parliament  Kite ,  Phe>  71 

Parliament  Porter,  Phe,  41 


521 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Parliament  Scout ,  Fhe,  22,  55 
Parnassus  Biceps ,  66 
Parnel,  James,  ballad  on,  402 
Parr,  Thomas,  477 
Partridge,  John,  37 

pash,  ?to  eat  violently  or  voraciously , 
17°  (8) 

pass  one’s  word,  go  on  a  bond,  1 17 

(14) 

patent,  Symcocke’s,  on  broadside 
printing,  12 

patentees,  the  holders  of  monopolies 
or  patents,  209  (1),  245  (13) 

Paulet,  John,  80  n. 

Paxton,  Alexander,  106 
peacocks,  ?  vainglorious  ancestors , 
449  (IO) 

Pecunia,  Lady,  354 
Peele,  George,  64 
pell-mell,  104  (10) 

Pembroke,  Earl  of.  See  Herbert 
Pennington,  Alderman  Sir  Isaac,  1 5 
pention  (pension),  212  (9) 

Pepys,  Samuel,  ballad-collection  of, 

5>  47>  39L433*  45L4&5 

Percy  Folio  Manuscript ,  179,  444 

Percy,  Algernon,  Earl  of  Northum¬ 
berland,  83 

Percy,  Henry,  125 
perdie  (pardy),  165  (6) 

Perfect  Account  of  the  Daily  Intelli¬ 
gence,  A,  372, 385 

Perfect  Diurnal,  A,  43  n. 

Perfect  Occurrences,  42 

Perfect  Proceedings  of  State  Affairs, 

385 

period,  end,  170  (9) 

perplex,  harass,  torment,  281  (8), 

334  (13) 

Peter  House,  a  London  prison,  39 


Peters,  a  Rotterdam  postman, 
caught  in  a  mouse-trap,  201 

Peters,  Hugh,  288;  ballad  on,  484 
Petre,  Lord  William,  39 
Pharisee,  278 

Philip  IV,  King  of  Spain,  31 1  (2) 
Phoenix  Britannicus,  8  n.,  14  n.,  89 
Pierce,  Bishop  William,  133 
pigmies,  73 

Pills  to  Purge  Melancholy .  See 
D’Urfey 

Pillulae  Radii s  Solis  Extractae,  320 
pin,  to  weigh  it  not  a,  esteem  slightly, 
259  (5) 

pind  (pinned),  481  (7) 
pin’d  (pined),  punished,  141  (10) 
pinies  (pinnace),  448  n. 
pit,  grave,  231  (12) 

planets,  the  seven  noble,  i.e.,  Jupi¬ 
ter, Mars,  V enus, Mercury , Saturn, 
Neptune ,  Uranus,  285  (1) 

play,  scheme ,  plot,  268  (5);  to  dally 
amorously,  270  (9),  297  (10) 

plays,  large  number  published,  64; 
suppression  of,  14,  31,  40,  53,  58, 
66 

Playford,  John,  51,  73,  414;  Fhe 
Dancing  Master ,  315 

pleasant ,  pleasing,  114,  257  (tune) 
plenteously,  453  (2) 

Pliny,  45 1 

plume,  Fa  prize  won  by  contest,  253 

0) 

Pluto,  336  (7),  441  (6);  and  Lady 
Pecunia,  355 

pockets,  loose  in  the,  151  (2) 

Poems  on  Affairs  of  State,  341 
poets,  none  in  Hell,  357  (48) 
Poland,  108 
Polanders,  the,  no  (7) 

77 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


Polonian,  Polish,  hi  (14) 

Pontefract  Castle,  capture  of,  in 
1649,  265 

Pope,  the  (Urban  VIII),  109  (4), 
132,  136  (8);  (Innocent  X),  159 
(17);  (Alexander  VII),  478;  the 
Popes,  157  (12) 

Popes  Proclamation ,  Phe,  16  f. 

Popery  attacked,  131  (12),  132, 146 
(2),  152(8),  163, 164(1),  185(1), 

312  (5)>385ff->396 
Porter,  Charles,  95 

Porter,  Endymion,  95 
Porter,  Robert,  51 
posting,  traveling  rapidly ,  204  (8) 
potent(ate),  239  (2) 
powdering-tub,  prison ,  9 
prate,  talk  idly ,  395  (12) 

predictions,  strange,  in  1647,  *95- 
See  prophecies  ’ 

presage,  predict,  215  (2) 

preseident  (president),  occupying 
chief  place,  337  (1) 

preserves,  conserves ,  323  (7) 

Press  Full  of  Pamphlets,  A, 'll 

pressing  to  death,  380 

Preston,  battle  of,  241 

prethee  (prithee),  294  (6),  339  (1), 
411  (6),  412  (1 1 ),  416  (3) 

Priam’s  ‘only  heir’,  ALneas ,  430  (7) 

Price,  Laurence,  5,  7,  1 1,  16,  20,  39, 
53>  62>  67, 145, 160, 391, 420;  bal¬ 
lads  by,  1 1 9,  372,  379,  402,  409, 

4H>  433 >  439 

Pride,  Colonel  Thomas,  29,  171 

Primrose  Hill,  London,  469  (6) 

Prince,  the,  i.e.,  Prince  Charles.  See 
Charles  II 

printers,  loyal,  courage  of,  48 


printers  of  ballads,  works  by,  here 
reprinted:  Andrews,  John,  390, 
395,  450,  470;  Burton,  Richard, 
124,  256,  264,  272,  319,  365,  432, 
464,  477,  483;  Clarke,  John,  360; 
Coles,  Francis,  347, 408, 443, 490; 
D.,  C.,  2835  E.,  A.,  314?  E.,  H., 
250;  F.,M.  (PMiles  Flesher),  118; 
Gilbertson,  William,  347,  408, 
413,  419,  490;  Griffin,  Edward, 
88,  94,  99,  100;  Grove,  Francis, 

183. 246, 303. 378»  384, 438, 476; 

Hammond,  John  (q.v.),  194,  200, 
206,  213,  297, 401 ;  Harper,  Rich¬ 
ard,  1 12, 1 18, 149;  Ibbitson,  Rob¬ 
ert,  231;  J.,  W.,  276;  Lambert, 
Thomas,  13 1 ;  S.,  T.,  255;  Vere, 
Thomas,  347,  371,  408,  425,  443, 
457)  49°;  Wright,  John,  347, 408, 
443;  Walkley,  Thomas,  77 
printers,  works  by,  referred  to: 
Andrews,  John,  64  n.;  Broad, 
Thomas,  477;  Brown,  James,  309; 
Burton,  Richard,  57  f.,  64 ;  Crouch, 
Edward,  Humphrey,  John  ( see 
entries  under  their  names ) ;  Eeles, 
Robert,  54;  Gosson,  Henry,  107; 
Grove,  Francis,  51  f.,  126,  227, 
402  n.,  403  n. ;  Gustavus,  Charles, 
72;  Herringman,  Henry,  65 ;  Hor¬ 
ton,  George,  62  n.,  65  n.;  Ibbit¬ 
son,  Robert,  195,  309,  396;  Lock, 
Robert,  65  n.;  Pollard,  Robert, 
66 ;Symcocke, Thomas,  i2;Trun- 
dle,  John, 372  ;Underhill, Thomas, 
139;  Vaughan,  Robert,  52 
printing,  laws  regulating,  in  1647- 
48,  36  ff.,  in  1649,  48,  in  1651-53, 
54,  56,  in  1656,  66  f.;  petition  for 
freedom  of,  in  1649,  45 
Priscian,  273 

prodictions,  misprint  f or  predic¬ 
tions,  196 

prodigal,  extravagant  spender,  261 

(9) 


523 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


prodigies,  31,  45,  67,  218  (18),  232, 

329>  36i>372>  477>  4^5 

promoters,  informers ,  226  (4) 

proper,  handsome ,  115  (5),  257  (2), 
412  (10);  special ,  one' 's  own ,  79  (5) 

properate,  hasten ,  170  (9) 
prophecies,  53,  195,  214,  477 
Protest  of  the  Bishops  in  1642, 
satire  on,  132 

pro v^,  put  to  trial ,  293  (3),  394 

(7),  397  (2)5427  (1  )\tum  out  to  be, 

43°  (6) 

proverbs:  All’snotgold  that’s  bright, 
430  (7) ;  canes  qui  multum  latrant 
raro  mordent,  1 69  (7) ;  care  kills  a 
cat,  1 16  (9);  every  man  isn’t  born 
to  be  drowned,  351  (13);  fair  nut, 
a,  may  prove  rotten,  430  (7); 
highest  climbers  have  the  great¬ 
est  fall,  122  (8),  481  (9);  if  he  is 
bound,  he  must  obey,  363  (4); 
kissing  goes  by  favor,  but  marri¬ 
age  and  hanging  go  by  destiny, 
453;  look  before  you  leap,  263  (13); 
marriage  and  hanging  go  by  des¬ 
tiny,  but  kissing  goes  by  favor, 
263  (13);  money,  too  much,  makes 
men  mad,  117  (n);  much  trust¬ 
ing  breeds  much  danger,  297  (10) ; 
oar,  to  have  an,  in  every  man’s 
boat,  14 1  (8);  pitcher,  the,  goes 
to  the  well  so  often  that  it  becomes 
broken,  103(4);  serpent,  the,  low¬ 
ers  in  the  fairest  flowers,  430 
(6);  sweet  meat  has  sour  sauce, 
104  (1 1);  ’tis  not  money  makes  a 
man  wise,  114;  true,  all  that  is 
spoken  isn’t, 430  (7) ;  when  Easter- 
day  sitteth  in  lady-day’s  lap, 
England  must  beware  of  a  clap, 
216  (8) 

provoking  meats,  aphrodisiacs ,  359 

(") 

Prynne,  William,  154 


Psalms,  the,  quoted,  146,  279  (3) 
Publick  Intelligencer ,  Ehe,  63 
Pudsey,  Faith,  100 
Pudsey,  Thomas,  100 
puling,  crying ,  childish ,  169  (5) 
Puttenham,  George,  273 
Pym,  John,  29,  207 

Quakers,  ballads  attacking,  69, 402; 
woodcuts  attacked  by,  68 

quality,  profession,  114  (1) 

Quarles,  John,  241 
Quarterman,  Marshal,  29 
quean,  harlot ,  wanton ,  359  (106), 
449  (I0) 

quit,  relieved  {of  a  siege),  289  (3) 
quittance,  receipt,  270  (9) 
quotidial,  quotidian,  daily,  102  (3) 

R.,  T.,  485;  ballad  by,  361.  See 
Robins 

Rainow  Township,  Cheshire,  478 

ramming,  driving  piles  into  the  earth, 
181  (3) 

Ramsay,  Colonel,  100 
Ramsey,  James,  106 
randevous  (rendezvous),  106 
range,  arrange,  79  (5) 
rank  and  file,  placed,  168  (2) 
rant,  riot,  be  noisily  jolly,  459  flf. 

Ranters,  an  English  Antinomian 
sect,  defended  by  Lockier,  320 

x2it,fig.for  an  old  lecherer,  202  ff. 
Ratcliff  (‘Ratliffe’),  372,  468  (4) 

rate,  chide,  1 65  (6) ;  at  dear,  at  a  high 
price,  165  (6);  of  an  easy,  of  loose 
morals,  170  (10) 

rattle-heads,  140  (1) 

Ravenscroft,  Edward,  256 

Rawlinson  ballad-collection,  5;  bal¬ 
lad  reprinted  from,  439 


524 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


rayes  (rays),  my  royal,  ?my  royal 
rank ,  228  (1) 

Raymond,  Thomas,  48 
readest  (readiest),  454  (4) 
ready,  ? already ,  1 80  (2) 
real,  regal,  royally  splendid ,  475  (7), 
476  (9) 

rear,  advance ,  165  (4);  raise  up ,  271 

(11) 

Rebells'  Warning-Riece,  The,  304 
receivers,  tax-collectors ,  215  (3),  218 
(18) 

regicide,  ballad  on  a,  484 
relapse,  backsliding  into  vice  or  evil , 
243 

relaxation,  release  from  imprison¬ 
ment ,  90 

relenting,  weakening  Jailing,  472  (3) 

reversion, fortune,  estate  {a  legal 
term),  115  (4) 

Reynolds,  John,  241,  361 

Rich,  Henry,  Earl  of  Holland,  exe¬ 
cuted,  ballad  on,  241 

Ridge,  William,  106 
rings  for  weddings,  use  of,  attacked, 
397 

rivolet  (rivulet),  81  (12) 
roar,  revel,  swagger,  155  (2),  460  (4) 
roaring,  swaggering,  448  (8),  459 
Robin,  Anniseed-water,  97 
Robin  Goodfellow,  73 
Robins,  Thomas,  balladist,  20,  62, 
36i>485 

Robinson,  Luke,  489  n. 

Roe,  George,  24 

Rollins,  Hyder  Edward,  34  n.,  42  n., 
53  n.,  361;  Old  English  Ballads, 
160;  A  Pepysian  Garland,  15  n., 
io7>  195, 33°.  36t 
Rome,  108  (1),  152  (8) 


rome  (room),  271  (11) 

room,  to  have  my,  dispense  with  my 
services,  168  (2) 

rore.  See  roar 

rosemary  for  weddings,  397 
rotten,  untrustworthy ,  363  (3) 

Rotterdam,  a  postman  of,  ballad 
on,  202 

Roundhead,  185  (3),  397  (2) 

Rous,  Francis,  126 
Rous,  John,  19  n. 

rowling  (rolling)  eye,  a  sign  of  wan¬ 
tonness,  258  (2) 

Roxburghe  Ballads,  The  (vols.  I-III, 
ed.  Chappell,  q.v.;  vols.  IV-IX, 
ed.  Ebsworth,  q.v.),  3,  5, 19  n.,  23 
n.,  25  n.,  51  n.,  60  n.,  61  n.,  73, 
107,  1 13,  126,  144,  160, 179,  221, 
232,  236,  265,  385,  391,414,  458 
royal  (perhaps  occasionally  a  mis¬ 
take  for  loyal),  generous,  munifi¬ 
cent,  253  (2),  258  (4),  308  (22) 

ruled,  to  be,  advised,  instructed,  204 
(7) 

Rump,  20,  29,  31  n.,  51  n.,  69 
Rump  Parliament,  73,  486  (1  f.) 

Rumper,  a  member  of  the  Rump 
Parliameyit ,  488  (7) 

Rupert,  Prince,  25,  1 50,  273,  285 
Rushworth,  John,  13,  16  n.,  36  n., 
37  n. 

Rymer,  Thomas,  256 
ryports  (reports),  287  (6) 

S.,  S.,  balladist,  56,  ^9.  See  Smithson 

Sackville,  Sir  Edward,  Earl  of  Dor¬ 
set,  1 57  n. 

sails,  to  strike  one’s,  surrender,  94 

(14) 

Saint  David  of  Wales,  137  (14) 
Saint  George  of  England,  85  (4) 


525 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Saint  Mary-le-Bow,  London,  251 

Saint  Paul’s  Cathedral,  356  (29  ff.), 
referring  to  the  alleged  plan  of 
the  Commonwealth  to  sell  it  to 
the  jews  for  a  synagogue 

Saints,  the  Elects  a  name  applied  to 
the  sectarians  by  themselves,  176 
(4),  197  (6),322ff. 

Salisbury,  Anne  Bodenham  exe¬ 
cuted  at,  329 
sallats  (salads),  359  (100) 
salluted,  influenced ,  affected ,  445  (1) 

Saltmarsh,  John,  ballad  on  and 
tracts  by,  45,  195 

Saltmarsh,  Mary,  195 

salutation,  greeting  {kissing), 

438  (12) 

salute,  greet  {kiss),  448  (6) 

Samson,  429  (5) 
savor,  scent,  431  (8) 

Savoy,  massacre  of  the  Protestants 
in,  ballad  on,  385 

scalding,  two  people  die  from,  366 
scape,  escape,  205  (12) 
schismatical,  440,  441  (6) 
schreeking  (shrieking),  229  (6) 

Scobell,  Henry,  341 
Scoggins  Jests,  17  n.,  64 

score,  to  ‘ chalk ’  one’s  charges  for 
drink,  to  sell  on  credit,  21 1  (7) 

score,  a  bill  of  charges  for  liquor ,  143 
(15),  269  (7),  462  (8),  463  (10); 
on  the,  in  debt,  268  (5) 

Scot,  Thomas,  488  n. 

Scots,  the,  ballads  against,  83,  89, 

95,  101,  the  government’s  atti¬ 
tude  towards,  7,  Parker  examined 
because  of  his,  9  f.;  Charles  II 
crowned  by,  in  1651,  ballad  on, 
309;  defeat  the  English  at  New- 
burn,  a  ballad,  89;  defeated  at 

526 


Stapleton,  a  ballad,  101;  enemies 
of  the  English  Church,  441  (5); 
praised,  140  (4);  fifteen  thousand, 
defeated  by  two  Welshmen,  a 
ballad,  89;  referred  to,  215  (3), 
217  (14),  218  (16,  20),  223  (6), 

2 39  (3)>3° 7  (l6) 

Scots’  Scout’s  Discoveries,  Phe,  8  n., 
14,  89 

Scott,  Sir  Walter,  304,  451 

Second  Civil  War  (1648),  ballad  on, 
241 

Second  Message  to  William  Laud,  A, 
18 

sectarians  attacked,  24  f.,  282  (14), 
312  (5).  See  Dissenters 

Selden,  John,  37 
send,  grant,  99  (12) 
sennet,  sennight ,  448  (8) 
sentence,  sayings,  109  (4) 
Separatists,  ballad  attacking,  175 

sequestrator,  a  trustee  in  control  of 
property  upon  which  creditors  have 
claims,  219  (23) 
seres,  266  n. 

set  by,  esteemed,  245  (10) 

Several  Proceedings  of  Parliament, 

57 

Several  Speeches  of  Duke  Hamilton , 
etc.,  241 

Shakespeare,  14,  256,  304 
Shaw,  George,  Sergeant-Major,  95 
shent,  ruined,  injured,  271  (1 1) 

Sheppard,  Samuel,  attitude  of,  to¬ 
wards  Parker  and  John  Taylor, 
17;  as  a  Royalist  pamphleteer,  32 
ff.;  as  a  licensed  pamphleteer,  53; 
ballads  possibly  by,  56;  PheW eep- 
ers,  61 

ship-money,  a  tax  imposed  by  Charles 
I  upon  sea-ports  and  trading-towns 
to  provide for  war-ships,  140  (3) 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


Shipton,  Mother,  478 
Shirley,  James,  361 

Shooter’s  Hill,  Kent,  robbery  and 
murder  at,  ballad  on,  380 

Shoreditch,  London,  two  people 
scalded  to  death  near,  367,  371 

Short  Parliament,  opening  of,  bal¬ 
lad  on,  77 

shred  pie,  mince-pie ,  162  (6) 
shroud,  hide^  216  (7) 

Simeon  and  Levi,  141  (10) 

‘Simon  Minced-pie,’  160 
simple, foolish,  359  (1 1 5) 
simply, foolishly,  333  (9) 

Simpson,  William,  106 

sisters,  the  sweet,  i.e .,  wanton  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  so-called  elects  205  (11) 
sith,  since y  189  (1) 
sixt,  sixth y  244  (8) 
skinker,  tapster ,  landlord  of  a  tavern , 

327  (4) 

Skinner,  Bishop  Robert,  133 
slabered  (slabbered),  417  (9) 
slender, feeble  y  weak ,  43 1  (9) 
Smallbeer,  Drawer,  67 
smarted,  suffered  pain ,  190  (3) 
Smith,  Dr.  James,  65 
Smith,  Richard,  a  murderer,  7 

Smith,  Lieutenant  Sir  Thomas, 

100,  102 

Smith,  Tom,  ballad  by,  273 
Smithson,  Samuel,  20,  56,  59,  62, 
67,  145,  426;  ballads  by,  391,  471 

smoke,  tobacco y  99  (11),  ?i 57  (11) 

snake,  the  Devil  disguises  himself 
as  a,  334  (13) 

snapping y  peevishness y  299  (3) 
soap-makers  protest  the  excise,  207 
sod,  boiled y  323  (7) 


Sol,  375  (7) 

soldier,  a,  of  Parliament,  the  mer¬ 
cenary,  a  ballad,  167;  mumped 
by  Meg,  298;  the  pay  of,  167;  a 
woman  serves  as,  61;  the  wooing 
of,  291 ;  the  zealous,  a  ballad,  163 

Soldiers'  Accompty  They  167 
solid,  trustworthy  [orthodox] ,  440 
Soloma  Hometh,  107 
Solomon,  429  (5) 

Songs  and  Poems  of  Love  and  Drol¬ 
lery  y  65 

sort,  class  of  people ,  159  (18),  182 

(5)>  442  (9) 

sots, fools y  90  (2) 

Southwark,  deplorable  news  from, 
a  ballad,  421;  Hugh  Peters  cap¬ 
tured  in,  484 

space,  time,  80  (7) 

Spain,  enemiesoftheEnglish  Church 
fostered  in,  441  (5);  excise  devel¬ 
oped  in,  209  (2);  King  of,  Philip 
IV,  31 1  (2);  naval  battle  of,  with 
Holland  in  1639,  1 17  (12),  126 

Spanish  Frank,  (?)  156  (6) 

spark,  gay  fellow  y  272  (12),  345  (7); 
gayy  sprightly  womany  258  (3) 

spend,  confer ,  impart ,  177  (7) 
spit,  pierce ,  transfix ,  169  (7) 
spittle  (spital),  Bridewell ,  362  (1) 
Spittlehouse,  John,  174 
sport,  copulate ,  270  (9);  enjoy,  468 

(5) 

Sportive  W it y  66  f. 
spots,  conscious,  acknowledged  moral 
faultSy  90  (2) 

spouseall  (spousal),  marriage ,  471 

(1) 

spring,  bring  forth y  317  (2) 
spurn  against,  at,  object  to ,  complain 

of ,  146  (3).  225  (3) 


527 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


squench,  quench ,  21  i  (5) 
Stage-Players’  Complaint ,  Phe,  125 
Stalham,  John,  173 

Stapleton,  Co.  Durham,  Scots  de¬ 
feated  at,  102 

Starbucke,  William,  balladist,  23 
Starkey,  George,  320 
start,  deviate ,  401  (13) 

state,  the  United  Provinces  of  the 
Netherlands ,  158  (15);  one’ s  per¬ 
sonal  financial  condition ,  116  (8), 

117  (h) 

Stationers’  Company,  power  of,  over 
ballads  lost,  13,  64;  the  Remon¬ 
strance  of,  1 2 

stay,  delay  {marrying) ,  257  (1),  295 
(7),  297  (n) 

steel  the  forehead,  ?make  stubborn 
or  hard-headed^  157  (9) 

Stewart,  Sir  Thomas,  288 
stick  to  one,  to,  419  (14) 

‘Stiff,  Mary,’  207 

Stiles,  Anne,  bewitched,  329 

Stisted,  Essex,  171 

stitch,  to  go  through,  complete  the 
matter ,  302  (12) 

stob  (stab),  281  (1 1) 

Stockbridge,  a  market-town  near 
Southampton,  333  (10) 

store,  abundance ,  1 1 5  (7),  168  (3), 
180  (1),  181  (4),  219  (25),  345  (6), 
376  (16) ;  abundantly)  168  (2),  301 
(10) 

stored,  well  supplied ,  447  (5) 

Stow,  John,  29 

Strafford,  Earl  of.  See  Wentworth 
straggled,  443  (IJ) 
strife,  to  finish  the,  conclude  an 
affair)  436  (6) 

stur  (stir),  to  keep  a,  make  a  com¬ 
motion )  335  (17) 


Suckling,  Sir  John,  125,  348 
suddenly,  at  once)  285,  313  (7) 
sun  (son),  249  (8),  250  (10) 
suppliant,  400  (9) 

Surrey,  487  (4);  anabaptists  in,  172 
suter  (suitor),  262  (11) 

sutler,  a  person  who  follows  an  army 
to  sell  liquors ,  etc .,  to  the  soldiers , 
168  (2) 

suttle  (subtle),  105  (14) 
swearing  attacked,  165  (5),  305  (4) 
Sweden,  King  of,  Charles  X,  3 1 1  (2) 

sweetheart,  203  (6),  261  (8,  9),  268 
(6),  269  (8),  270  (8),  271  (10  f.), 
292  (1),  294  (5),  299  (2,  3),  etc. 

sweet-honey,  a  term  of  endearment) 
204  (9) 

sweeting,  sweetheart ,  397  (1),  427 
Sweet-lips,  Mrs.,  203  (5) 

sweetmeats,  323  (7) 

taffety  (taffeta),  416  (4) 

taine,  taken ,  104  (12),  287  (5),  398 
(3).  See  tane 

Tamburlaine,  455  (7) 
tane,  taken)  40,  96  (1),  178  (8),  289 
(5)>  443  C11)-  See  taine 
Tantalus,  407  (23) 
tantara  refrains,  273 
tap,  spiggot)  1 16  (10) 

Tartarians,  Tartars ,  no  (10) 
tattling,  idle  talking ,  489  (7) 
taxing  receivers,  tax-collectors ,  215 

(3) 

Taylor,  John,  the  Water  Poet,  14, 
16  ff.,  21, 42,  60, 160;  as  a  Royal¬ 
ist  pamphleteer,  32  ff. 

Taylor,  Martha,  361 

Taylors  Physicke ,  by  Henry  Wal¬ 
ker,  17 


52  8 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


Teague,  John, 50 

teaster  (testern),  sixpence ,  117  (11) 
tell  (till),  175,  212  (9),  295  (7) 
termiles  (?  turmoils),  449  (9) 
thare  (there),  421  (1) 
tha’st,  170  (10)  n. 
the  (thee),  432  (10) 
theatre,  raid  on  a,  66.  See  plays 
their  (there),  103  (4),  204(7) 
then,  than,  passim 
there  (their),  209  (1),  222  (2),  337 
(i>  2) 

Thersites,  169  (8) 

Thistle  of  Scotland,  249  (4) 
tho,  then,  169  (6) 

Thomas,  John,  17 

Thomason,  George,  ballad-collec¬ 
tion  of,  referred  to,  3  f.,  6,  44,  46 
f.,  57;  ballads  reprinted  from,  132, 
144,  150,  154,  160,  163,  167,  184, 
21 1,  227,  288,  304,  320,  325,  326, 

336>  348,  352>  354 
Thompson,  Hugh  Peters  alias,  484, 
486 

Thoms,  W.  J.,  50  n. 

thorough,  thorow,  through,  302  (12), 

3l8  (6)>  31 9  (7)»  394  (10),  449  (9) 
thorowly,  thoroughly ,  322 
though  (tho),  then,  333  (10) 
thouls,  dialectic  for  thou  wilt ,  294  (5) 

thrall ,  fig.  for  bondage,  114  (2),  324 
(1^,429  (4) 

through,  on  account  of,  1 80 
throughly,  thoroughly,  210  (5) 

thrum,  thread  left  on  a  loom  after  the 
web  is  cut  off,  229  (4) 

thumper,  a  ‘ whopper ,'  488  (7) 
Thurloe,  John,  341 

Times'  Alteration,  125 
Titans,  war  of,  against  Jove,  284 


tittle  tattle,  141  (9) 

toJ°r,  3  5  6  (2 1 )  >  467  ( 1 ) ;  in,  393  (4) ; 
too,  295  (7),  332  (6),  333  (8),  337 

(6)j  4° 5  (5)>  43 1  (9);  to  her  mind, 
i.e.,  one  that  pleases  her,  259  (5); 
to  wife,  as  one's  wife ,  370  (10), 
424  (7) 

tobacco,  99  (11),  157  n.,  168  (2), 
460  (4),  463  (11) 

Tom  Thumb,  73 

too,  to,  324  (n),  435  (3);  two,  282 

(J5) 

too  too,  exceedingly ,  393  (6) 

top,  head,  328  (5) 
tortoise,  170  (10) 
tother,  1 16  (9) 

touch,  account,  description,  96 

Tournes,  Andrew,  106 

Tower  of  London,  122  (9),  133,  486 

ff. 

Tower  Street,  London,  gunpowder 
explodes  in,  51 

Towers,  Bishop  John,  133 
Townshend,  Henry,  89,  484  n. 
toys,  trifles,  foolish  pleasures,  158 
(14),  333  (8),  359  (”5).  399  (7) 
trade,  decline  of,  in  1647,  ballad  on, 
179 

trai n,  followers,  ar?ny,  286  (2),  287 

(5)_ 

travail,  evidently  travel,  not  labor, 
449  fe) 

Treason  Act  of  1649, 42, 46,  477 
Tredah,  Tredagh.  See  Drogheda 
Trent,  William  Peterfield,  1 19 
Trevor,  Sir  John,  341 
Trevor,  Sir  Thomas,  156  (6) 

Trim,  Co.  Meath,  Ireland,  284,  289 

(3) 

trim  trams,  trifles,  483 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Trojan,  British ,  90  (2) ;  the  Trojans, 
93  (IJ) 

troul  (troll),  pass  liquor  around ,  327 
(4) 

'Bub-Preachers  Overturned ,  Bhe^ 

172  n. 

tuition,  protection^  392  (1) 
tun  (tune),  319  (7).  See  tunns 
Tunis,  hi  (12) 

tunns  (tuns),  barrels ,  fig.  for  great 
personages ,  156  (6) 

Turks,  the,  141  (9),  149  O1),  239 
(3),  478;  Sultans  of,  plot  against 
Christians,  108 

turn  up,  drink ,  352  (3) 

Turner,  William,  477 
turtle,  the  dove ,  317  (3),  471  (1) 
twelfth  day,  January  <5,  367 
Tyburn,  29,  489  (8),  490  (10) 

Tyne,  River,  two  Welshmen  fight 
15,000  Scots  at,  90,  91  (4),  95 

Typhoeus,  286  (2) 

vacation,  enforced  leisure  from  busi¬ 
ness  ,  180  (2) 

Vagrants,  Act  against,  in  1657,  70 
vaine  (vein),  190  (1) 
vale  (veil),  262  (11),  263  (12  f.) 
Vamphogie,  Patrick,  106 
Vane,  Sir  Henry,  95,  100,  156  n., 
488  n. 

vapor,  swagger ,  460  (4) 
vaporing,  blustering ,  359  (105) 
Vaudois,  massacre  of  the,  385 
venery ^fornication,  157  (12) 
venge,  avenge ,  164  (1) 

Venus,  286  (2),  392, 429  (5),  449  (8) ; 

play  of,  venery ,  157  (1 1) 
vex,/r<?/,  212  (9) 

Vianley,  James,  106 


vildly,  vilely ^  84  (3) 

Villiers,  George,  Duke  of  Bucking¬ 
ham,  150 

Vinson,  Alice,  126 
uncivilty,  uncivelty,  incivility ,  258 
(3)>  267  (3) 

undone,  ruined ,  240  (3),  248  (1), 

332  (6),  333  (9) 

unhumanity,  382  (10) 

unreverently,  147  (6) 
untell  (until),  295  (8),  297  (11) 
unthrown,  dethrone ,  285  (1) 

Vote,  Proclamations  against  the,  in 
1642,  141  (8) 

V ox  Borealis ,  by  ‘Margery  Mar- 
prelate,’  7,  9  f.,  17,  101 

use,  practise ,  258  (2),  381  (6),  388 

(9),  393  (5)>  454  (3)>  456  (9);  ^ 

accustomed  to>  430  (6) 

Vulcan,  459  (1) 

Wade,  Mrs.,  an  anabaptist,  pun¬ 
ished  by  God,  171 

Wade,  John,  balladist,  63 
wakes  and  revels,  454  (5) 

Wales,  94  (14).  See  Welshmen 
Walker,  a  poet,  21 

Walker,  Henry,  33, 36  f.  See  B aylors 
Physicke 

walkt,  waked ,  335  (14) 

Wallachy,  Wallachia  (now  Ru¬ 
mania),  1 10  (10) 

Waller’s  Plot,  158  n. 

Walley,  Henry,  13 
Walsingham,  Edward,  100 
want,  be  without  money ,  21 1  (7) 
ward,  in,  in  prison ,  98  (6) 
warm,  warmth ,  442  (8) 

Warwick,  Mrs.  Atkins  of,  carried 
off  by  the  Devil,  372 


53° 


GLOSSARIAL  INDEX 


Waterton,  Justice,  29 

Watts,  Alexander,  106 

Watts,  Robert,  106 

weddings,  Popish  rites  in,  ballad  on, 

396 

weed  (wed),  293  (2),  295  (7) 

Weekly  Intelligencer ,  The,  366 
weeping-cross,  bad  fortune,  363  (4) 
Welshmen,  two  brave,  defeat  1 5,000 
Scots,  89.  See  Wales 
Wentworth,  Sir  Thomas,  Earl  of 
Strafford,  ballad  on  his  execution, 
1  i9;mentioned, 1 1,21,125,  ?i  5711. 
were  (wear),  280  (6),  293  (4) 

W 1 e  strains  ter  Drollery,  444 
Westminster  Hall,  Capel  and 
others  condemned  in,  243 
Wethersfield,  Essex,  173 
whare  (where),  468  (6) 
where,  whether ,  441  (5) 
whereas,  where,  377  (22),  435  (4) 
whim  whams,  trifles ,  483 
Whitehall,  Andrew,  106 
Whitehall  Palace,  192  (7),  222  (3), 
232  f. 

Whitehead,  George,  402 
Whitelock,  Sir  Bulstrode,  15  n.,  40 
n*,  43  n-,  2i4 

Whitfield,  Richard,  379  f. 
Whittington,  Sir  Richard,  251 
Whore  of  Rome,  the  Church  of  Rome, 
153  (8),  157  (») 

widow,  the,  i.e.,  Henrietta  Maria , 
254  (5) 

Wild,  Dr.  Robert,  19  n. 

Wilde,  John,  Lord  Chief  Baron,  329 
Wilkins,  W.W.,  Political  Ballads,  3, 
23  n.,  27  n.,  28  n.,  29  m,  47  n.,  54 
n.,  56  n.,  70  n.,  71  n.,  72  n.,  73,  221 
William  II,  Prince  of  Orange,  1 54 
Williams,  J.B.,  pseudonym  of  Mud- 
diman,  J.G.,  q.v. 


Williams,  Archbishop  John,  133 
willy  (wily),  292 
Willy  and  Mumping  Meg,  299 
Wilmot,  Colonel  Henry,  95 
Wiltshire,  ballad-singer  whipped  in, 
55;  a  witch  in,  329 
Winchester,  murders  in,  24,  126; 

Marquis  of,  see  Paulet 
Windebank,  Sir  Francis,  Secretary 
of  State,  95,  100,  125,  156  n. 
winking,  a  term  of  endearment ,  248 
wit,  wisdom,  263  (13),  etc. 

Wit  and  Drollery ,  61  n.,  113,  348; 

described,  65 
witchcraft,  ballad  on,  329 
Withers,  William,  55 
without,  unless,  356  (20) 
witty,  clever,  292,  393  (4),  etc. 
Wladislaus  IV,  King  of  Poland, 

108  n. 

Wood,  Anthony,  5,  64  n.,  173,  304, 
391  ;ballad-collectionof,  examples 
from,  here  reprinted,  77>  83,  89, 

IOO,  402,  4O9,  484 

Woodcock,  Francis,  184 
woodcuts,  Quakers  attack  the  use 
of,  68 

wooing  by  proxy,  ballad  on  the 
story  of,  256 

Worcester,  battle  of,  54,  309,  315, 
3l8  (6) 

worms,  creatures  {men),  165  (5) 
worthyist,  (?)  350  (9) 

Wortley,  Sir  Francis,  balladist,  26  f. 
wrack  (wreck),  473  (4) 

Wren,  Sir  Christopher,  251 
Wrenn,  Bishop  Matthew,  133 
Wright,  Bishop  Robert,  133 
Wright,  Thomas,  Political  Ballads, 
3,  24  n.,  26  n.,  27  n.,  28  n.,  29  n., 
31  n.,  40  n.,  47  n.,  54  n.,  56  n.,  73, 
74  n. 

Wright's  Chaste  Wife ,  The,  265 


531 


CAVALIER  AND  PURITAN 


Yarmouth,  173 

Yelverton,  Sir  Christopher,  26 
York,  90,  482  (11);  loyal  ballads 
printed  at,  23;  Duke  of,  see  James 

II. 


Yorkshire,  a  chaste  wife  in,  ballad 
of,  266;  minstrels  whipped  in,  55; 
wheat  rains  in,  45 
Young,  a  minstrel,  murdered,  50 


532 


Date  Due 

mmm 

<f) 

PR1195 .H5R75 

Cavalier  and  Puritan. 

Princeton  Theolog.cal  Semmary-Speer  Library 


1012  00004  5031 


